What happens to water at 1 atm pressure as the temperature is decreased from 10°C to –10°C?

The value of ΔH for the reaction CO(g) + H₂(g) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g) + H₂O(g) is -1272 kJ.

To calculate the enthalpy change (ΔH) for the given reaction, we can use Hess's law, which states that the overall enthalpy change of a reaction is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes of the individual reactions involved.

Given the enthalpy changes:

1. 2 C(s) + O₂(g) → 2 CO(g)... ∆H = -222 kJ

2. C(s) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g)... ∆H = -394 kJ

3. 2 H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2 H₂O(g)... ∆H = -484 kJ

We need to manipulate these reactions to obtain the desired reaction:

1. Reverse reaction 2: CO₂(g) → C(s) + O₂(g)... ∆H = +394 kJ

2. Multiply reaction 2 by 2 to balance carbon atoms: 2 CO₂(g) → 2 C(s) + 2 O₂(g)... ∆H = -788 kJ

3. Leave reaction 3 unchanged: 2 H₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2 H₂O(g)... ∆H = -484 kJ

By adding reactions 2 and 3, we obtain the desired reaction:

CO(g) + H₂(g) + O₂(g) → CO₂(g) + H₂O(g)... ∆H = -788 kJ + (-484 kJ) = -1272 kJ

Therefore, the value of ΔH for the given reaction is -1272 kJ.

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Answer:

The final equilibrium temperature of the system is 37.9°C.

Explanation:

To find the final equilibrium temperature, we need to use the principle of heat conservation, which states that the total heat lost by the hot water is equal to the total heat gained by the cold gold statue. We can express this principle mathematically as follows:

Q_lost = Q_gained

where Q_lost is the heat lost by the water, and Q_gained is the heat gained by the gold statue.

To calculate the heat lost by the water, we can use the formula:

Q_lost = m_w * c_w * (T_i - T_f)

where m_w is the mass of the water, c_w is the specific heat capacity of water, T_i is the initial temperature of the water, and T_f is the final equilibrium temperature.

To calculate the heat gained by the gold statue, we can use the formula:

Q_gained = m_g * c_g * (T_f - T_i)

where m_g is the mass of the gold statue, c_g is the specific heat capacity of gold, T_i is the initial temperature of the gold statue, and T_f is the final equilibrium temperature.

Equating Q_lost and Q_gained, we have:

m_w * c_w * (T_i - T_f) = m_g * c_g * (T_f - T_i)

Substituting the given values, we get:

1105. g * 4.184 J/g°C * (80°C - T_f) = 250.0 g * 0.129 J/g°C * (T_f - 21.0°C)

Simplifying and solving for T_f, we get:

T_f = 37.9°C

Therefore, the final equilibrium temperature is 37.9°C.

Answer:

Explanation:

11. Referencing your drawings, what happens to the space between particles as you go

ANSWER:

all of them

Explanation:

preciseness is measured by how many decimal places are used not by accuracy. since all of these are to the same decimal place they are all equally precise even if they are inaccurate.

A series of nuclear events that transform four protons into the helium nucleus, two positrons, and two neutrinos result in the fusion of hydrogen into helium.

Transformation of one element into another, typically with the emission of additional particles and energy.

There are four types decay as follows;

Beta Decay 2 neutrons and 2 protons were lost. Atomic mass decreases by 4, atomic number decreases by 2.

Alpha Decay A proton is created from one neutron. Atomic number increased by 1.

Particle Emission One proton transforms into a neutron.

Beta Decay A nucleus with a high energy output emits energy and stabilizes.

When two nuclei join together to form one atom, fusion processes take place. Two hydrogen atoms are fused together to create helium in the sun's reaction.

Thus, a series of nuclear events that transform four protons into the helium nucleus, two positrons, and two neutrinos result in the fusion of hydrogen into helium.

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The moles of ammonia present in a 2.860 g sample of ammonia has a molar mass of 17.030 g/mol. Then, the Number of Moles is 0.2 moles.

Ammonia :

Ammonia is an inorganic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the chemical formula NH3. A stable binary hydride and the simplest source of hydrogenation, ammonia is a colorless gas with a distinct, pungent odor. Biologically, it is a common nitrogen waste, especially among aquatic organisms, and contributes significantly to the nutrient needs of terrestrial organisms, serving as a precursor to 45% of the world's food and fertilizers.

Molar Mass:

In chemistry, the molar mass (M) of a compound is defined as the ratio between the mass of a sample of that compound and the amount of the substance (measured in moles). Molar mass is a volumetric, not molecular, property of a substance. Molar mass is the average of many instances of a compound that often differ in mass due to the presence of isotopes. Most commonly, molar mass is calculated from standard atomic weights, so it is global average and is a function of the relative isotopic abundance of Earth's constituent atoms. Molar mass is suitable for converting the mass of a substance and the amount of a substance into a mass quantity.

Now,

Given:

Weight in grams, w = 2.860 g

Molar mass, m = 17.030 g/mol

We know,

Number of Moles = Weight(w) / Mole Mass (m)

    ⇒                    n   =  2.860/ 17.030

 By substituting the values,

    ⇒                    n   = 0.1679

                         ≈ n   = 0.2 moles.            

Thus, the response above is right.

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The planet's albedo has ability to reflect light.

The planetary albedo would be the percentage of incoming solar radiation that Earth scatters back into space. The processes that control the quantity, distribution, and fluctuation of this reflected energy are crucial to the Earth's energy balance and have a significant impact on both climate including climate change.

Temperatures rise as a result of carbon dioxide, prolonging the growing season as well as raising the humidity. Each of these elements has stimulated some further plant growth. But hotter weather also stresses plants. Plants require more water to live in an extended, warmer growing season.

Therefore,  the planet's albedo has ability to reflect light.

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The molarity of the potassium hydroxide required to neutralize 60.0 mL of 0.0100 M H3PO4 is 0.02M.

The molarity of a solution can be calculated using the following formula:

CaVa = CbVb

Where;

60 × 0.0100 = 30 × Cb

0.6 = 30Cb

Cb = 0.6/30

Cb = 0.02M

Therefore, molarity of the potassium hydroxide required to neutralize 60.0 mL of 0.0100 M H3PO4 is 0.02M.

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Answer:

c warm water

Explanation:

Kinetic energy is related to temperature. The molecules in a glass of warm water have more kinetic energy (they move faster – see Racing Molecules) than the molecules in a glass of cold water. The temperature of a substance is the average* amount of kinetic energy its molecules have.

Answer:

hot water

Explanation:

The molecular solid that has the lowest boiling point is ; ( A ) One with induced dipole attractions

Induced dipole attraction is a weak dipole force of attraction that occurs whenever a polar molecule induces a dipole in a nonpolar substance thereby distablizing the electron arrangement previously present in the nonpolar substance.

Nonpolar Substances that undergoes induced dipole attraction will have its boiling point lowered due the electron arrangement destabilization it experiences.

Hence we can conclude that the molecular solid that has the lowest boiling point is One with induced dipole attractions.

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Answer: a. atoms of two or more elements

For example:H20

Explanation:

D) is a molecule

B) doesn't need to be same element

Answer: a

Explanation:

Answer:

allows us to determine what substances will float and what substances will sink when placed in a liquid

Explanation:

Generally, substances float so long as their density is less than the density of the liquid they are placed in.

The percentage of salt in the solution is 20%.

To calculate the percentage of salt in a solution, we need to divide the mass of the salt by the total mass of the solution and then multiply by 100.

Given:

Volume of water = 100 mL

Mass of salt = 25 g

To determine the total mass of the solution, we need to consider the mass of water and the mass of salt:

Total mass of solution = Mass of water + Mass of salt

Converting the volume of water from milliliters to grams, assuming the density of water is approximately 1 g/mL:

Mass of water = Volume of water * Density of water

Mass of water = 100 mL * 1 g/mL = 100 g

Total mass of solution = 100 g + 25 g = 125 g

Now we can calculate the percentage of salt in the solution:

Percentage of salt = (Mass of salt / Total mass of solution) * 100

Percentage of salt = (25 g / 125 g) * 100

Calculating:

Percentage of salt = 20%

Therefore, the percentage of salt in the solution is 20%.

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Nitrogen is the most abundant component of the atmosphere in terms of volume. This means that nitrogen makes up the largest part of the atmosphere in terms of volume compared to other components.

Nitrogen is an extremely important component of the atmosphere, making up 78% of the atmosphere in terms of volume. This means that nitrogen is the most abundant component of the atmosphere when looking at volume. This abundance of nitrogen is due to the fact that the atmosphere is made up of mostly nitrogen and oxygen. Nitrogen is used to create the majority of the air we breathe, and is essential for life on Earth. Nitrogen also plays an important role in the global climate, as it is a key component of the Earth's greenhouse gases. It helps regulate temperatures and also helps protect the planet from the damaging effects of the sun's radiation. Nitrogen is essential for all living things, making it an incredibly important component of the atmosphere.

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The transition from n = 2 to n = 5 (option 2) or from n = 5 to n = 2 (option 4) will cause the greatest amount of energy to be absorbed.

The energy absorbed by an electron transitioning between different principal energy levels in a hydrogen atom can be calculated using the formula:

\(ΔE = -13.6 eV * (1/n_final^2 - 1/n_initial^2)\)

where ΔE is the energy change, n_final is the final principal energy level, and n_initial is the initial principal energy level.

Let's calculate the energy changes for the given transitions:

n = 2 to n = 4:

\(ΔE = -13.6 eV * (1/4^2 - 1/2^2) = -13.6 eV * (1/16 - 1/4) = -13.6 eV * (1/16 - 4/16) = -13.6 eV * (-3/16) = 2.55 eV\)

n = 2 to n = 5:

\(ΔE = -13.6 eV * (1/5^2 - 1/2^2) = -13.6 eV * (1/25 - 1/4) = -13.6 eV * (4/100 - 25/100) = -13.6 eV * (-21/100) = 2.856 eV\)

n = 4 to n = 2:

\(ΔE = -13.6 eV * (1/2^2 - 1/4^2) = -13.6 eV * (1/4 - 1/16) = -13.6 eV * (4/16 - 1/16) = -13.6 eV * (3/16) = 2.55 eV\)

n = 5 to n = 2:

\(ΔE = -13.6 eV * (1/2^2 - 1/5^2) = -13.6 eV * (1/4 - 1/25) = -13.6 eV * (25/100 - 4/100) = -13.6 eV * (21/100) = 2.856 eV\)

Comparing the energy changes, we find that options 2 and 4 have the same energy change of 2.856 eV, which is greater than the energy changes for options 1 and 3 (2.55 eV).

Therefore, the transition from n = 2 to n = 5 (option 2) or from n = 5 to n = 2 (option 4) will cause the greatest amount of energy to be absorbed.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Carbon cycle explains the movement of carbon between the earth's biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. ... Carbon atoms are then released as carbon dioxide when organisms respire. The formation of fossil fuels and sedimentary rocks contribute to the carbon cycle for very long periods.

Answer:

sodium

Explanation:

Na is the symbol for sodium on the periodic table

Answer: Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na (from Latin "natrium") and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal, being in group 1 of the periodic table. Its only stable isotope is 23 Na.

Explanation:

Answer:

Chromatography is the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension or as a vapor. It's mainly used for separation and analytical study of organic and inorganic mixtures.

Hope this helps :)

Answer:

Chromatography is a laboratory technique for the separation of a mixture. The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase, which carries it through a structure holding another material called the stationary phase.

Explanation:

Answer:

\(\boxed {\boxed {\sf Electrons}}\)

Explanation:

There are 3 major subatomic particles:

Proton

Neutron

Electron

Two (protons and neutrons) of the three particles are found in the nucleus of an atom. Electrons are not, they are surrounding the nucleus.

Given :

A balanced chemical equation :

\(Zn +Cl_2->ZnCl_2\)

To Find :

How many grams of zinc are needed to produce 12 grams of zinc chloride.

Solution :

Moles of \(ZnCl_2\) ,

\(n=\dfrac{Given \ wt}{Molecular\ Mass}\\\\n =\dfrac{12}{136.30}\ mol\\\\n=0.088\ mol\)

Now, by balanced chemical equation we can say that 1 mol of Zn produce

1 mol of \(ZnCl_2\) .

So, 0.088 mol of Zn is required to produced 0.088 mol of \(ZnCl_2\) .

\(Mass \ required = molecular \ mass \times moles\\\\m = 65.38 \times 0.088\\\\m=5.8 \ gm\)

Therefore, 5.8 grams of zinc is required.

Hence, this is the required solution.

The approximate atomic radius of nickel is 1.532 × 10^(-8) cm.

In a cubic unit cell, the body diagonal length (diagonal that passes through the center of the unit cell) is equal to four times the atomic radius (4r). We can use this relationship to find the atomic radius of nickel.

Given: Edge length of the unit cell (a) = 3.524 × 10^(-8) cm

The body diagonal length is given by:

Diagonal length (d) = a√3

Substituting the given values:

d = (3.524 × 10^(-8) cm) × √3

Now, we can calculate the atomic radius (r) by dividing the diagonal length by 4:

r = d / 4

Performing the calculations:

r = [(3.524 × 10^(-8) cm) × √3] / 4

r ≈ (3.524 × 10^(-8) cm) × (1.732 / 4)

r ≈ 1.532 × 10^(-8) cm

Therefore, the approximate atomic radius of nickel is 1.532 × 10^(-8) cm.

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Answer:

B. Increase the mass of one of the objects.

E. Decrease the distance between the objects.

Explanation:

To effect an increase in the gravitational force between two objects, the mass of both objects should be increased and the distance between them reduced.

This is derived from the Newton's law of universal gravitation:

Therefore, if the mass of the two bodies are increased and the distance between them reduced, the gravitational force of attraction will increase.

Answer:

E. Decrease the distance between the objects

B. Increase the mass of one of the objects

Explanation:

Answer:

b

Explanation:

The atomic number tells us all of the following except B. The order in which the elements were discovered.

The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. The number of protons outline the identity of detail (i.e., an element with 6 protons is a carbon atom, no matter how many neutrons may be present).

The atomic variety helps human beings discover factors in step with the variety of protons one atom of the element has. It essentially defines the element. while having a neutral rate, it also offers the variety of electrons the detail has (in one atom). while isotopes are a component, it would not completely exchange the atom.

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The correct statement is a. Reaction (8) needs to be reversed.

In order to solve for reaction (7), we need to manipulate reaction (8) in a way that allows us to cancel out the unwanted products and reactants. By reversing reaction (8), we get:

MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l) → MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq)

Now, we can combine this reversed reaction with reaction (7) to cancel out the unwanted products and reactants:

Mg(s) + ½ O2(g) + MgCl2(aq) + H2O(l) → MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq) + MgO(s) + 2HCl(aq)

After canceling out the unwanted products and reactants, we are left with reaction (7):

Mg(s) + ½ O2(g) → MgO(s)

Therefore, the correct manipulation of reaction (8) is to reverse it in order to solve for reaction (7).

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Answer:

this is your answer hope it will help you

1. The answer is 84 g. To solve this problem, you first need to calculate the moles of CrS in the solution. Since the given concentration is 0.66 M, you can multiply this by the volume of the solution (1750 mL) to get 1155 moles.

Mole is a fundamental unit used to measure properties in chemistry. It is defined as the number of atoms in 12 grams of pure carbon-12, which is numerically equivalent to 6.022 x 10²³ atoms. This number is known as Avogadro's Constant. Molar mass is the mass of a given substance, measured in grams, divided by the number of moles of the substance present. It can also be used to describe the amount of a chemical in a given volume, such as the amount of a gas in liters.

You can then use the molar mass of CrS (52 grams for Cr + 32 grams for S = 84 grams) to calculate the mass of CrS in the solution, which is equal to 1155 x 84 = 97,020 grams or 97 g.

2. 1.4L.

To solve this problem you use the equation

M₁V₁=M₂V₂.

Doing the math, you get (14M)(60mL)=(0.15M)(V₂).

Solving for V₂ yields V₂=1.4L.

3. The formula for dilution of a solution is M₁V₁=M₂V₂. This involves rearranging the equation to solve for M₂ (the concentration after dilution). To do this, you need to divide both sides of the equation by V1 (the initial volume in this case, 50 mL):

\(\frac{M_1}{V_1}\) = \(\frac{M_2}{V_2}\) Plugging the values into the equation:

\(\frac{16M}{50ml}\)= \(\frac{M_2}{750ml}\)

Cross-multiplying and simplifying: M₂ = 750mL x 16M/50 mL

M₂ = 0.67M

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Answer:

examples include ice cubes in a drink, sand and water, and salt and oil.

Answer:

Let's look at another example: 3/4 is the same as 6/8. How do you know this to be true? The proof is in the pie chart diagram. The top circle has 3 out of the 4 parts shaded in. The bottom circle has 6 of the 8 parts shaded in. However, both fractions refer to the same part of the circle.

You can check your results by dividing. Here, both the numerator (6) and the denominator (8) are divisible by 2.

Finding 2nd Fraction Numerators

What would happen if a numerator were missing? Well, if you're given two fractions and told that they are equivalent fractions, you can find the missing numerator using multiplication or division.

In all equivalent fractions, both the numerator and denominator of the first fraction can be multiplied by the same number to get the numerator and denominator of the second fraction.

Say one of the numerators was missing from those pie chart equations:

3 / 4 = x / 8

You can see that there is an x alongside one of the numerators. That represents the number you are trying to find.

The answer lies in discovering what the first denominator can be multiplied by to get the other denominator. You might be good enough at your times tables to know that 4 times 2 is 8. But you can also check this number by dividing the denominator (8) by the denominator (4), which equals 2.

To calculate the van't Hoff factor, you need to divide the experimental molar conductivity of the electrolyte by the theoretical molar conductivity (calculated from the sum of the molar conductivities of the individual ions in the electrolyte). The result will give you the van't Hoff factor.

To calculate the van't Hoff factor (i) for an electrolyte solution, you need to know the number of ions that are produced when the electrolyte dissolves in water. The van't Hoff factor is the ratio of the moles of particles in solution to the moles of solute dissolved.

For example, if you dissolve one mole of NaCl in water, it will dissociate into two ions (Na+ and Cl-). Therefore, the van't Hoff factor for NaCl would be 2. However, not all electrolytes will dissociate completely in water. For partially dissociated electrolytes, the van't Hoff factor will be less than the total number of ions that can be produced.

To calculate the van't Hoff factor, you need to divide the experimental molar conductivity of the electrolyte by the theoretical molar conductivity (calculated from the sum of the molar conductivities of the individual ions in the electrolyte). The result will give you the van't Hoff factor.

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The half length of the circular contact patch between the steel ball and the flat plane is approximately 0.0050 inches.

To calculate the half length of the circular contact patch between the steel ball and the flat plane, we can use the Hertzian contact theory. This theory provides a relationship between the applied force, the radius of curvature of the bodies, and the contact area.

First, let's convert the force from pounds to Newtons. 1 pound is approximately equal to 4.44822 Newtons. Therefore, the force applied is approximately 133.4466 Newtons.

The radius of the steel ball is half of its diameter, which is 0.5 inches or 0.0127 meters.

The elastic modulus of the steel ball is given as 30 Mpsi, which is equivalent to 206.843 GPa. The elastic modulus of the flat plane is given as 15 Mpsi, which is equivalent to 103.4215 GPa.

The Poisson's ratio of both materials is given as 0.3.

Using the Hertzian contact theory formula for the contact radius, we have:

R = (3F / (4E_eff))^⅓ * (1 - ν^2)^(⅓)

Where:

By substitute we get:

R = (3 * 133.4466 / (4 * ((206.843 + 103.4215) / 2)))^⅓ * (1 - 0.3^2)^(⅓)

Simplifying the equation, we find:

R ≈ 0.0101 meters

Since we are looking for the half length of the circular contact patch, we divide the contact radius by 2:

Half length ≈ 0.0101 / 2 ≈ 0.0050 meters

Converting the result back to inches, we have:

Half length ≈ 0.0050 inches

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Answer:

Explanation:Destructive interference occurs when the maxima of two waves are 180 degrees out of phase: a positive displacement of one wave is cancelled exactly by a negative displacement of the other wave. The amplitude of the resulting wave is zero.

If two waves that are completely out phase if meet they results in destructive interference. Hence, their intensities decreases for the resultant wave.

A wave of greater, lower, or the same amplitude is created when two waves merge through interference by combining their displacements at all points in space and time.

The interaction of waves that are coherent or correlated with one another, either because they originate from the same source or because their frequencies are similar or almost identical, leads to both constructive and destructive interference.

All sorts of waves, including light, radio, acoustic, surface water waves, gravity waves, and matter waves, can exhibit interference effects. In constructive interference, the waves are in single phase forms a resultant wave with higher amplitude.

When waves from out of phase meets, the resultant wave will have an amplitude less than the individual amplitudes.

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