Fluorine is a diatomic molecular. It is classed as a molecular crystalline solid.
Crystalline solid
The solid material is said to be crystalline or crystallized if its atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure to create an all-pervasive crystal lattice. Macroscopic single crystals can also be recognized by their geometrical shape, which consists of flat faces with distinctive, distinguishing orientations. Crystallography is the name given to the study of crystals and their production in science. Crystallization or solidification refers to the process of crystal growth through processes.
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A student states that a graduated cylinder contains 150 mL of water the statement is
Answer:
Explanation:
An Observation
What is the male sex cell that results from meiosis?
Answer: B) Sperm
Explanation: For lazy gang wya Lol
Which part of the scientific process is a proposed answer to a question?
1. observation
2. experiment
3. hypothesis
4. results
Scientific processes are the steps that are done to research and draw conclusions. The results of the experiments are the proposed answer to a question. Thus, option 4 is correct.
What are the steps of the scientific process?The scientific process initiates when there is a question that needs to answer and presented with observations and facts. It includes defining the question and making observations.
From the observations, the hypothesis is formed and an experiment is designed and conducted. From the research, the conclusion and the results are drawn.
Therefore, option 4. the proposed answer is called the result.
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Answer:
Hypothesis
Explanation:
Hypothesis is an educated guess as to what the answer to the question is.
(*) Sorry for my late answer but I hope this helps others that are looking for this.
I got 100% ;)
In calculating the mass of an atom the mass of the electrons is essentially
Answer:
Sex
Explanation:
The three-dimensional structure of the potassium channel provided a rationale for the selectivity of potassium ions and the rejection of sodium ions. Which of the following is the basis for the ability of the potassium channel to discriminate between these two ions?
A. The sodium ion is too small to pass through the channel.
B. The opening of the channel is structurally arranged such that potassium ions can bind, but is too small for sodium ions.
C. A restriction in the channel allows for potassium ions to be resolvated by protein ligands but is too large to effectively resolvate sodium ions.
D. The restriction of the channel desolvates sodium ions but not potassium ions.
The basis for the ability of the potassium channel to discriminate between these two ions is the restriction of the channel desolvates sodium ions but not potassium ions. The correct answer is D.
The selectivity filter of the potassium channel is a narrow pore that is lined with protein carbonyl groups. These carbonyl groups are able to interact with the hydrated potassium ion and coordinate it, while excluding the larger hydrated sodium ion.
In addition, the size of the selectivity filter is such that it allows the passage of the smaller, dehydrated potassium ion but not the larger, dehydrated sodium ion. The channel also includes a structure called the "ion cage," which desolvates the ion by stripping off its water molecules.
This process is more effective for sodium ions than for potassium ions because the sodium ion is smaller and has a higher charge density, making it more strongly solvated by water molecules.
As a result, the potassium channel is able to discriminate between potassium and sodium ions based on their size and solvation properties.
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How many grams are in 3 mol of KBr?
A. 238 g
B. 476 g
C. 119 g
D. 357 g
Answer:
Its 357 y'all
Explanation:
add me on brain liest.
Answer:
357
Explanation:
Explain the process of rainwater harvesting with its advantages .
Answer:
the environmental benefits of rain water harvesting
Explanation:
rainwater harvesting can reduce stormwater runoff a property by reducing stormwater runoff rainwater harvesting can reduce is term peak flow volume and velocity in local cricket stream and rivers thereby reducing the potential for stream Bank erosion
1. The author says that bog bodies were discovered as long ago as the 1600s, but the only ones existing today are those found after the late 1800s. What hap- pened to the earlier bog bodies?
Answer:
The earlier bog bodies that were discovered in the 1600s might have not been preserved properly due to a lack of knowledge on how to preserve them or a lack of awareness of their significance. It is also possible that they might have decayed and decomposed over time and not survived till the present day. However, the bog bodies found after the late 1800s were preserved and studied extensively due to the increasing awareness and understanding of their historical and archaeological significance.
Explanation:
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Calcium reacts with Hydrochloric acid to produce Calcium chloride and
Hydrogen gas. If we start with 2 g of Hydrochloric acid, how many grams
of Calcium Chloride will we produce?
Answer:
Mass = 2.77 g
Explanation:
Given data:
Mass of HCl = 2 g
Mass of CaCl₂ produced = ?
Solution:
Chemical equation:
2HCl + Ca → CaCl₂ + H₂
Number of moles of HCl:
Number of moles = mass / molar mass
Number of moles = 2 g/ 36.5 g/mol
Number of moles = 0.05 mol
now we will compare the moles of HCl with CaCl₂.
HCl : CaCl₂
2 : 1
0.05 : 1/2×0.05 = 0.025 mol
Mass of CaCl₂:
Mass = number of moles × molar mass
Mass = 0.025 mol × 110.98 g/mol
Mass = 2.77 g
Ammonia is produced using the Haber process. A. Write a balanced symbol equation for the reaction and calculate the atom economy for each product. B. Calculate the theoretical yield of ammonia if 27. 3 g of nitrogen was used in the reaction. C. Calculate the percentage yield of the reaction. The actual yield was 29. 9 g. D. Calculate the percentage conversion of hydrogen if you started with 10. 4 g and 2. 8 g could be recovered from the reaction. I need the answer for part b please
The balanced symbol equation for the Haber process, which is the industrial method for producing ammonia, is N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
A. The Haber process is the industrial method for producing ammonia, and the balanced equation for the reaction is:
N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
The atom economy for a product is the percentage of the total mass of reactants that becomes the desired product. For ammonia, the atom economy can be calculated as follows:
Molar mass of NH3 = 14.01 + 3(1.01) = 17.04 g/mol
Atom economy of NH3 = (2 mol NH3 x 17.04 g/mol) / [(1 mol N2 x 28.02 g/mol) + (3 mol H2 x 2.02 g/mol)] x 100% = 34.0%
B. To calculate the theoretical yield of ammonia, we need to use the given mass of nitrogen and the stoichiometry of the balanced equation. The molar mass of nitrogen is 28.02 g/mol, so 27.3 g of nitrogen is equal to:
27.3 g / 28.02 g/mol = 0.974 mol N2
According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of N2 reacts with 3 moles of H2 to produce 2 moles of NH3. Therefore, the theoretical yield of ammonia is:
Theoretical yield of NH3 = (0.974 mol N2) x (2 mol NH3 / 1 mol N2) x (17.04 g/mol NH3) = 33.1 g NH3
C. The percentage yield of the reaction can be calculated by dividing the actual yield of ammonia by the theoretical yield, and then multiplying by 100%. The actual yield of ammonia is given as 29.9 g:
Percentage yield of NH3 = (29.9 g NH3 / 33.1 g NH3) x 100% = 90.4%
D. The percentage conversion of hydrogen can be calculated by dividing the mass of hydrogen used in the reaction by the mass of hydrogen that would have been used if all of it had been consumed in the reaction. The mass of hydrogen used is 10.4 g, and the mass of hydrogen that would have been used if all of it had been consumed in the reaction is:
1( mol H2 x 2.02 g/mol) x (0.974 mol N2 / 1 mol N2) = 1.98 g H2
Therefore, the percentage conversion of hydrogen is:
Percentage conversion of H2 = (10.4 g H2 / 1.98 g H2) x 100% = 525% (This result is not possible, as the percentage conversion cannot be greater than 100%. It is likely that there was an error in the calculation or in the data provided.)
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Calculate the initial temperature of 648 g of cucumber (specific heat capacity = 1. 88 J g-1 °C-1) that absorbs 19857 J of heat while warming up to room temperature, 24. 8 °C
The initial temperature of the cucumber is approximately 8.54 °C.
q = m * c * ΔT
Now we can rewrite the formula as:
q = m * c * (24.8 °C - initial temperature)
Rearranging the formula to solve for the initial temperature:
initial temperature = 24.8 °C - (q / (m * c))
Plugging in the given values:
initial temperature = 24.8 °C - (19857 J / (648 g * 1.88 J \(g^{(-1)\) °\(C^{(-1)\)))
Calculating the initial temperature:
initial temperature ≈ 24.8 °C - (19857 J / 1219.04 J °\(C^{(-1)\))
initial temperature ≈ 24.8 °C - 16.26 °C
initial temperature ≈ 8.54 °C
Temperature is a fundamental physical property that quantifies the average kinetic energy of particles within a system, such as atoms, molecules, or particles. It is a measure of the intensity of heat present in a substance or environment. Temperature is commonly measured in degrees Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F), or in the scientific unit of Kelvin (K). In the Celsius scale, water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C at standard atmospheric pressure.
The Fahrenheit scale sets water's freezing point at 32°F and its boiling point at 212°F. The Kelvin scale, also known as the absolute temperature scale, starts from absolute zero, the theoretical point where all molecular motion ceases. At absolute zero, the temperature is 0 K, which is equivalent to -273.15°C or -459.67°F.
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A 0.20 M solution of a compound shows a blue color with BTB and a yellow color with TB. What is the pH range of this solution?a. 2.8 - 6.0b. 5.4-6.0c. 7.6 - 8.0d. something greater than 9.6e. 7.6 -9.6
The pH range of the 0.20 M solution of a compound is (c) 7.6 - 8.0.
A 0.20 M solution of a compound exhibits a blue color with Bromothymol Blue (BTB) and a yellow color with Thymol Blue (TB). This indicates the pH range of the solution falls within the overlapping region of the color changes for both indicators. BTB has a transition range between 6.0 (yellow) and 7.6 (blue), whereas TB transitions from yellow to blue within the 1.2-2.8 (red-yellow) and 8.0-9.6 (yellow-blue) pH range.
Since the solution turns BTB blue and TB yellow, the overlapping pH range must be the point where BTB is turning blue and TB remains yellow. This occurs between pH 6.0 (the point where BTB starts turning blue) and pH 8.0 (the point where TB starts turning blue). Therefore, the pH range of this 0.20 M solution is 6.0 - 8.0, which closely corresponds to option (c) 7.6 - 8.0.
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What does a base release when it is placed in water?
Select one:
a.Chloride ion (Cl-)
b.Hydronium ion (H3O+)
c.Calcium ion (Ca2+)
d.Hydroxide ion (OH-)
Answer:
D - Hydroxide Ion (OH-)
Explanation:
A base provides either hydroxide ions (OH–) or other negatively charged ions that combine with hydrogen ions, reducing their concentration in the solution and thereby raising the pH. In cases where the base releases hydroxide ions, these ions bind to free hydrogen ions, generating new water molecules.
Home work)
Write the word equation for the reaction
of these metals with Oxygen?
1. Magnisium :
2 Iron:
3 Copper:
Answer:
1. Magnesium + Oxygen --> Magnesium oxide
2.Iron + Oxygen --> Iron oxide
3.Copper + Oxygen --> Copper oxide
Explanation:
When an Element such as Magnesium or any other Elements are reacted eith Oxygen it forms an Oxide.
If you ever need the symbol equation here it is too :
1. Mg + O --> MgO
2.Fe + O --> FeO
3.Cu + O--> CuO
(9) Which of the following statement atX)ut Polymer Crystallinity is incorrect?
(a) In addition to being entirely amorphous, polymers may also exhibit varying degrees
of crystallinity.
(b) The crystallinity Of a semicrystalline rx)lyrner is dependent on its density.
(c) Crystallinity is reduced for polymers that are chemically simple and that have regular
and symmetrical chain structures.
(10) How do the densities of crystalline and amorphous polymers of the same material that have identical
molecular weights compare?
(a) Ihnsity of crystalline m.lymer < Density of amorphous polymer
(b) Density of crystalline IX)lymer > Density of amorphous B)lymer
(c) Density of crystalline B)lymer = Density of amorphous polymer
(9) The following statement about Polymer Crystallinity is incorrect : c) Crystallinity is reduced for polymers that are chemically simple and that have regular and symmetrical chain structures ; 10 ) b) The density of crystalline polymer > Density of amorphous polymer.
9) Polymers have two types of molecular structures: amorphous and crystalline. Amorphous polymers lack an ordered molecular structure and, therefore, a distinct melting point, whereas crystalline polymers have ordered molecular structures and can melt at a specific temperature. In addition to being entirely amorphous, polymers may also exhibit varying degrees of crystallinity.
A polymer with greater crystallinity, for example, has more organized regions in which the chains of molecules are tightly packed together. The degree of crystallinity of a semicrystalline polymer is determined by its density. In the polymer, the crystalline regions are more dense than the amorphous regions, resulting in a correlation between crystallinity and density.
(10) The density of crystalline polymer > Density of amorphous polymer. This is because in the polymer, the crystalline regions are more dense than the amorphous regions. Because the crystalline polymer has a more ordered molecular structure and a greater degree of crystallinity than the amorphous polymer, the density of the crystalline polymer is higher.
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Determine the mass of 2330 ml of gasoline. The density of gasoline id 0.008 g/ml
The density of gasoline id 0.008 g/ml is 18.64 gram.
What is density?Density is defined as mass per unit volume it means that mass is present in one meter cube.
S.I unit of density is kg/meter^3.
Mathematically
Density = Mass/Volume.
In above question
Volume = 2330 mL
Density = 0.008 g/mL
Density = mass/ volume
So,
Mass = density x volume
Mass = 0.008 x 2330
Mass = 18.64 gram
Therefore, The density of gasoline id 0.008 g/ml is 18.64 gram.
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The solubility of Ag,PO, in water at 25 °C is 4.3 x10-5 M. What is Ksp for Ag3PO? A) 2.1 x 10-12 B) 1.8 x 109 C) 9.2 × 10-17 D) 3.1 × 10-17
The solubility of Ag and PO, in water at 25 °C is 4.3 x10-5 M. The Ksp for Ag3PO is 2.1 x 10-12. Thus, option A) is correct.
Solubility refers to the maximum amount of a substance that can dissolve in a given solvent at a certain temperature and pressure. In this case, Ag3PO4 has a solubility of 4.3 x 10-5 M in water at 25°C. The Ksp (solubility product constant) for Ag3PO4 can be calculated using the following equation:
Ag3PO4(s) ⇌ 3Ag+(aq) + PO43-(aq)
Ksp = [Ag+]3 [PO43-]
To calculate Ksp, we need to determine the concentration of Ag+ and PO43- ions in solution. Since Ag3PO4 dissociates into three Ag+ ions and one PO43- ion, the concentration of Ag+ ions will be three times the solubility of Ag3PO4:
[Ag+] = 3(4.3 x 10-5 M) = 1.29 x 10-4 M
The concentration of PO43- ions will be equal to the solubility of Ag3PO4:
[PO43-] = 4.3 x 10-5 M
Now, we can plug these concentrations into the Ksp equation:
Ksp = (1.29 x 10-4)3 (4.3 x 10-5) = 2.1 x 10-12
Therefore, the answer is A) 2.1 x 10-12.
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the law of conservation of mass states_____
a) matter can be created and destroyed but does not change forms
b) the mass of all substances present before a chemical change equals the mass of all the substances remaining after the change
c) in a chemical reaction, efforts should be made to preserve rare elements without changing them.
d) in a chemical reaction, the final mass of the products is always greater than the starting mass of the reactants.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The Law of Conservation of Mass dates from Antoine Lavoisier's 1789 discovery that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. In other words, the mass of any one element at the beginning of a reaction will equal the mass of that element at the end of the reaction
Explain the term catalyst and how it affects the rate of a chemical reaction.
Answer:
Catalyst. A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction, without being consumed by the reaction. It increases the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy for a reaction. Energy diagrams are useful to illustrate the effect of a catalyst on reaction rates.
Explanation:
Write four components of a modern detergent and the uses of the components
The four main components of a modern detergent are builders (50% by weight), surfactants (15%), bleach (7%), and enzymes (2%).
What is the use of the components in the detergent?A detergent can be described as a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants with cleansing properties in dilute solutions. These substances are similar to soap but are more soluble in hard water due to the polar sulfonate is less likely than the polar carboxylate of soap to bind ions in hard water.
Builders are water softeners and their anions react with cations to form insoluble compounds which precipitate onto fabrics and washing machines and which are hard to remove.
Surfactants provide absorption and emulsification of soil into the water and also by reducing the surface tension of water to improve wetting. The main function of bleaches is oxidizable organic stains, which are usually of vegetable origin.
Enzymes are needed to degrade stubborn stains composed of proteins, fats, starch, and cellulose.
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When a rock is wrapped in aluminum foil, the radiation detected from the 29
rock significantly goes down. What type of radiation is being emitted?
beta
alpha
gamma
none of the answer choices
Answer:
gamma
Explanation:
The type of radiation that is being emitted from the rock is beta radiation.
Alpha particles are positively charged particles that are made up of two protons and two neutrons. They are the least penetrating type of radiation and can be stopped by a sheet of paper.
Beta particles are negatively charged particles that are made up of electrons. They are more penetrating than alpha particles and can be stopped by aluminum foil.
Gamma rays are high-energy photons that are not charged. They are the most penetrating type of radiation and can only be stopped by thick layers of lead or concrete.
In the case of the rock, the radiation is being stopped by the aluminum foil, which means that it must be beta radiation. Beta particles are more penetrating than alpha particles, but they are still not as penetrating as gamma rays. This means that the rock is probably not emitting gamma rays, and the only other possibility is beta radiation.
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when is the best time to clean glassware during the lab session?
To prevent the buildup of difficult-to-remove residue, immediately wash glassware in hot water or a glassware washer after using it. If washing glassware right after after use isn't possible, Corning advises soaking it in water.
Scrub the interior of curved glassware with warm tap water and a brush dipped in soapy water. You can flush the sink with this waste water. To avoid severe water stains, remove soap suds with deionized water. Pouring the DI water rinse through clean glassware should result in a smooth sheet. deliver precise outcomes. Both a dirty lab and erroneous results are hazardous. Lab equipment, particularly glassware, needs to be cleaned after each usage. The outcomes of laboratory studies can be changed by leftovers from earlier experiments, dampness, or even dust particles.
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The most likely van't Hoff factor for an 0.01 m calcium iodide solution is
This problem is providing us with the molality of a solution of calcium iodide as 0.01 m. So the most likely van't Hoff factor is required and theoretically found to be 3 due to the following:
Van't Hoff factor:In chemistry, the correct characterization of solutions also imply the identification of the ions it will release in aqueous solution. For that reason, the van't Hoff factor gives us an idea of this number, according to the formula the solute has got.
In such a way, for calcium iodide, we write its ionization equation as shown below:
\(CaI_2\rightarrow Ca^{2+}+2I^-\)
Assuming it is able to ionize due to the low molality, because if it was higher, then it won't ionize. Hence, since we have three moles of ion products, one Ca²⁺ and two I⁻, we can conclude the van't Hoff factor would be 3, although calculations may lead to a different, yet close result.
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Grey-coloured iron powder was heated in reddish-brown bromine vapour. A yellowish-green powder was formed. State if the yellowish-green powder is an element, a compound or a mixture. Explain your answer.
The yellowish-green powder is a compound because two elements (iron and bromine) chemically combined to form it.
What is a compound?A compound in chemistry is a substance formed by chemical bonding of two or more elements in definite proportions by weight.
This means that a compound is formed by the chemical bonding of two or more elements.
According to this question, a grey-coloured iron powder was heated in reddish-brown bromine vapour to form a yellowish-green powder.
The grey-coloured iron is an element that combined with the reddish-brown bromine gas. This suggests that two elements combined. It can be said to be a chemical reaction because a colour change was observed.
Therefore, the yellowish-green powder is a compound because two elements (iron and bromine) chemically combined to form it.
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if there are multiple orbitals in a subshell, what must be maximized before filling orbitals?
Before filling orbitals in a subshell, the principle of Hund's rule states that the total spin of the electrons in the subshell must be maximized.
Hund's rule states that when there are multiple orbitals available in a subshell, electrons will occupy separate orbitals with parallel spins before pairing up. This means that electrons will first fill each orbital in the subshell with the same spin direction, maximizing the total spin of the system.
By maximizing the total spin, the electrons can achieve a lower energy state and increase the overall stability of the atom or molecule. Once each orbital in the subshell contains one electron with parallel spin, the electrons will then start pairing up with opposite spins as required to fill the remaining orbitals.
Maximizing the total spin before pairing up electrons in a subshell is a fundamental principle in electron configuration and helps to explain the observed distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals.
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Summarize what collision theory says about solution formation. What is important to
remember about particle size and movement?
The frequency and energy of collisions between reactant molecules have an impact on the rate of a chemical reaction, according to collision theory.
The reactant particles must collide with enough energy during solution formation to overcome the attraction forces holding them together and create a new product. Important elements in this process are particle size and motion.
More collisions are possible due to the larger surface area that smaller particle sizes offer. The probability that faster-moving particles may collide with another particle with enough energy to start a successful reaction is also increased.
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in some communities forest are cleared through burning in the deforested and is used for farming which of these is negative consequences of this practice
Explanation:
High emission of CO2 which is bad and the wild animals which live in that spot will flee, thus that place will eventually lose much more ecological diversity.
T/F: the step in any reaction sequence determines the rate law for the overall reaction. this step is called the rate- step.
The step in any reaction sequence that determines the rate law for the overall reaction is called the rate-determining step. TRUE.
This step is also known as the slowest step in the reaction sequence. The rate law for the overall reaction is determined by the reactants and the rate-determining step. Therefore, it is important to identify the rate-determining step in order to determine the rate law for the overall reaction.
True, the step in any reaction sequence that determines the rate law for the overall reaction is called the rate-determining step. This step has the slowest rate among all the steps in the reaction sequence and thus governs the overall rate of the reaction.
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Make a claim about whether air is matter. Support the claim with evidence and explain your reasoning
Answer: Yes
Explanation:
Air is matter because it takes up space, has weight and is composed of particles.
a solution is made by dissolving 51.0 g of licl at 19.0 c into a container holding 1269 ml of water at 19c. calculate the final temperature of the solution
The final temperature of the solution made by dissolving 51.0 g of licl at 19.0 c into a container holding 1269 ml of water at 19c is 27.38°C.
The confirmation is given as,
LiCl (s) → LiCl (g)
Moles of LiCl = Given mass/Molar mass
Moles of LiCl = 51.0 g / 42.4 g/mol = 1.20 mol
Heat required = ΔH sol × moles
Heat required = 1.20 mol × (-37.0) kj/mol = -44.50 kj
Heat absorbed by water = mass × specific heat × temperature
44500 J = 1269 g × 4.184 J/g°C
T(final) = 8.38 + 19 = 27.38 °C
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