(ii) it takes 2.56 ms for the current in an lr circuit to increase from zero to 0.75 its maximum value. determine (a) the time constant of the circuit

The change in entropy of a gas that expands adiabatically is given by ΔS = 0.

An adiabatic process is characterized by the absence of heat exchange with the surroundings. In such a process, the change in entropy (ΔS) of a gas can be determined using the ideal gas law and the relationship between temperature and volume.

For an adiabatic expansion, the gas does work on its surroundings by expanding against an external pressure without exchanging heat. This leads to a decrease in the gas's internal energy and a decrease in its temperature. As a result, the entropy of the gas decreases.

According to the second law of thermodynamics, for an adiabatic process, the change in entropy (ΔS) is given by ΔS = 0. This implies that the entropy of the gas remains constant during an adiabatic expansion.

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A terrestrial telescope is a refracting telescope used to view distant earthly objects. The light source is the light falling from a distant object.

A terrestrial telescope is used to view enlarged, erect images of distant objects on the earth surface. There are three lenses in a terrestrial telescope. Objective lens, eye lens and erecting lens.

The working principle is refraction. The three convex lenses converge the rays to produce an image. The light from a distant object fall on the telescope. The incident rays falling on the objective lens is refracted and the intermediate image is formed. This image falls on the erecting lens and another intermediate image is formed.

The image from the erecting lens will act as the object for the eye lens. As light passes through the eye lens, an enlarged erect image is formed.

So the light source is the light from the distant object.

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To increase the efficiency of the Carnot engine by 10% of the original efficiency, the temperature of the heat source should be increased by 0.067 times its original value

The efficiency of a Carnot engine is given by:

Efficiency = 1 - (Tc/Th)

Where

In this case, the efficiency of the engine is 40%, which can be expressed as 0.4 in decimal form. Therefore:

0.4 = 1 - (Tc/Th)

Rearranging this equation, we get:

Tc/Th = 0.6

We want to increase the efficiency by 10% of the original efficiency. This means that the new efficiency will be :

0.4 + 0.1(0.4) = 0.44

We can use this new efficiency to find the new ratio of Tc/Th:

0.44 = 1 - (Tc_new/Th_new)

Tc_new/Th_new = 0.56

Now we need to find by how many degrees the temperature of the heat source should change to achieve this new ratio of temperatures. We can set up an equation using the two ratios of temperatures:

(Tc/Th) / (Tc_new/Th_new) = 0.6 / 0.56

Substituting the first ratio we found earlier and simplifying, we get:

0.6 / (Th_new/Th) = 0.6 / 0.56

Th_new/Th = 0.56/0.6

Th_new/Th = 0.933

Multiplying both sides by Th, we get:

Th_new = 0.933 Th

So the temperature of the heat source should be increased by:

ΔT = Th_new - Th = 0.933 Th - Th = 0.067 Th

Where ΔT is the change in temperature and Th is the original temperature of the heat source.

Therefore, to increase the efficiency of the Carnot engine by 10% of the original efficiency, the temperature of the heat source should be increased by 0.067 times its original value.

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The approximate radius of the black hole is 2.96 km (approximately) according to Newton's formulation of gravity.

According to Newton's formulation of gravity,

black hole is a region of space with an intense gravitational force that prevents anything, including light, from escaping.

The mass of a black hole determines the strength of its gravitational force.According to Newton's formulation of gravity, the radius of a black hole is given by

r = 2GM/c²

Where:r = radius of the black hole

G = gravitational constant

M = mass of the black holec = speed of light in vacuum

Given that the total mass of the black hole is

1x Mo (where Mo = mass of the Sun), that is, M = Mo = 1.98 × 10³⁰ kg

Therefore,r = 2GM/c²= 2 × 6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ × 1.98 × 10³⁰ / (3 × 10⁸)²= 2.96 × 10³ m= 2.96 km (approx)

The approximate radius of the black hole is 2.96 km (approximately) according to Newton's formulation of gravity.

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On dry surfaces at up to the speed 35 mph, a following gap of two seconds time gives enough time to steer clear of trouble spots. Meaning we can steer clear of the issue.

if there is a two-second time gap on dry surfaces. Distance travelled in a unit of time is referred to as speed. It is the rate of movement of an object. Speed is a scalar quantity and the velocity vector's magnitude. There is no clear direction to it. A faster rate of movement is indicated by a higher speed. Slower movement is indicated by a lower speed. Its speed is zero if it isn't moving at all. In simple words, we define speed or velocity as the distance travelled in a specific amount of time.

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The experiment is described below in the explanation.

The specific heat is the amount of heat required to change the temperature by 1°C. It is denoted by C.

Heat lost or gained is represented as

Q = m C ΔT

In a calorimeter, a liquid is filled into the the cup with a temperature. A rod with high temperature is inserted into that liquid.

We use principle of  mixture by putting a heated rod in a liquid and then measuring the rise of temperature of liquid.

So, heat is lost by rod and gained by liquid and colorimeter.

Thus, experiment is described.

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Answer:

a.  Frequency is 5.45 x 10^14 hz

b.   The period = 1.8 x 10^-15 sec  {or 1.8 femptoseconds]

Explanation:

The velocity of an electromagnetic wave is given by the product of the wave's frequency(f) times its wavelength(λ).  

V = λ f     where,

V is the wave speed,

f is the wave frequency,

λ is the wavelength.

To find frequency, rearrange to:

f = V/ λ

Light travels at 3.00x10^8 m/sec.

λ is 5.50 x 10^-7 m

f = (3.00x10^8 m/sec)/(5.50 x 10^-7 m)  meters cancels, secs is on the bottom]

f = (3.00/5.50)*(10^15)  [The base 10 exponent on the bottom ius subtracted from the one on top:  98-(-7)) = 15)  

f = 0.545 x 10^15 1/s or hz

f = 5.45 x 10^14 hz

b.  The period of a wave is the inverse of it's frequesncy.  It is the time it takes for 1 wave to pass.  Invert the frequency:

 Period = 1/f

  Period =  1/(0.545 x 10^15 1/s)

Period = 1.8 x 10^-15 sec  {or 1.8 femptoseconds]

In order to find which balls will be shown in the mirror, we need to draw light rays going from the eye of the observer into the ends of the mirror.

Then, the reflected rays will create a region, and every ball inside this region can be observed in the mirror.

So we have:

We can see that only ball A is inside the reflected region, therefore only ball A will be seen in the mirror.

Therefore the answer is the third option: A only.

The troposphere receives most of its heat energy from the sun.

The sun is the primary source of heat energy for the Earth's troposphere, which is the lowest layer of the atmosphere. Sunlight, composed of various wavelengths including visible light and ultraviolet radiation, penetrates the Earth's atmosphere and reaches the surface. As the sunlight interacts with the Earth's surface, it is absorbed, leading to the heating of the surface. This heated surface, in turn, transfers heat to the surrounding air through processes such as conduction, convection, and radiation. These heat transfers drive the circulation of air and the formation of weather patterns within the troposphere.
While the ground and ocean can absorb and release heat, they ultimately receive their heat energy from the sun through direct or indirect processes. The sun's energy is the primary driver of temperature variations and weather phenomena in the troposphere.

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Answer:

What she can do to collect the data is;

B. Gather a few oranges and see how many seeds are in each

Explanation:

The quantity Katie wants to find out is the number of seeds contained in each orange

Therefore, the required population = The number of seeds in a given orange

The method of estimation of the number of seeds per orange is sampling method, whereby the number of seeds in each of the orange in the sample is used to as an hypothesis as to the number of seeds expected in each orange of the entire population.

Therefore, in order to collect the data, she can gather a few oranges and see how many seeds are in each.

When a light wave vibrates in a variety of directions, the light is said to be unpolarized.

Unpolarized light consists of many individual light waves, each with its electric field vector oscillating in random directions. These electric field vectors are perpendicular to the direction of the wave's propagation. In other words, the vibrations of the electric field are spread out in all possible planes that are perpendicular to the direction the light wave is traveling.

Polarized light, on the other hand, occurs when the electric field vectors of the individual light waves are restricted to oscillate in a specific plane. This can happen through various processes, such as reflection, refraction, or passing through a polarizing filter. Polarized light has various applications, including glare reduction in sunglasses, improving contrast in optical systems, and even in 3D movie technology.

In summary, when a light wave vibrates in multiple directions, it is referred to as unpolarized light. Unpolarized light consists of many individual light waves with electric field vectors oscillating in random directions, all perpendicular to the direction of the wave's propagation.

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Answer: Moisture and food (bread)

Explanation:

Mould grows best in humid, damp air/wet conditions.

Since the bread is moist it will provide humidity for the mould as well as food.

A container with a cover would not be a favoring condition as mould needs oxygen to grow and survive.

The following information is provided in the problem: A sled with a weight of 19.7 kg is pulled with a force of 42.0 N at an angle of 43.0° across ground where μ₁ = 0.130. We need to find out the normal force that is exerted on the sled.

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Answer:

Gravitational.

Explanation:

In Earth, everything have a volume and mass, or downward force of gravity, which Earth's mass exerts on them.

Answer:

if the switch is open the bulbs will be on

when one light burns out the rest stay on

parallel circuit allow the bulbs to maintain the brightness of a since cricuit

When one light burns out the rest stay on in parallel circuit.

Parallel circuits allow the bulbs to maintain the brightness of a single circuit.

Hence, option (d) and (F) are correct answer.

It is referred to as a series combination when two or more resistors are connected end to end in a row. Any number of resistances connected in series have a combined resistance that is equal to the sum of the individual resistances.

It is referred to as a parallel combination when two or more resistances are coupled between the same two sites. The sum of the reciprocals of all the individual resistances is equal to the reciprocal of the combined resistance of a number of resistances connected in parallel.

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The maximum revolution per minute at which the string can retain a 2kg mass attached to its end is approximately 108 RPM

The tension in the string must be greater than or equal to the centripetal force acting on the mass.

The centripetal force is given by:

Fₓ = m * (v² / r)

Where:

Fₓ is the centripetal force

m is the mass attached to the string

v is the velocity of the mass in meters per second

r is the radius of the circular path

Given:

m = 2kg

r = 2.5/2 = 1.25m

To find the velocity, we can relate it to the RPM. The velocity is given by:

v = 2πr * (RPM / 60)

Where:

v is the velocity in meters per second,

r is the radius of the circular path,

RPM is the revolutions per minute.

Now, we can substitute the values into the equation for the centripetal force:

Fₓ = m * ((2πr * (RPM / 60))² / r)

Since the tension in the string is given as 100N, we can set the centripetal force equal to the tension:

Fₓ = Tension = 100N

100N = m * ((2πr * (RPM / 60))² / r)

Substituting the known values:

100N = 2kg * ((2π * 1.25m * (RPM / 60))² / 1.25m)

Simplifying:

100N = 2kg * ((2π * 1.25 * (RPM / 60))² / 1.25)

50N = (2π * 1.25 * (RPM / 60))²

Taking the square root:

√(50N) = 2π * 1.25 * (RPM / 60)

Simplifying further:

sqrt(50N) = π * 1.25 * (RPM / 60)

Now, we can solve for RPM:

RPM = (√(50N) * 60) / (π * 1.25)

Calculating this expression:

RPM = (√(50) * 60) / (3.1416 * 1.25)

   = (7.07 * 60) / (3.1416 * 1.25)

   = 424.2 / 3.927

   = 107.96

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Answer:

2nd one Force

Explanation:

Without a source of force and object won't have the capability of moving.

Answer:

force

Explanation:

pushing something forward

The mass of Deimos is approximately 9.52 x 10^15 kg.

To find the mass of Deimos, we can use the formula for gravitational force:F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2. where F is the gravitational force between two objects, G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects, and r is the distance between their centers of mass.

In this problem, we know the radius of Deimos (r = 6.3 km = 6.3 x 10^3 m), the mass of the rock on its surface (m1 = 3.0 kg), and the gravitational force between them (F = 2.5 x 10^-2 N). We can also look up the value of G: G = 6.674 x 10^-11 N(m/kg)^2.

We want to solve for the mass of Deimos (m2). Rearranging the formula, we get: m2 = (F * r^2) / (G * m1). Substituting the given values, we get: m2 = (2.5 x 10^-2 N) * (6.3 x 10^3 m)^2 / (6.674 x 10^-11 N(m/kg)^2 * 3.0 kg). m2 = 9.52 x 10^15 kg.Therefore, the mass of Deimos is approximately 9.52 x 10^15 kg.

It is worth noting that this calculation assumes that the rock on Deimos' surface is not affecting its orbit significantly. In reality, the gravitational force between the rock and Deimos would cause some perturbations in Deimos' orbit, but they are likely to be very small due to the small mass of the rock compared to Deimos.

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To find the mass of Deimos, we can use the gravitational force formula:
F = G * (m1 * m2) / r^2

Where F is the gravitational force (2.5 * 10^(-2) N), G is the gravitational constant (6.674 * 10^(-11) Nm^2/kg^2), m1 is the mass of Deimos (which we want to find), m2 is the mass of the rock (3.0 kg), and r is the distance between their centers, which is equal to Deimos' radius (6.3 km or 6300 m).

Rearranging the formula to solve for m1 (the mass of Deimos):

m1 = (F * r^2) / (G * m2)

m1 = (2.5 * 10^(-2) N * (6300 m)^2) / (6.674 * 10^(-11) Nm^2/kg^2 * 3.0 kg)

After calculating, we find that the mass of Deimos is approximately 1.0 * 10^15 kg.

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The chemical process which requires energy is breaking bond in KOH and HBr. Hence, option C is correct.

The capacity to perform work is known as energy in physics. Potential, kinematic, thermodynamic, electromagnetic, chemical, nuclear, and other types are all possible.

As energy is transferred through one body to another, there is also heat and work. As a result, heat transfer may result in thermal energy, whereas labor done may result in mechanical power.

As per the given reaction in the question,

KOH + HBr - KBr + H20

Here, in this reaction the chemical process which requires the energy is at the time of breaking of bonds in KOH and HBr at that time the energy is required.

Therefore, it is concluded that breaking bonds in KOH and HBr i.e., option C is correct.

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It would take 1.556 seconds for the barrier to crumple and safely slow down the person with a force of 1180 N.

To calculate the time required to crumple the barrier and safely slow down the person, we can use the concept of impulse.

The impulse, denoted by J, is defined as the product of force and time, and it represents the change in momentum of an object. In this case, the impulse required to safely slow down the person can be calculated using the maximum force and the person's initial momentum.

The momentum of a person is given by the product of their mass and velocity:

Momentum = mass × velocity

Given that the person's mass is 68 kg and their velocity is 27 m/s, the initial momentum is:

Initial momentum = 68 kg × 27 m/s

To safely slow down the person, the impulse provided by the barrier should be equal to the change in momentum.

Therefore, we have:

Impulse provided by barrier = Final momentum - Initial momentum

Since the person is brought to rest, the final momentum is zero. Thus, we have:

Impulse provided by barrier = -Initial momentum

Now we can express the impulse in terms of force and time:

Impulse provided by barrier = Force × Time

Plugging in the known values, we can solve for time:

-Initial momentum = Force × Time

68 kg × 27 m/s = 1180 N × Time

Simplifying the equation, we find:

Time = (68 kg × 27 m/s) / 1180 N

Evaluating the expression:

Time = 1836 kg·m/s / 1180 N

Finally, converting kg·m/s to seconds, we get:

Time ≈ 1.5559 seconds

Therefore, it would take approximately 1.556 seconds for the barrier to crumple and safely slow down the person with a force of 1180 N.

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A missile is launched upward with a speed that is half the escape speed The height the missile will reach is 0.5 radii of the Earth.

The height reached by a missile launched upward with a speed that is half the escape speed can be determined using the concept of gravitational potential energy.
Let's assume the escape speed from the Earth's surface is v_escape.

Since the missile is launched with a speed that is half the escape speed, its initial speed is v_initial = 0.5 * v_escape.

To find the height the missile reaches, we need to calculate the potential energy at that height.

The gravitational potential energy (PE) can be calculated using the formula PE = m * g * h, where m is the mass of the missile, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height.

Since the missile is launched from the Earth's surface, the initial height is zero. At the highest point of the missile's trajectory, its final speed is momentarily zero, so the kinetic energy is also zero. Therefore, all the initial kinetic energy is converted to potential energy.

The initial kinetic energy (KE_initial) can be calculated using the formula KE_initial = 0.5 * m * v_initial².

Equating the initial kinetic energy to the potential energy, we have KE_initial = PE.

0.5 * m * v_initial² = m * g * h

Canceling out the mass of the missile, we get:

0.5 * v_initial² = g * h

Rearranging the equation to solve for h, we have:

h = (0.5 * v_initial²) / g

Now, we know that the escape speed (v_escape) is given by the formula v_escape = √(2 * g * R), where R is the radius of the Earth.

Since the initial speed is half the escape speed, we have:

v_initial = 0.5 * √(2 * g * R)

Substituting this value into the equation for h, we get:

h = (0.5 * (0.5 * √(2 * g * R))²) / g

Simplifying the equation further:

h = (0.5 * (0.25 * 2 * g * R)) / g

h = (0.5 * 0.5 * 2 * R)

h = 0.5 * R

Therefore, the missile will reach a height of 0.5 radii of the Earth.
In conclusion, the height the missile will reach is 0.5 radii of the Earth.

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A real root of the equation f(x) = x^2 - 2x - 5 = 0, found using the bisection method in five stages, is approximately x = -0.046875. To find a real root of the equation f(x) = x^2 - 2x - 5 = 0 using the bisection method, we can start by identifying an interval [a, b] that contains the root. Let's choose the interval [-3, 0], where f(a) = f(-3) = 4 and f(b) = f(0) = -5. Since f(a) and f(b) have opposite signs, there must be a root within this interval.

Stage 1:

- Start with interval [a, b] = [-3, 0]

- Calculate the midpoint c = (a + b) / 2 = (-3 + 0) / 2 = -1.5

- Evaluate f(c) = (-1.5)^2 - 2(-1.5) - 5 = -0.25

- Since f(c) has the same sign as f(a), replace a with c: [a, b] = [-1.5, 0]

Stage 2:

- Calculate the new midpoint c = (a + b) / 2 = (-1.5 + 0) / 2 = -0.75

- Evaluate f(c) = (-0.75)^2 - 2(-0.75) - 5 = -4.4375

- Since f(c) has the same sign as f(a), replace a with c: [a, b] = [-0.75, 0]

Stage 3:

- Calculate the new midpoint c = (a + b) / 2 = (-0.75 + 0) / 2 = -0.375

- Evaluate f(c) = (-0.375)^2 - 2(-0.375) - 5 = -2.7461

- Since f(c) has the same sign as f(a), replace a with c: [a, b] = [-0.375, 0]

Stage 4:

- Calculate the new midpoint c = (a + b) / 2 = (-0.375 + 0) / 2 = -0.1875

- Evaluate f(c) = (-0.1875)^2 - 2(-0.1875) - 5 = -1.2217

- Since f(c) has the same sign as f(a), replace a with c: [a, b] = [-0.1875, 0]

Stage 5:

- Calculate the new midpoint c = (a + b) / 2 = (-0.1875 + 0) / 2 = -0.09375

- Evaluate f(c) = (-0.09375)^2 - 2(-0.09375) - 5 = -0.6104

- Since f(c) has the same sign as f(a), replace a with c: [a, b] = [-0.09375, 0]

After five stages, the interval [a, b] has become [-0.09375, 0]. Since the interval is small, we can approximate the root as the midpoint of this interval:

Root ≈ (a + b) / 2 = (-0.09375 + 0) / 2 = -0.046875

Therefore, a real root of the equation f(x) = x^2 - 2x - 5 = 0, found using the bisection method in five stages, is approximately x = -0.046875.

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In accordance with the Aufbau principle, electrons occupy atomic orbitals from the lowest energy to a highest energies.

One electron represents the initial energy level. Larger atoms have more electrons. Always start by adding to the lowest energy level until it has all the electrons it can have. Electrons are subsequently filled in at the higher energy level below, and so on.

Nuclear energy is the term used to describe the energy present in the nucleus, or core, of an atom. Nuclear energy can be used to generate electricity, but first it needs to be freed from the atom.

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Answer:

Natalia is correct.

Explanation:

i got it right when it said natalia

It is accurate to say that the stars in the Milky Way behave like planets orbiting a star rather than comets orbiting a star.

A comet is a celestial object consisting of a nucleus of ice and dust that is surrounded by a fuzzy coma (atmosphere) and a tail.

The stars orbiting the center of the Milky Way would behave more like a planet orbiting a star than a comet. This is because the stars are much larger than comets and have a more significant gravitational pull. The stars in the Milky Way galaxy orbit around a massive central black hole, which has a mass of millions of times that of the Sun. This black hole's gravitational pull is strong enough to keep the stars in orbit around it.

In contrast, comets are much smaller and have a much weaker gravitational pull than stars. They typically orbit around the Sun in highly elliptical orbits, which can cause them to be ejected from the solar system or collide with planets. The stars in the Milky Way, on the other hand, have more circular orbits around the central black hole, which keeps them in stable orbits for billions of years.

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Answer:B

Explanation:

The force of gravitation depends on the mass of the object. As the mass increases, the speed of the falling object also increases because it experience more gravitational pull from earth. Thus, option D is correct.

Gravitational force is a kind of force by which an object attracts other objects into its center of mass. We are all standing on the ground because of the gravitational pull of earth.

Gravitational force is directly proportional to the mass of the objects and inversely proportional to the distance from the surface. Therefore, the force exerted by earth on massive body is greater than that on a light body.

Here, the ball with greater  mass hit the ground with less time compared to the one with less mass. Hence, the mass becomes a factor  affecting the speed of a falling object when the object is dropped a great distance from the surface of the earth. Thus, the massive body will be pulled more by earth.

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According to the given statement Mrs. Brown's electricity bill for the current month is $5000.00.

To calculate Mrs. Brown's electricity bill for the current month, we need to determine the total number of kilowatt-hours (kWh) she has consumed and apply the corresponding rates.

1. Calculate the electricity usage:

  Current meter reading - Previous meter reading
  20,300 kWh - 17,800 kWh = 2,500 kWh

2. Determine the cost for the first 2000 kWh:

  $1.00/kWh * 2000 kWh = $2000.00

3. Determine the cost for the remaining kWh:

  500 kWh * $3.50/kWh = $1750.00

4. Add the fuel adjustment charge:

  $0.50/kWh * 2500 kWh = $1250.00

5. Calculate the total bill:

  $2000.00 + $1750.00 + $1250.00 = $5000.00


To calculate the electricity bill, we first find the difference between the current and previous meter readings.

In this case, Mrs. Brown used 2,500 kWh.

For the first 2000 kWh, the cost is $1.00 per kWh, resulting in a charge of $2000.00.

For the remaining 500 kWh, the cost is $3.50 per kWh, totaling $1750.00.

Additionally, a fuel adjustment charge of $0.50 per kWh is added to the bill. This amounts to $1250.00.

Finally, we add up all the charges to get the total bill, which is $5000.00.

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Answer:

The volume of the object is 3.5cm³