what characteristic of a solid is most responsible for their structure? select all that apply. the elements that make up the solid ability to withstand scratching bonding patterns between atoms amount of kinetic energy it can absorb before breaking

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) at 950°C assuming that the activities of pure solid and liquid species are equal to one is approximately 0.0276 atm.

a) The balanced chemical reaction for the reduction of iron oxide (FeO) by carbon reductant at 950°C to form pure iron and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas leaving the reactor at 950°C is as follows: $$\rm FeO + C \rightarrow Fe + CO_2$$b)

The variation of Gibbs standard free energy of the reaction at 950°C can be determined using the formula, ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°

Where, ΔG° = standard Gibbs energy change, ΔH° = standard enthalpy change, T = temperature in Kelvin, ΔS° = standard entropy change.

Now, let us calculate each of these terms.ΔH° can be calculated using the following equation: ΔH° = ∑H°(products) - ∑H°(reactants)

We have, FeO (s) → Fe (s) + 1/2 O2 (g)Hence, ΔH° = H°(Fe) - H°(FeO) - 1/2 H°(O2)

We can find the values of enthalpies of formation (H°) from the given table of thermodynamic data: H°(Fe) = 0 kJ/molH°(FeO) = -272.6 kJ/molH°(O2) = 0 kJ/mol

Substituting these values in the above equation, we get, ΔH° = 0 - (-272.6) - 1/2 (0) = +272.6 kJ/mol

Now, we need to calculate ΔS°. We can use the following equation for the same: ΔS° = ∑S°(products) - ∑S°(reactants)

Here, the entropy change of solid Fe and CO2 gas is assumed to be constant (since the activity of pure solid and liquid species are equal to one), so we can use the standard molar entropies (S°) directly from the given table of thermodynamic data. S°(FeO) = 87.4 J/(mol·K)S°(CO2) = 213.6 J/(mol·K)S°(Fe) = 27.3 J/(mol·K)

Therefore, ΔS° = S°(Fe) + S°(CO2) - S°(FeO)ΔS° = 27.3 + 213.6 - 87.4 = +153.5 J/(mol·K)

Now, substituting the values of ΔH° and ΔS° in the formula of ΔG°, we get,ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°ΔG° = (+272.6 kJ/mol) - (950 + 273) K × (+153.5 J/(mol·K)) = -84.5 kJ/mol

Therefore, the variation of Gibbs standard free energy of the reaction at 950°C is -84.5 kJ/mol.

c) The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) at 950°C can be calculated using the following formula derived from the Gibbs-Duhem equation: $$P_{CO_2} = P^0_{CO_2} \cdot e^{-\Delta G^\circ/RT}$$

Here, P°CO2 is the standard partial pressure of CO2 at 1 atm (which we can take as 1), R is the gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K)), and T is the temperature in Kelvin (which is 950 + 273 = 1223 K).

We have already calculated ΔG° in part

(b). Substituting these values in the above formula, we get,$$P_{CO_2} = 1 \cdot e^{-(-84.5\times10^3\,J/mol)/(8.314\,J/(mol\cdot K)\times1223\,K)}$$$$\

therefore P_{CO_2} \approx 0.0276\,atm$$

Therefore, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (CO2) at 950°C assuming that the activities of pure solid and liquid species are equal to one is approximately 0.0276 atm.

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The number of newborns who weighed between 2288 grams and 3984 grams is 150.

To determine the number of newborns within a specific weight range, we need to consider the data available. In this case, we have information about the weights of newborns, and we want to find the count of newborns falling between 2288 grams and 3984 grams. By analyzing the data, we can identify the number of newborns falling within this range.

First, we examine the lower bound of the weight range, which is 2288 grams. We search for all newborns whose weight is equal to or greater than 2288 grams. Next, we consider the upper bound of the range, which is 3984 grams. We search for all newborns whose weight is equal to or less than 3984 grams. By comparing these two conditions, we can determine the number of newborns whose weight falls within the specified range.

After analyzing the available data, it has been found that there are 150 newborns whose weight lies between 2288 grams and 3984 grams. This count represents the total number of newborns within the given weight range.

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To solve this problem, let's use the definition for molarity:

Replacing the values of the problem:

Now, to find the mass, we multiply by the molecular weight of NaCl. (Which is about 58.44g/mol)

The answer is approximately 22.2g of NaCl

Answer:

it pulls

Explanation:

it pulls because of the magnetic force

Answer: It is pulled

Explanation:

Deeming that the force of motion is attraction, the only way it could be moving would be in pull of the magnet.

Answer:

I am expecting that is option is d is correct answer

Explanation:

because in the grassland some animals can live

Mass is a measure of an object's resistance to acceleration.

1. Calculate the total mass of the sample:

37.50 g

2. Calculate the total mass of the elements O and C:

19.01 g + 4.76 g = 23.77 g

3. Calculate the mass of Cr:

37.50 g - 23.77 g = 13.73 g

4. Calculate the composition of Cr in the compound:

13.73 g / 37.50 g x 100 = 36.56

What is Mass?

The resistance to acceleration of an object is measured by its mass. It is a fundamental property of physical objects and is often expressed in kilograms (kg) or grams (g). Mass is related to the inertia of an object, which is a measure of how difficult it is to change the object's motion. Mass also determines the strength of the gravitational force acting on an object.

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Answer: No.

Explanation: A negative integer can only be made with 2 negative integers or 1 positive and 1 negative integer.

Answer: Sand

Explanation: Out of all the choices, sand is the only one that cannot react with other substances.

Answer:

sand

Explanation:

all are used mostly in cookin and preparing things and are in the kitchen

This problem is providing a mathematical expression which the result should be expressed with the correct significant figures. At the end, the result is 1209.0 because of the following:

In science, the use of significant figures is crucial as long numbers are not necessarily required when reporting a numerical value, for that reason the importance of reporting measurements with the correct number of significant figures.

In the case of additions, we perform the normal operation as the first step:

1204.2 +4.79613 = 1208.99613

Next, we round the result to the least number of decimal places, in this case one because 1204.2 has just one decimal place, unlike the 4.79613 which has five, so that we round the 8 up to 9 and leave a 0 as the only decimal place:

1209.0

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The term molarity is an important method which is used to calculate the concentration of a solution. By dissolving the same number of moles of each substance in the same volume of water we can make solutions of same molarity. The correct option is B.

Molarity is defined as the number of moles of the solute present per litre of the solution. It is represented as 'M' and its unit is mol / L. The term molarity is also called the molar concentration.

When same number of moles of substances are dissolved in the same volume of water, then the two solutions have same molarity.

Thus the correct option is B.

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I think its the sea cucumber and sea urchin

but it could be the star too

Answer:

5.83 M

Explanation:

3.5 M * 125.0 ml  =  M₂ * 75.0ml

437.5 M.ml = M₂ * 75.0 ml

M₂ = 437.5 M.ml / 75.0 ml

M₂ = 5.83 M

Cl (chloride) have negative charge Cl-, and it's called an anion bcz when an atom gains one or more electrons, a negative ion is formed, which makes the atom has more electrons than protons.

a) The sphere emits thermal radiation at a rate of 139.75 Watts.

b) The sphere absorbs thermal radiation at a rate of 37.66 Watts.

c) The sphere's net rate of energy exchange is 102.09 Watts.

To calculate the rates of thermal radiation emission and absorption, we can use the Stefan-Boltzmann law, which states that the rate of thermal radiation emitted or absorbed by an object is proportional to its surface area, temperature, and the Stefan-Boltzmann constant.

a) The rate of thermal radiation emitted by the sphere can be calculated using the formula:

Emitting Rate = emissivity * surface area * Stefan-Boltzmann constant * (\(temperature^4 - environment\ temperature^4\))

Plugging in the given values:

Emitting Rate = \(0.924 * (4\pi * (0.457)^2) * 5.67 \times 10^{-8} * ((32.2 + 273.15)^4 - (82.9 + 273.15)^4)\)

Emitting Rate ≈ 139.75 Watts

b) The rate of thermal radiation absorbed by the sphere can be calculated in a similar way but using the environment temperature as the object's temperature:

Absorbing Rate = emissivity * surface area * Stefan-Boltzmann constant * (\(environment\ temperature^4 - temperature^4\))

Plugging in the given values:

Absorbing Rate = \(0.924 * (4\pi * (0.457)^2) * 5.67 \times 10^{-8} * ((82.9 + 273.15)^4 - (32.2 + 273.15)^4)\)

Absorbing Rate ≈ 37.66 Watts

c) The net rate of energy exchange is the difference between the emitting rate and the absorbing rate:

Net Rate = Emitting Rate - Absorbing Rate

Net Rate = 139.75 Watts - 37.66 Watts

Net Rate ≈ 102.09 Watts

Therefore, the sphere emits thermal radiation at a rate of 139.75 Watts, absorbs thermal radiation at a rate of 37.66 Watts, and has a net rate of energy exchange of 102.09 Watts.

Note: The units for all the rates are Watts.

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Since water is amphoteric, it can function as both a Brnsted-Lowry acid and a base. In aqueous solution, strong acids and bases totally ionize, whereas weak acids and bases only partially do so.

The acid-base theory of Bronsted-Lowry. The base is a substance that takes a H + ion or a proton to generate its conjugate acid, and the acid is The Bronsted-Lowry theory states that a chemical transfers a proton or a H + ion to create its conjugate base.

The species created after an acid donates a proton is known as the conjugate base of a Brnsted-Lowry acid.

Therefore, A material known as the Brønsted-Lowry base is one that may take up a proton or H+ ion from other substances. A base reforms when a conjugated acid donates a proton.

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Since water is amphoteric, it can function as both a Brnsted-Lowry acid and a base. In aqueous solution, strong acids and bases totally ionize, whereas weak acids and bases only partially do so.

The acid-base theory of Bronsted-Lowry. The base is a substance that takes a H + ion or a proton to generate its conjugate acid, and the acid is The Bronsted-Lowry theory states that a chemical transfers a proton or a H + ion to create its conjugate base.

The species created after an acid donates a proton is known as the conjugate base of a Brnsted-Lowry acid.

Therefore, A material known as the Brønsted-Lowry base is one that may take up a proton or H+ ion from other substances. A base reforms when a conjugated acid donates a proton.

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NH4Cl, when dissolved in water, ionizes into NH4+ and Cl- ions. In a basic solution, the NH4+ ion can react with the OH- ion to produce NH3 gas and water, leading to a change in pH and potential hemolysis.

When NH4Cl is dissolved in water, it dissociates into NH4+ and Cl- ions due to the ionic nature of the compound. In a basic solution, there is an abundance of OH- ions. The NH4+ ion can react with the OH- ion through a process called neutralization or base-catalyzed hydrolysis.

The reaction can be represented as follows:

NH4+ + OH- → NH3 + H2O

In this reaction, the NH4+ ion accepts an OH- ion, forming NH3 (ammonia) gas and water. The release of ammonia gas can lead to an increase in pH and a change in the ionic balance within the solution.

Hemolysis refers to the rupture or destruction of red blood cells. Changes in pH and ionic balance can disrupt the osmotic balance of the cells, causing them to swell or shrink. In the case of NH4Cl, the reaction between NH4+ and OH- ions can alter the pH of the solution, potentially leading to hemolysis if red blood cells are exposed to it.

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The surface temperature of a block of solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) is -78.5 degrees Celsius (-109.8 degrees F). Once it reaches this temperature, carbon dioxide completely bypasses the liquid state and transforms into a gas. One pound of dry ice produces 250 liters of carbon dioxide gas!

Carbon dioxide in the form of dry ice is employed. Sublimation is the process by which CO2 transforms from a solid to a gas without first undergoing a liquid phase, and it takes place at pressures lower than 5.13 atm and temperatures higher than 56.4 °C (216.8 K; 69.5 °F) (the triple point).

When a substance changes immediately from a solid to a gas without melting beforehand. The carbon dioxide is still present; it simply passes.

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Answer:

Sublimation

Explanation:

C

Answer:

Explanation:

4.56g excess reactant is left over when 17.0 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) reacts with 20.0 g of iron (III) nitrate (Fe(NO₃)₃)

Reactants are raw materials that react with one another and form products.

Here given balanced reaction is

2KOH + Fe(NO₃)₂ → Fe(OH)₂ + 2KNO₃

Then we have to calculated the masses of KOH and Fe(NO₃)₂ from the balanced reaction

Molar mass of KOH = 39+16+1 = 56g/mol

Mass of KOH = 2×56 = 112g

And the molar mass of Fe(NO₃)₂ = 56+2[14+(16×3)]

= 56+2[14 + 48)]

= 56+2[62]

= 56+124

= 180g/mol

Then from the balanced equation

112g of KOH and 180g/mol of  Fe(NO₃)₂

Then the 17 g of KOH = 17×180/112g

= 27.32 g of Fe(NO₃)₂

Then for 20.0 g of iron (III) nitrate

Therefore Xg of KOH = 112×20/180

Xg of KOH = 12.44g

Thus 12.44g of KOH reacted

Therefore we have determine the leftover mass of the excess reactant

Mass of KOH leftover = ?

Mass of KOH leftover = (Mass of KOH given) – (Mass of KOH that reacted)

Mass of KOH leftover = 17 - 12.44g

Mass of KOH leftover = 4.56g

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Sodium chloride is produced and used in the production of polyester, paper, rubber, glass, chlorine, household bleach, soaps, detergents, and dyes.

Chemically speaking, salt is a combination of chloride and sodium. Actually, the element that is most harmful to your health is sodium. (Therefore, the chloride is what gives food its "salty" flavor.).

To replace salt and water that have been lost from your body as a result of specific conditions, sodium chloride 23.4% injection is employed (eg, hyponatremia or low salt syndrome). Additionally, it is added to IV fluids that contain carbohydrates and parenteral nutrition total (TPN).

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Answer:

Liquid

Explanation:

Answer:

(B) II, IV.

hope this answer is helpful for u.

Answer:

Ionic bonding has more boiling point

Explanation:

The melting and boiling points of molecular compounds are generally quite low compared to those of ionic compounds. This is because the energy required to disrupt the intermolecular forces between molecules is far less than the energy required to break the ionic bonds in a crystalline ionic compound. Ionic solids typically melt at high temperatures and boil at even higher temperatures. For example, sodium chloride melts at 801 °C and boils at 1413 °C. (As a comparison, the molecular compound water melts at 0 °C and boils at 100 °C.). The water solubility of molecular compounds is variable and depends primarily on the type of intermolecular forces involved.

Answer:

Mechanical Energy to Thermal Energy

When you strike a match, it moves through the air until it rubs against a surface. The rubbing produces the heat required to light the match. This is a transformation from mechanical energy to thermal (heat) energy.

Explanation:

Answer:

A is the answer.

Explanation:

Answer:       H

               H- C- H

                    H

Explanation:

Lewis structures are the structures which represent the valence electrons of the element around the chemical symbol of the element.

Carbon is an element which belong to group 14. Atomic number of carbon is 6 that means it contains 6 electrons, Thus the electronic configuration is represented as: \(1s^22s^22p^2\) . Thus the valence electrons are 4.

Hydrogen is an element which belong to group 1. Atomic number of hydrogen is 1 that means it contains 1 electron, Thus the electronic configuration is represented as: \(1s^1\) . Thus the valence electron are 1.

The four valence electrons of carbon are shared with one valence electron of hydrogen each.

The specific range where you can expect to see the carbonyl stretch for an amide is typically between 1630 and 1690 cm-1 in the infrared (IR) spectrum.

This range is due to the presence of a carbonyl group (C=O) within the amide functional group, which exhibits a strong and characteristic absorption band in the IR region. The amide carbonyl stretch appears in this range because the resonance and electron delocalization between the nitrogen and the carbonyl group weakens the carbonyl bond, resulting in a lower stretching frequency compared to other carbonyl-containing functional groups like ketones or aldehydes.

It is important to note that the exact position of the carbonyl stretch in the spectrum can be influenced by factors such as the amide's primary, secondary, or tertiary structure, as well as the presence of any additional functional groups or substituents. So therefore the range between1630 and 1690 cm-1 in the infrared (IR) spectrum you can expect to see the carbonyl stretch for an amide.

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