Which of these is an oxidation half-reaction?

The enthalpy changes associated with formation of a solution can be divided into three steps:

1.Breaking of intermolecular forces: This is the enthalpy change associated with breaking the intermolecular forces between solute molecules, such as van der Waals forces, and between solvent molecules. This enthalpy change is usually an exothermic process, meaning that energy is released when the molecules interact and form a solution. The magnitude of the enthalpy change in this step is dependent upon the strength of the intermolecular forces between the molecules.

2.Mixing of the two components: This is the enthalpy change associated with the mixing of the two components (solute and solvent). This enthalpy change is usually endothermic, meaning that energy is absorbed when the molecules mix together into a solution. The magnitude of the enthalpy change in this step is dependent upon the differences between the two components.

3.Solution formation: This is the enthalpy change associated with the formation of solute-solvent interactions. This may either be an exothermic or endothermic process, depending upon the types of interactions formed. The magnitude of the enthalpy change in this step is dependent upon the strength of the solute-solvent interactions.

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Answer:

Hey mate here's your answer ⤵️

a mark or character used as a conventional representation of an object, function, or process, e.g. the letter or letters standing for a chemical element or a character in musical notation.

noun: letter, character, sign of written communication

Something used for or regarded as representing something else; a material object representing something,

or a character of some kind

Example:

Often something immaterial; emblem, token, or sign: "$"<< the dollar sign is a symbol used to show / means money

Hope this kinda helped

There are approximately 2.52 x 10^22 molecules of phosphorus pentachloride present in 8.70 grams of this compound.

As per the question given,  

To determine the number of molecules of phosphorus pentachloride present in 8.70 grams of this compound, we need to use the following steps:

Determine the molar mass of PCl5, which is the sum of the atomic masses of one mole of P and five moles of Cl:

M(P) = 30.97 g/mol

M(Cl) = 35.45 g/mol

M(PCl5) = 30.97 + 5(35.45) = 208.23 g/mol

Convert the given mass of PCl5 to moles using its molar mass:

moles of PCl5 = 8.70 g / 208.23 g/mol = 0.0418 mol

Convert the number of moles of PCl5 to molecules using Avogadro's number, which is 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol:

molecules of PCl5 = 0.0418 mol x 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol = 2.52 x 10^22 molecules

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The observation, in this case, is quantitative.

Quantitative observations are observations that can be recorded based on quantitative data. In other words, they are observations that can be assigned numerical values.

Quantitative observations are as opposed to qualitative observations because the former cannot be assigned numerical values. They can be ranked or qualified.

In this case, Danielle and Heather could assign numbers to the length, width, and height of the tank in order to calculate its volume.

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Answer:

Hydrochloric Acid

Explanation:

NaOH + HCl = NaCl +H2O

In a Neutralization reaction a base (NaOH) and an acid (HCl) react together to form neutral products. H2O is always a product and a salt is also produced such as KCl or in this case NaCl.

The Na switches with the H to form NaCl.

and the 2 H and the O create H2O.

The neutralization reaction for this is Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrochloric acid → Sodium Chloride + Water.

Neutralization is a type of chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react with each other. In this reaction, neutralization results in the formation of any type of salt and water.

The proton (\(H^+\)) from the acid combines with the hydroxide (\(OH^-\)) from the base to make water \((H_2O)\). This type of reaction is known as neutralization reaction because it neutralizes the acid and base. If a strong acid and strong base react completely, then the resulting solution will have a pH of 7 (neutral).

For above given example,

Sodium Hydroxide is reacted with Hydrochloric acid to form Sodium Chloride and Water.

Thus, the neutralization reaction for this is Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrochloric acid → Sodium Chloride + Water.

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Answer:

digital camera

Explanation:

Explanation:

The valence electrons within an atom is the number of electrons in its outermost shell.

These electrons are used by an atom to react with one another. They  determine the extent to which an atom is ready to combine either by losing, gaining or sharing these electrons.

Answer:

33333333333333333333333

For a concentration of PBDEs in herring gull eggs, doubling time for PBDEs in this source is 0.778 yrs. The concentration in 2010 is equals to 44.16 ppm.

We have a concentration of PBDEs in herring gull eggs from the Great Lakes was about 1100 ppb in 1990.

Concentration in 2000 = 7000 ppm

= 7000 × 10³ ppb

We have to doubling time for PBDEs in this source and concentration in 2010.

Time = 10 yr

The rate constant is \(k = \frac{ 2.303 }{t} \frac{ log[a]}{log[a - x]}\),

Plugging the values, \(k = \frac{ 2.303 }{10} log( \frac{ 7000× 10³ }{1100})\)

= 0.875/yr

Doubling time = 0.69/k

= 0.778 yrs.

Now, the we determine the concentration in 2010. Let the concentration be equal x.

\(0.778 = \frac{ 2.303 }{10} log(\frac{ x}{7000 })\)

=> \(\frac{ x}{7000 \: ppm} = 10^{3.8}\)

=> x = 44.16

Hence, required value is 44.16 ppm.

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Answer:

Density = mass\ volume

So using this relation we can write volume = mass\density

So volume of uranium = (50.8 \ 18.9 ) cm3

= 2.69 cm3 ( ans)

The concentration of the nitrogen after 44 seconds is 0.0175 mol/L.

We know that the rate of reaction has to do with how fast or slow that the reaction is progressing. If the reaction is not progressing that fast we could say that the rate of reaction is slow but if the reaction is moving on quite fast we could say that the rate of the reaction is fact.

Having said this, we can see that the reaction that we have here is the Haber process and it involves the combination of the hydrogen and the nitrogen to form the product of the reaction.

Rate of consumption of hydrogen = 0. 25 mol/L - 0. 50 mol/L /44 s

= -5.68 * 10^-3  mol/Ls-1

For the nitrogen molecule we would now have;

3/2 *  -5.68 * 10^-3  = M - 1.25/44

Let M be the final concentration of the nitrogen

-8.5* 10^-3 + 0.026 = M

M = 0.0175 mol/L

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Food A would be richer in calories than food B.

The term calories refers to the energy content of food. It is the mount of energy that is contained in food. In a food label, we can see the various calorific value of the ingredients in the food. This could help especially when one is trying the control the calories in diet.

Looking at food label A, the greatest calories come from carbohydrates while in food label B, the greatest calories come from proteins. We know that carbohydrates contains a lot more calories than proteins.

This implies that food A would be richer in calories than food B.

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c is the correct answer

The correct answer is option A: Subtract the atomic number from the mass number.

An atom is composed of a proton, a neutron and an electron. These are collectively called subatomic particles.

The proton and neutron are found in the nucleus of the atom, surrounded by electrons.

The atomic number is the same as the number of protons in the atom or the number of electrons in the neutral atom.

The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the atom.

Hence, to obtain the number of neutron, we subtract the atomic number from the mass number.

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Fe(C 5H 5) 2 describes the organometallic compound ferrocene. The molecule is a complex made up of a core iron atom and two cyclopentadienyl rings.

AlCl3 is the chemical formula for aluminum chloride, sometimes referred to as aluminum trichloride.

Acetic acid is the source of the acyl chloride known as acetyl chloride.  AcCl is a frequent way to shorten its formula.

"81.3%"

One mole of ferrocene combines with one mole of acetyl chloride in accordance with the reaction's stoichiometry to produce one mole of mono acetylferrocene.

The limiting reagent is the one that is minimally present. Ferrocene is the limiting agent as a result.

The limiting reagent controls how the product is formed. So,

In a reaction, one mole of ferrocene yields one mole of mono acetylferrocene.

reaction forms with 0.0005375 moles of ferrocene Mono acetylferrocene, 0.0005375 mole

0.0005375 moles of product were produced.

Mono acetylferrocene's molar mass is 228.07 g/mole.

Produced mono acetylferrocene mass equals moles times molecular weight, or 0.0005375 x 228.07 g, or 0.123 grammes, or 123 mg.

assuming a 100 mg experimental yield

% yield is equal to (Experimental Yield / Theoretical Yield) / 100, which equals (100/ 123) / 100, or 81.3%.

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Answer:

Letter b so F

Explanation:

I hope this help

Explanation:

All five ions have an equal number of electrons and therefore share the same electron configuration. For example, a neutral calcium atom (Z=20) has 20 electrons; it loses two of them to form a Ca2+ cation, which would thus contain 20−2=18 electrons. Similarly, a phosphorus atom (Z=15) gains three electrons to form a P3− anion that contains 15+3=18 electrons.

Positively-charged protons in the nuclei attract the negatively-charged electron cloud. Each proton carries a +1 charge; the more protons an atom or ion contains the stronger the attraction it poses on its electron cloud. A nucleus of strong positive charge pulls its electron cloud towards itself tightly such that the latter would have a small radius.

The periodic table is arranged in the order of increasing proton number. Phosphorus comes the first among the five species and contains the least number of protons. Its ion would be the largest among the five. Calcium comes the last and forms the smallest ion.

Number of protons per nucleus P<S<Cl<K<CaStrength of Electrostatic attraction on the electron cloud P<S<Cl<K<CaIonic radius P3−>S2−>Cl−>K+>Ca2+

The quantum numbers are used to describe the position of an electron in atom.

The quantum numbers are used to describe the position of an electron in atom. I have attached a picture that shows the complete question.

For the 1s orbital;

n =1

l = 0

ml = 0

ms = ±1/2

For the 2s orbital;

n = 2

l = 1

ml = -1, 0, 1

ms = ±1/2

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Answer:

Hit me with brainlist pls

Explanation:

A equals 6.8 and C is the final answer of the equation so you would subtract the answer from a which gives you 2.6 grams

The decomposition of wastewater can lead to the following:

II. Eutrophication and algal blooms.

III. The development of dead zones.

A wastewater can be defined as a body of water that has been contaminated due to human use in homes, offices, schools, businesses etc.

Ideally, wastewater should be disposed in accordance with the local regulations and standards because they typically are unhygienic for human consumption or use. Thus, floor drain are used in the kitchen, bathroom and toilet to remove wastewater, so as to mitigate stagnation and to improve hygiene.

Generally, the decomposition of wastewater can lead to the following:

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Carbon electrodes are changed frequently in electrolysis as the carbon in the carbon electrodes burns to give out Carbon-di-oxide.

Carbon electrodes are used in electrolysis to facilitate the transfer of electrons between the anode and the cathode. The carbon electrode is usually in the form of a rod or plate and is electrically connected to the anode.

The carbon electrode may also be used to help reduce the overall resistance of the electrolytic cell.

Carbon electrodes are used in electrolysis because they are chemically inert and have a high electrical conductivity.

However, carbon electrodes must be changed frequently because they become corroded and lose their electrical conductivity over time.

This is because carbon burns out in the Carbon electrodes to give out Carbon-di-oxide. That is why the carbon anodes should be changed frequently.

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Answer:

=50g NaOH) then,no.of moles of the NaOH solution=50g/40g=1.25 moles/litre

Explanation:

answer=50g NaOH

Answer: New Pressure = 10.80 atm

Answer:

1. Covalent bonds can form between two nonmetal atoms.

2. Covalent bonds can form between atoms of the same element.

3. Covalent bonds can form between atoms of different elements.

Explanation:

I hope this helps u! :D



Explanation:

Answer:56

Explanation:YW

Answer:

The process in which a solid changes directly to a gas is called sublimation. It occurs when the particles of a solid absorb enough energy to completely overcome the force of attraction between them. Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide, CO2) is an example of a solid that undergoes sublimation.

At STP one mole of a gas contains 22.41 liters. Here, 36.05  g or 0.78 moles  of nitrogen dioxide will produce 0.78 moles of nitrogen gas and 1.56 moles of oxygen gas. Hence, total volume of gas produce is 52.3 liters.

STP condition is the condition at which the temperature is 298 K and pressure is 1 atm.

As per the given equation, 2 moles of nitrogen dioxide gives 2 moles of oxygen gas and one mole of nitrogen gas.

molar mass of NO₂ = 46 g/mol

no.of moles in 36.05 g = 28.04/46 = 0.78 moles.

0.78 moles of  NO₂ produce  1.56 moles of O₂ and 0.78  moles of  N₂.

volume of one mole at STP = 22.41 L.

then volume in 0.78 moles = 0.78 × 22.41 = 17. 47 L

volume of 1.56  moles of  O₂ = 1.56 × 22.41 = 34.9 L.

Then total volume = 52.37 L.

Therefore, 28.04 g of NO₂ gas will give a total volume of 41 L of gases.

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Answer:

V = 38.48 L

Explanation:

Given that,

No. of moles = 1.5 mol

Pressure, P = 700 torr

Temperature, T = 15°C = 288 K

We need to find the volume of the gas. The ideal gas equation is given by :

\(PV=nRT\\\\V=\dfrac{nRT}{P}\\\\V=\dfrac{1.5\times 62.36\times 288}{700}\\\\V=38.48\ L\), R = L.Torr.K⁻¹.mol⁻¹

So, the required volume is equal to 38.48 L.

Answer:Because binary ionic compounds are confined mainly to group 1 and group 2 elements on the one hand and group VI and VII elements on the other, we find that they consist mainly of ions having an electronic structure which is the same as that of a noble gas. In calcium fluoride, for example, the calcium atom has lost two electrons in order to achieve the electronic structure of argon, and thus has a charge of +2:By contrast, a fluorine atom needs to acquire but one electron in order to achieve a neon structure. The resulting fluoride ion has a charge of –1:The outermost shell of each of these ions has the electron configuration ns2np6, where n is 3 for Ca2+ and 2 for F–. Such an ns2np6 noble-gas electron configuration is encountered quite often. It is called an octet because it contains eight electrons. In a crystal of calcium fluoride, the Ca2+ and F– ions are packed together in the lattice shown below. Careful study of the diagram shows that each F– ion is surrounded by four Ca2+ ions, while each Ca2+ ion has eight F– ions as nearest neighbors.

Thus there must be twice as many F– ions as Ca2+ ions in the entire crystal lattice. Only a small portion of the lattice is shown, but if it were extended indefinitely in all directions, you could verify the ratio of two F– for every Ca2+. This ratio makes sense if you consider that two F– ions (each with a –1 charge) are needed to balance the +2 charge of each Ca2+ ion, making the net charge on the crystal zero. The formula for calcium fluoride is thus CaF2.Figure 6.10.1

6.10.

1

: A portion of the ionic crystal lattice of fluorite, calcium fluoride. (a) Ca2+ ions (color) and F– ions (gray) are shown full size. “Exploded” view shows that each F– surrounded by four Ca2+ ions, while each Ca2+ ion is surrounded by eight F– ions. The ratio of Ca2+ ions to F– ions is thus 4:8 or 1:2, and the formula is CaF2. (Computer-generated). (Copyright © 1976 by W. G. Davies and J. W. Moore.)

Newcomers to chemistry often have difficulty in deciding what the formula of an ionic compound will be. A convenient method for doing this is to regard the compound as being formed from its atoms and to use Lewis diagrams. The octet rule can then be applied. Each atom must lose or gain electrons in order to achieve an octet. Furthermore, all electrons lost by one kind of atom must be gained by the other.

An exception to the octet rule occurs in the case of the three ions having the He 1s2 structure, that is, H–, Li+ and Be2+. In these cases two rather than eight electrons are needed in the outermost shell to comply with the rule.

Example 6.10.1

6.10.

1

: Ionic Formula

Find the formula of the ionic compound formed from O and Al.

Solution

We first write down Lewis diagrams for each atom involved:

alt

We now see that each O atom needs 2 electrons to make up an octet, while each Al atom has 3 electrons to donate. In order that the same number of electrons would be donated as accepted, we need 2 Al atoms (2 × 3e– donated) and 3 O atoms (3 × 2e– accepted). The whole process is then

alt

The resultant oxide consists of aluminum ions, Al3+, and oxide ions, O2–, in the ratio of 2:3. The formula is Al2O3.Figure 6.10.1

6.10.

1

: A portion of the ionic crystal lattice of fluorite, calcium fluoride. (a) Ca2+ ions (color) and F– ions (gray) are shown full size. “Exploded” view shows that each F– surrounded by four Ca2+ ions, while each Ca2+ ion is surrounded by eight F– ions. The ratio of Ca2+ ions to F– ions is thus 4:8 or 1:2, and the formula is CaF2. (Computer-generated). (Copyright © 1976 by W. G. Davies and J. W. Moore.)

Newcomers to chemistry often have difficulty in deciding what the formula of an ionic compound will be. A convenient method for doing this is to regard the compound as being formed from its atoms and to use Lewis diagrams. The octet rule can then be applied. Each atom must lose or gain electrons in order to achieve an octet. Furthermore, all electrons lost by one kind of atom must be gained by the other.

An exception to the octet rule occurs in the case of the three ions having the He 1s2 structure, that is, H–, Li+ and Be2+. In these cases two rather than eight electrons are needed in the outermost shell to comply with the rule.

Example 6.10.1

6.10.

1

: Ionic Formula

Find the formula of the ionic compound formed from O and Al.

Solution

We first write down Lewis diagrams for each atom involved:

alt

We now see that each O atom needs 2 electrons to make up an octet, while each Al atom has 3 electrons to donate. In order that the same number of electrons would be donated as accepted, we need 2 Al atoms (2 × 3e– donated) and 3 O atoms (3 × 2e– accepted). The whole process is then

alt

The resultant oxide consists of aluminum ions, Al3+, and oxide ions, O2–, in the ratio of 2:3. The formula is Al2O3.

Explanation:

An element with properties halfway between those of metals and nonmetals is said to be a metalloid. Semimetals are another name for metaloids.

A metalloid is an element that is difficult to categorize as either a metal or a nonmetal because it has a majority of qualities that fall between those of metals and nonmetals or that are a combination of both.

Except for hydrogen, which is a nonmetal, the elements are arranged in a triangle with the metals to the left, the nonmetals to the right, and the metalloids to the immediate right of the triangle.

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