Is baking soda an acid, base, or neutral

  A solution with equal concentrations of both HAc (acetic acid) and Ac- (acetate ion) is an example of a buffer solution. Buffer solutions are capable of resisting changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. In this case, the HAc and Ac- components act as a conjugate acid-base pair, with HAc being the weak acid and Ac- being its conjugate  base.

  A buffer solution consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak base and its conjugate acid). In this scenario, the equal concentrations of HAc (acetic acid) and Ac- (acetate ion) form a buffer system.

  Acetic acid (HAc) is a weak acid that can partially dissociate in water, releasing H+ ions and forming acetate ions (Ac-). The equilibrium between HAc and Ac- can be represented as follows:

HAc ⇌ H+ + Ac-

  When the concentrations of HAc and Ac- are equal, the buffer solution is at its optimal buffering capacity. It means that the system is capable of resisting changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. If an acid is added, the acetate ions can react with the additional H+ ions to maintain the pH. Conversely, if a base is added, the excess OH- ions can react with the acetic acid to maintain the pH.

  The presence of a conjugate acid-base pair in the buffer solution allows for the maintenance of a relatively constant pH. Buffer solutions find applications in various fields, such as biochemistry, pharmaceuticals, and analytical chemistry, where the control of pH is essential for maintaining proper chemical reactions or biological processes.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

because the object's velocity had no acceleration between time intervals

Answer:

i think you mean what is the kingdom of plants, but its "Kingdom Plantae".

Kingdom Plantae traits: eukaryotic/have nucleus, multicellular and autotrophic. (they photosynthesis)

2nd largest kingdom

Answer:

Introduction: All the plants are placed in the Kingdom- Plantae, according to the five-kingdom classification by R.H. Whittaker. The Kingdom- Plantae consists of multicellular plants with eukaryotic organization and chlorophyllous cells.

Explanation:

What is the kingdom for plants called?

What are the 3 plant kingdoms?

Kingdom Plantae Organisms

Ferns: They fall under the division Pteridophyta and are known to have vascular tissue. ...

Mosses: They fall under the division Bryophyta and have no vascular system. ...

Cone-bearing plants: They fall under the division Spermatophyta, sub-division gymnosperms

Answer:

No, because oxygen wants two electrons to become stable and lithium will only give up 1 electron.

If 170 milligrams of a radioactive substance decays to 85 g after 16 hours. Then, after 21 hours, approximately 75.2 mg of the radioactive substance will remain.

The decay of the radioactive substance follows an exponential decay equation of the form:

\(N(t) = N_{o} \times e^{-kt}\)

Where:

N(t) is the amount of substance remaining at time t

N₀ is the initial amount of substance

k is the decay constant

t is the time elapsed

Given to us is N₀ = 170 mg and N(16) = 85 mg. We can use this information to find the decay constant, k.

\(85 = 170 \times e^{-k \times 16}\)

Dividing both sides by 170:

\(0.5 = e^{-k \times 16}\)

To solve for k, we can take the natural logarithm (ln) of both sides:

ln(0.5) = -k × 16

from this, the value of k comes out to be:

k = 0.0431

Now we can use the decay equation to find the amount of substance remaining after 21 hours, N(21):

\(N(21) = 170 \times e^{-0.0431 \times 21}\)

Calculating this expression:

N(21) = 75.2

Therefore, after 21 hours, approximately 75.2 mg of the radioactive substance will remain.

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Answer:

129.02 g/mol.

Explanation:

We apply grahams law of diffusion:

1/8 = √2.016/√m     where m = molar mass

√m  = 8√2.016

m =   (8√2.016) = 129.02 g/mol.

When a nitrile is treated with LiAIH4, followed by water, an amine is obtained.

A nitrile is a functional group that consists of a carbon triple bond to a nitrogen atom (-C≡N), which can be converted to an amine group (-NH2) via reduction using a strong reducing agent, lithium aluminum hydride (LiAIH4), and subsequent hydrolysis with water. The reaction is shown below:

RC≡N + 4[H] ⟶ RCH2NH2

When a nitrile is reduced with LiAIH4, it produces the corresponding imine, which is then hydrolyzed with water to form the corresponding primary amine. The mechanism of the reaction involves the transfer of a hydride ion (H-) from LiAIH4 to the nitrile carbon, followed by the addition of a water molecule to the imine carbon, and finally protonation of the intermediate to give the corresponding primary amine.

Therefore, the correct option is An amine is obtained when a nitrile is treated with LiAIH4, followed by water.

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The structural formula of 3-ethoxy-2-methylhexane can be written as CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH2CH2OCH2CH3. In this molecule, there is a six-carbon chain that contains two methyl groups and an ethoxy group. The ethoxy group is attached to the third carbon atom of the chain, while the methyl groups are attached to the second and fourth carbon atoms. The remaining two carbon atoms are attached to the fifth and sixth positions respectively.

The molecule is named as 3-ethoxy-2-methylhexane since the ethoxy group is attached to the third carbon atom of the hexane chain.

The total number of carbon atoms in the molecule is six, which gives it the name of hexane. Overall, 3-ethoxy-2-methylhexane is an organic compound that is used in various industrial applications.
Hi! I'm happy to help you understand the structural formula of 3-ethoxy-2-methylhexane. First, let's break down the name to identify the components of the molecule:

- "Hexane" is the base structure, indicating a six-carbon alkane chain.
- "3-ethoxy" means that an ethoxy group (CH3CH2O-) is attached to the third carbon atom in the hexane chain.
- "2-methyl" indicates a methyl group (CH3) attached to the second carbon atom in the hexane chain.

Now, let's construct the structural formula:

CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(OCH2CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH3

In this formula:

- The hexane chain is represented by the sequence of CH3, CH, CH, CH2, CH2, and CH3.
- The methyl group (CH3) is attached to the second carbon atom, indicated by the CH in parentheses.
- The ethoxy group (OCH2CH3) is attached to the third carbon atom, shown within the parentheses of the CH(OCH2CH3) part.

I hope this helps you understand the structural formula of 3-ethoxy-2-methylhexane! If you have any more questions, feel free to ask.

Therefore, the pH and the equilibrium concentration of S²⁻ in a 6.89x10⁻² M hydrosulfuric acid solution are pH = 7.78 and [S²⁻] = 2.31x10⁻¹¹ M.

Hydrosulfuric acid (H₂S) is a weak acid that dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions (H⁺) and bisulfide ions (HS⁻). H₂S(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + HS⁻(aq)

The bisulfide ions (HS⁻) in turn reacts with water to produce hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) and sulfide ions (S²⁻).

HS⁻(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ H₃O⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq) Ka1

= 1.0x10⁻⁷,

Ka2 = 1.0x10⁻¹⁹

To calculate the pH and the equilibrium concentration of S²⁻ in a 6.89x10⁻² M H₂S(aq) solution, we must first determine if H₂S(aq) is a strong or weak acid.

It has Ka1 = 1.0x10⁻⁷, which is a very small value; thus, we can conclude that H₂S(aq) is a weak acid.

To calculate the equilibrium concentration of S²⁻ in a 6.89x10⁻² M H₂S(aq) solution, we need to use the Ka2 value (Ka2 = 1.0x10⁻¹⁹) and a chemical equilibrium table.

[H₂S] = 6.89x10⁻² M[H₃O⁺] [HS⁻] [S²⁻]

Initial 0 0 0Change -x +x +x

Equilibrium (6.89x10⁻² - x) x xKa2 = [H₃O⁺][S²⁻]/[HS⁻]1.0x10⁻¹⁹

= x² / (6.89x10⁻² - x)

Simplifying: 1.0x10⁻¹⁹ = x² / (6.89x10⁻²)

Thus: x = √[(1.0x10⁻¹⁹)(6.89x10⁻²)]

x = 2.31x10⁻¹¹ M

Thus, [S²⁻] = 2.31x10⁻¹¹ M

To calculate the pH of the solution, we can use the Ka1 value and the following chemical equilibrium table.

[H₂S] = 6.89x10⁻² M[H₃O⁺] [HS⁻] [S²⁻]

Initial 0 0 0

Change -x +x +x

Equilibrium (6.89x10⁻² - x) x x

Ka1 = [H₃O⁺][HS⁻]/[H₂S]1.0x10⁻⁷

= x(6.89x10⁻² - x) / (6.89x10⁻²)

Simplifying: 1.0x10⁻⁷ = x(6.89x10⁻² - x) / (6.89x10⁻²)

Thus: x = 1.66x10⁻⁸ M[H₃O⁺]

= 1.66x10⁻⁸ M

Then, pH = -log[H₃O⁺]

= -log(1.66x10⁻⁸)

= 7.78 (rounded to two decimal places)

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The answer is that they were were not based on evidence and experiment and that made alchemy unscientific in its practices.

Alchemy is an old practice that might be thought of as a forerunner of chemistry.

The term alchemy is derived from the Arabic al-kimiyya, which is derived from Greek. Alchemy's fundamental notions focus around the transformation of one substance into another, often transforming a basic metal like lead or iron into a "noble" metal like silver or gold

The alchemist's main ambitions were to find the Stone of Knowledge, the medium of Eternal Youth and Health, and metal transmutation.

To conclude with we can say Alchemy is based on magic and occultism rather than true investigation and facts. Many of the items in it have been utilised as fundamentals for certain chemistry, although the vast majority of them are wrong and inaccurate.

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Answer:

the atomic mass of the element with 37 protons,43 neutrons and 36 electrons is 80

The structure of an ionic compound depends on the relative sizes of the cations and anions. Ionic compounds includes salts, oxides, hydroxides, etc. Among the given options, the compound CaCI₂ is an ionic compound. The correct option is D.

The compounds which are held together by ionic bonds are termed as the Ionic compounds. Metals and non-metals generally react to form ionic compounds. In a reaction between metals and non-metals, metals loose electrons to complete their octet.

Ionic compounds are crystalline solids which are formed by neatly packed ions of opposite charge. Here CaCI₂ is made up of Ca²⁺ and chloride (Cl⁻) ions.

Thus the correct option is D.

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Answer:

Bears and Whales

Explanation:

Bears keep themselves warm via a thick fur coat

Whales keep themselves warm with a thick layer of blubber

Answer:

4 × 10 g

Explanation:

Step 1: Write the balanced equation

2 H₂(g) + O₂(g) ⇒ 2 H₂O(I)

Step 2: Calculate the moles corresponding to 4 g of H₂

The molar mass of H₂ is 2.02 g/mol.

4 g × 1 mol/2.02 g = 2 mol

Step 3: Calculate the moles of H₂O produced from 2 moles of H₂

The molar ratio of H₂ to H₂O is 2:2. The moles of H₂O produced are 2/2 × 2 mol = 2 mol.

Step 4: Calculate the mass corresponding to 2 moles of H₂O

The molar mass of H₂O is 18.02 g/mol.

2 mol × 18.02 g/mol = 4 × 10 g

Answer:

126 g of H₂O

Explanation:

Firstly, we complete the equation:

2H₂  +  O₂  →  2H₂O

If we have 7 moles of hydrogen, we assume, the oxygen is in excess.

Ratio is 2:2.

2 moles of hydrogen can produce 2 moles of water

Then, 7 moles of H₂ must produce 7 moles of water.

We convert moles to mass → 7 mol . 18 g/mol = 126 g

If the bulb of the thermometer or thermocouple is too high in the distillation apparatus, it would introduce errors by not measuring the correct temperature.

The bulb of the thermometer should be at the same height as the top of the liquid in the flask. If it is not at this height, it may not record the right temperature. If the bulb is too high, it might record lower temperatures because it is not in contact with the hot vapours. Likewise, if the bulb is too low, it might record higher temperatures since it is in contact with hot vapours, which are hotter than the liquid.

The boiling point of a liquid will be influenced by external factors such as air pressure, atmospheric pressure, and altitude above sea level. The variation in boiling point will be affected by the position of the bulb of the thermometer or the thermocouple in the distillation apparatus. As a result, any error in the position of the bulb would result in an incorrect temperature measurement.

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The age of the wooden totem pole excavated from the archaeological dig is approximately 22,630 years.

To determine the age of the totem pole, we can use the concept of carbon dating. Carbon-14 (C-14) is an isotope of carbon that undergoes beta decay, and its decay rate can be measured. In living trees, the ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 (C-14/C-12) is 1.35 x 10-12. By comparing this ratio to the ratio found in the sample from the totem pole, we can calculate its age.

The first step is to calculate the initial ratio of carbon-14 to carbon-12 in the sample. We know that the sample contains 235 grams of carbon, so we can calculate the number of carbon-14 atoms by multiplying the mass of carbon by the ratio of C-14/C-12:

Number of C-14 atoms = 235 g * (1.35 x 10-12) = 3.1725 x 10-10 mol

Next, we can calculate the initial number of C-14 atoms using Avogadro's number and the molar mass of carbon:

Number of C-14 atoms = (3.1725 x 10-10 mol) * (6.022 x 1023 atoms/mol) = 1.909 x 1014 atoms

Now, we need to determine the remaining number of C-14 atoms after 226,303 years, using the half-life of carbon-14, which is 5730 years. The remaining fraction of C-14 can be calculated using the formula:

Remaining fraction = (1/2)^(time elapsed / half-life)

Remaining fraction = (1/2)^(226,303 / 5730) ≈ 1.513 x 10-25

Finally, we can calculate the remaining number of C-14 atoms in the sample:

Remaining number of C-14 atoms = (1.513 x 10-25) * (1.909 x 1014 atoms) ≈ 2.887 x 10-11 atoms

To convert this number back to mass, we multiply it by the molar mass of carbon:

Remaining mass of C-14 = (2.887 x 10-11 atoms) * (18.035 g/mol) ≈ 5.211 x 10-10 g

Now, we can calculate the mass of C-12 in the sample by subtracting the mass of C-14 from the total mass of carbon in the sample:

Mass of C-12 = 235 g - 5.211 x 10-10 g ≈ 234.999 g

Since the ratio of C-14 to C-12 in living trees is 1.35 x 10-12, we can calculate the age of the totem pole by dividing the remaining mass of C-14 by the product of the initial mass of C-14 and the ratio of C-14 to C-12:

Age = (5.211 x 10-10 g) / (235 g * (1.35 x 10-12)) ≈ 22,630 years

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The order of the atomic radius is;  

1) Potassium, Aluminum, Carbon,  Oxygen

2)  Potassium, Aluminum, Carbon, Oxygen

We know that the atomic radius has to do with the distance between one atom and another in that are not covalently combined. We know that the atomic radius is a function of the group to which the atom belongs.

We know that the atomic radius increases down the group but would tend to decrease across the period as more shells are added to the atom of the element.

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Acids and bases can be measured using a pH scale. The scale has a range of 0 to 14. An indicator called Litmus paper is used to determine if a chemical is an acid or a basic. Here among the given pair, the solution which is more acidic is option A.

The H⁺ ion concentration's negative logarithm is known as pH. As a result, the meaning of pH is justified as the strength of hydrogen. Strongly acidic solutions are those with a pH value of 0, which is known. Additionally, as the pH value rises from 0 to 7, the acidity decreases, while solutions with a pH of 14 are classified as very basic solutions.

pH = -log [H⁺]

a. pH = -log [ 1.2 x 10⁻³] = 2.92

-log [4.5 x 10⁻⁴] = 3.34

b. -log [2.6 x 10⁻⁶] = 5.58 , -log [ 4.3 x 10⁻⁸] = 7.36

c.  -log [ 0.000010] = 5 ,  -log [ 0.0000010] = 6

Thus the correct option is A.

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Answer:

It is the temperature at which water is frozen or is pure ice

"Absolutely zero" temperature is the coldest temperature possible. It's so cold that everything stops moving and has no energy left. Scientists use a special scale called Kelvin to measure temperature, and absolute zero is at 0 Kelvin or -273.15 degrees Celsius (-459.67 degrees Fahrenheit). We can't actually reach absolute zero in real life, but scientists have come very close in laboratories using special cooling methods.

The adjacent nucleotides are bound to each other through a phosphodiester bond in a nucleic acid.

Nucleic acid is a biopolymer made up of nucleotide monomers that make up nucleic acid chains. The nucleotide's three components are a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Nucleic acids are present in all living cells, including viruses and bacteria, and they play a critical role in storing, transmitting, and expressing genetic information. RNA and DNA are two types of nucleic acids.

The phosphate group in one nucleotide forms a phosphodiester bond with the hydroxyl group on the sugar molecule of the next nucleotide in line in nucleic acids. This reaction is carried out by removing a molecule of water, resulting in a strong covalent bond between two nucleotides. These bonds make up the sugar-phosphate backbone of a nucleic acid chain, which is fundamental to its structure.

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Answer:

i hope this helped

They have no true nucleus as the DNA is not contained within a membrane or separated from the rest of the cell, but is coiled up in a region of the cytoplasm called the nucleoid. Prokaryotic organisms have varying cell shapes.

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

The DNA in prokaryotes is contained in a central area of the cell called the nucleoid, which is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane. Many prokaryotes also carry small, circular DNA molecules called plasmids, which are distinct from the chromosomal DNA and can provide genetic advantages in specific environments.

Explanation

NH4Cl(s) = NH4+(aq) + Cl-(aq) AH = +3.5 kcal/mole

We have some changes that shift the equilibrium to the right, according to Le Châtelier's principle.

I will write some of them:

By Adding amount of NH4Cl or by increasing the temperature because according to the heat of the reaction this is an endothermic reaction.

Answer: Increasing the temperature of the system.

Answer:

Kelvin

Explanation:

Kelvin is the most suitable for measuring the heat of the sun because it is an absolute temperature scale and does not have a negative range, which makes it convenient for high temperature measurements. The temperature of the sun's surface ranges from about 5,500 to 6,000 K, so it would not be possible to measure it accurately using Celsius or Fahrenheit, which are relative temperature scales with a negative range.

Correct me if I’m wrong.

Answer:

paper burning is chemical property because burning is a chemical reaction.  salt being a solid is a physical property because phases of matter are physical properties of matter

Answer:

answer  in ppicture

Explanation:

Answer:

true

Explanation:

Just think if a car was going 0 mph, would it move?

The terms that should be included in the answer are 'donating,' 'activates,' and 'increases.'

Toluene reacts faster than benzene in all substitution reactions. Thus, its electron-donating CH3 group activates the benzene ring to electrophilic attack.

Electrophilic substitution reactions on the aromatic ring require an electrophile to attack the ring. An electrophile is an electron-deficient species, meaning it craves electrons. Aromatic rings, on the other hand, are electron-rich due to the delocalization of the pi electrons, making them less reactive towards electrophiles.

Toluene contains a methyl (-CH3) group that is electron-donating in nature. As a result, it increases the electron density on the benzene ring, making it more electron-rich and, as a result, more susceptible to attack by an electrophile. Because of the methyl group, toluene is more reactive than benzene towards electrophilic substitution reactions, and thus the electron-donating CH3 group activates the benzene ring to electrophilic attack.

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By investigating the origins of various diseases, scientists play a key role in hospitals. They aid in understanding the underlying processes, risk factors, and potential therapies for many illnesses through their scientific knowledge and research techniques.

To understand the intricacies of diseases , their study involves running tests, analysing data, and working with other medical specialists. By figuring out the underlying reasons, scientists make it possible to create efficient diagnostic equipment, therapeutic methods, and preventative techniques .

Their discoveries and techniques expand medical knowledge, improve patient care, and ultimately work towards communities and people experiencing greater health. There are very factors that contribute to the overall institution.

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Answer:

A biology investigation usually starts with an observation—that is, something that catches the biologist’s attention. For instance, a cancer biologist might notice that a certain kind of cancer can't be treated with chemotherapy and wonder why this is the case. A marine ecologist, seeing that the coral reefs of her field sites are bleaching—turning white—might set out to understand why.

How do biologists follow up on these observations? How can you follow up on your own observations of the natural world? In this article, we’ll walk through the scientific method, a logical problem-solving approach used by biologists and many other scientists.

Explanation:

The soil mineral most likely to be leached away during a hard rain is potassium (K+). Among the options given, potassium (K+) is the soil mineral that is most susceptible to leaching during heavy rainfall.

When it rains heavily, water percolates through the soil, carrying dissolved minerals with it. Potassium ions are highly soluble and mobile in water, making them prone to being washed away from the soil. This leaching process can result in the depletion of potassium in the top soil, which can have significant implications for plant growth and nutrient balance. Other minerals like sodium (Na+) and nitrate (NO3-) may also be leached to some extent, but potassium leaching is generally more pronounced due to its high solubility and low affinity for soil particles. Calcium (Ca++) is less likely to be leached away during rainfall because it forms insoluble compounds in the soil, making it more stable and less mobile.

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