what are light reaction and dark reaction of photosynthesis?

USCOCO offers clothing made with Mentrech, a fabric that supports moisture and retains heat from the body. The clothing is very lightweight while still keeping people warm. No other store can match Heattech.

Heattech is a proprietary technology developed by the Japanese company Uniqlo. This technology incorporates special fibers into clothing that trap heat and retain it, providing warmth without adding bulk. The clothing is also moisture-wicking, which means it keeps the wearer dry by pulling sweat away from the body and onto the outer surface of the fabric.USCOCO's clothing made with Mentrech fabric offers similar benefits to Uniqlo's Heattech technology. Mentrech is a fabric that is also designed to trap heat and keep people warm while remaining lightweight. It also supports moisture, which means it wicks sweat away from the body, keeping people dry.

USCOCO's clothing made with Mentrech fabric is an excellent alternative to Uniqlo's Heattech technology. The fabric provides similar benefits of moisture-wicking and heat retention while remaining lightweight. This makes USCOCO's clothing comfortable and easy to wear while still keeping the wearer warm.

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Answer:

last one

Explanation:

because they have no nucleus of any membrane bound organelles

Epinephrine activates glycogen phosphorylase in skeletal muscle cells but not adipose cells due to the differential expression of specific receptors and signaling pathways in these cell types.

Skeletal muscle cells express β-adrenergic receptors, while adipose cells predominantly express α2-adrenergic receptors. These receptors activate different intracellular signaling cascades, resulting in distinct cellular responses.

In skeletal muscle cells, binding of epinephrine to β-adrenergic receptors activates the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway. This leads to the activation of protein kinase A (PKA), which phosphorylates and activates glycogen phosphorylase. Active glycogen phosphorylase then catalyzes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose-1-phosphate, providing a fuel source for muscle contraction.

In contrast, adipose cells primarily express α2-adrenergic receptors. Activation of these receptors leads to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase and a decrease in cAMP levels. This results in reduced PKA activity and subsequent suppression of glycogen phosphorylase activation. As a result, epinephrine does not stimulate glycogen breakdown in adipose cells.

Overall, the differential expression of adrenergic receptors and downstream signaling pathways in skeletal muscle cells and adipose cells explains why epinephrine selectively activates glycogen phosphorylase in skeletal muscle but not in adipose tissue.

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Answer:

enzyme I'm pretty sure Goodluck

Answer:

Magma is formed when hot liquid comes from the earth's core into the cold crust of the Earth. When this liquid solidifies it loses heat to the surrounding crust and begins to melt the surrounding rock.

Sediments are formed when magma rises to Earth's surface from a volcanic eruption where the magma cools into igneous rock. On the surface, weathering and erosion break down the igneous rock into pebbles, sand, and mud, creating sediment, which accumulates in basins on the Earth's surface.

When sediment becomes compacted and cemented together it forms a type of rock called sedimentary rock

Grass : producer

Mouse & Deer : primary consumers

fox : predator or secondary consumers

Lion & Eagle : Tertiary consumers

Answer:

producers;grass

primary: deer and rabbit

hawk and fox are next in the chain

and mountain lion is the predator

Explanation:

its a simple food chain

For every adenine on one strand of DNA, there is a thymine on the opposing strand of DNA. For every cytosine on one strand of DNA, there is a guanine on the opposing strand of DNA. This is because DNA strands are complementary with each other.

The hereditary substance in humans and almost all other organisms is DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. Almost every cell in a person's body contains the same DNA. The majority of DNA is found in the cell nucleus (where it is known as nuclear DNA), but a small amount can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). Mitochondria are cell structures that convert food energy into a state that cells can use.

DNA stores information as a code composed of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Human DNA is made up of approximately 3 billion bases, with more than 99 percent of those bases being the same in all people.

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Answer:

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo. Human embryos reach the blastocyst stage 4–5 days post fertilization, at which time they consist of 50–150 cells.

Explanation:

 Adult Stem Cells  

Embryonic Stem Cells      

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells      

Pros

Trans differentiate and and reprogramming of these cells is possible but is not well studied

Thought to be less likely to be rejected if used in transplants

Success has already been demonstrated in various clinical applications  

Can maintain and grow for 1 year or more in culture

Established protocols for maintenance in culture

ESCs are pluripotent cells that can generate most cell types

By studying ESCs, more can be learned about the process of development

Abundant somatic cells of donor can be used

Issues of histocompatibility with donor/recipient transplants can be avoided

Very useful for drug development and developmental studies

Information learned from the “reprogramming” process may be transferable for in vivo therapies to reprogram damaged or diseased cells/tissues  

Cons

Limitations on ASC ability to differentiate are still uncertain; currently thought to be multi or unipotent.

Cannot be grown for long periods of time in culture

Usually a very small number in each tissue making them difficult to find and purify

Currently there is no technology available to generate large quantities of stem cells in culture

Process to generate ESC lines is inefficient

Unsure whether they would be rejected if used in transplants.

Therapies using ESC avenues are largely new and much more research and testing is needed

If used directly from the ESC undifferentiated culture prep for tissue transplants, they can cause tumors (teratomas) or cancer development    

Methods for ensured reproducibility and maintenance, as differentiated tissues are not certain.

Viruses are currently used to introduce embryonic genes and has been shown to cause cancers in mouse studies    

The discovery of fish fossils in the arid deserts of western Egypt by paleontologists indicates that this area's geologic past was probably covered by an ancient sea.

Fossils are the physical remains of ancient organisms that have been preserved in rock or sediment over time. They are significant because they provide important information about the history of life on Earth and how it has evolved over millions of years.

Paleontologists are scientists who specialize in the study of fossils. They examine fossils to learn more about the organisms that once lived on Earth and how they interacted with their environment.

The discovery of fish fossils in the arid deserts of western Egypt by paleontologists indicates that this area's geologic past was probably covered by an ancient sea. This suggests that the region was once located near a coast or was at the bottom of an ocean.

The presence of fish fossils also suggests that this area was rich in aquatic life and may have been an important breeding ground for fish and other marine animals. This is supported by the fact that many of the fossils found in this area are well-preserved and contain a wealth of information about the environment in which they lived.

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Answer:

Explanation: option 1 . adds CO2 to the earth's atmosphere is the correct answer.

since fossil fules are rich in carbon dioxide wich is a green house gas .

effects the atmosphere and causes global warming.

The correct answer is option C.

The ligation product that will NOT yield a colony when transformed into E. coli is the "Re-ligated Plasmids."

Re-ligated plasmids refer to plasmids that have been circularized without the insertion of any foreign DNA. In this case, there is no additional DNA sequence present to provide a selectable marker or any other functional element required for bacterial growth and survival.

Consequently, E. coli cells transformed with re-ligated plasmids will not be able to replicate and form colonies under selective conditions. In contrast, plasmids with an insert, plasmids with multiple inserts, or multiple inserts ligated together will contain the necessary DNA sequences for colony formation and can be successfully transformed into E. coli.


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Answer:

“Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells.

Answer:

X chromosomes.........

Answer:X chromosomes

Explanation:

Turner syndrome, a condition that affects only females, results when one of the X chromosomes  is missing or partially missing. Turner syndrome can cause a variety of medical and developmental problems, including short height, failure of the ovaries to develop, and heart defects.

Answer:

Using this technique, which they termed 'chemical amputation', the team induced lesions in planaria and investigated which genes were activated over the course of the regeneration process. The pharynx lacks neoblasts, but cells near the wound quickly start dividing and regenerate the amputated organ.

The steps which are involved when a planarian needs to generate new cells include the different stages of regeneration.

Regeneration in the planarians depends on the presence of stem cells called as neoblasts. These newly formed cells are distributed throughout the body and, when part of the worm has been amputated, these parts are activated to reform the tissues which have been removed.

Planarians also use this extraordinary regenerative ability to reproduce asexually. Through the process of transverse fissions, planarians which anchor their tails and also essentially pull themselves apart from each other, resulting in two fragments which include one head and one tail that will regenerate into two genetically identical worms.

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Answer:

vggg

Explanation:

Answer:

Photosynthesis is a physio-chemical process by which green plants use light energy to drive the synthesis of organic compounds. It is an enzyme regulated anabolic process.

Explanation:

Answer:

During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) from the air and soil. ... This transforms the water into oxygen and the carbon dioxide into glucose. The plant then releases the oxygen back into the air, and stores energy within the glucose molecules.

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Competition limits population size. Imagine 7 animals fighting over 2 meals. This creates competition and some will not be fed.

Answer:

I believe is B

Explanation:

cycling substance is a pathway the chemical substance moves through biotic and abiotic compartments.

in this case, genes type of biodiversity is important.

The research of genes, genetic mutation, and hereditary factors in organisms is known as genetics. It is an important branch of biology because heredity is essential to the evolution of organisms. Gregor Mendel, a Moorish Roman catholic friar operating in Brno in the mid-1800s, was the first person to perform science studies on genetics. Genetics has its roots in the development of evolutionary theories. Following Charles Darwin and Wallace's research, the origin of species and how species variability was developed in 1858.Biodiversity is the variety of daily existence which can be discovered in a particular region, such as living creatures, plants, microorganisms, and even microorganisms such as bacteria. Almost all of these species and microbes work collaboratively in ecologies to keep the balance and sustain life, similar to an intricate web.

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The enzyme class not found in the citric acid cycle is the ligase. It plays a crucial role in the generation of energy by oxidizing acetyl-CoA, derived from various fuel sources, to produce ATP.

The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is a central metabolic pathway that occurs in the mitochondria of cells. Among the given enzyme classes, the ligase is not found in the citric acid cycle. Ligases are enzymes involved in the process of ligating, which refers to the joining of two molecules through the formation of a covalent bond. Ligases catalyze reactions that require the input of energy, typically in the form of ATP, to join molecules together. In contrast, the citric acid cycle primarily involves enzymes from other classes, including hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, and oxidoreductases. These enzymes participate in reactions such as hydrolysis, cleavage of bonds, rearrangements, and oxidation-reduction reactions, which are essential for the progression of the cycle and the generation of energy-rich molecules like NADH and FADH2. Therefore, the ligase enzyme class is not found in the citric acid cycle, as its function is not directly involved in the reactions of this metabolic pathway.

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Given what we know about muscarinic receptors, we can confirm that the activation of these receptors will result in an increase in heart rate.

Muscarinic receptors are also often referred to as acetylcholine receptors. These are membrane receptors that tend to form G protein-coupled complexes. Though the activation of these receptors will not increase the heart rate in a direct fashion, it will do so indirectly through its interaction with acetylcholine molecules.

Acetylcholine is a very common molecule in the human body. This molecule plays the role of a neurotransmitter, meaning its job is to send signals to other cells, like in this case muscle cells in the heart.

This organic chemical signals the heart muscles to contract at slower speeds, thus decreasing heart rate. The activation of Muscarinic receptors inhibits these Acetylcholine molecules, stopping their signal and causing the heart rate to increase.

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Answer: c is the correct answer

Explanation:

Explanation:

OA. The water that covers over 70% of the Earth's surface stabilizes the weather and climate of the Earth.

Water's high specific heat helps to regulate the temperature of the Earth's oceans, which in turn affects the temperature and climate of the planet. This is because water can absorb a large amount of heat without a significant increase in temperature, and it can release that heat slowly over time. As a result, the Earth's oceans act as a "heat sink," absorbing excess heat from the atmosphere during warm periods and releasing heat during cold periods. This helps to stabilize the temperature of the planet and makes it more hospitable for life.

Answer:

A saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all or predominantly single bonds. A fat is made of two kinds of smaller molecules: glycerol and fatty acids. Fats are made of long chains of carbon atoms. Some carbon atoms are linked by single bonds and others are linked by double bonds. Double bonds can react with hydrogen to form single bonds. They are called saturated because the second bond is broken and each half of the bond is attached to a hydrogen atom.

Explanation:

Answer:

saturated fats consists of single covalent bond and they are solid at room temperature and their melting point increases with increasing chain length

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Explanation:

Solution:

Advantages of solar appliances:

- Renewable Energy Source

- The ecological footprint is much smaller since greenhouse gases are not generated, since coal burning is not used.

- Reduces Electricity Bills

- Diverse Applications: solar energy can be used to produce electricity in areas without access to the power grid, distill water in regions with limited clean water supplies, and power satellites in space.

- Low Maintenance Costs: Most solar panel manufacturers offer a 20-25 years warranty. Solar power systems only need to be relatively clean.

There are no moving parts, there is no wear. The inverter is usually the only part that needs to be changed after 5-10 years. It works continuously to convert solar energy into electricity and heat (solar PV vs. solar thermal).

Disadvantages of solar appliances:

- The initial cost of purchasing a solar system is fairly high.

- Weather-Dependent: Solar panels are dependent on sunlight to effectively gather solar energy. Therefore, a few cloudy, rainy days can have a noticeable effect on the energy system.

- Solar Energy Storage Is Expensive: the batteries, used in off-the-grid solar systems, can be charged during the day so that the energy is used at night. This is batteries are expensive.