distinguish between evolution and natural selection

1- they can be used as domestic fuel for cooking instead of kerosene or firewood that contribute to pollution

2-they can also used to generate electricity in rural areas as these areas has not enough resources of electricity

In this scenario best described is Wolves were exposed to too many limiting factors.

The rabies virus is just what causes a rabies infection. The virus spreads through the saliva of affected animals. Infected animals can spread the virus to certain other animals or people by biting them. In rare cases, rabies can be spread when contaminated saliva gets in touch with an open sore or mucous membrane, like the mouth or eyes.

The permeability of the barrier may increase in an infected brain, allowing antibodies and immune cells to flow through to help eradicate the infection. However, when the rabies virus is present, the blood brain barrier shuts down, thereby making it impossible for anything—including antiviral medications—to get through.

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During prophase, the parent cell will have 48 chromatids. This is because during interphase, the DNA replicates, resulting in each chromosome consisting of two sister chromatids.

Therefore, if the parent cell has 24 chromosomes, it will have a total of 48 chromatids during prophase.

Regarding the major difference between plant cells and animal cells, the most accurate statement is: "Only plant cells have a cell wall." Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, which provides structural support and protection to the cell. Animal cells, on the other hand, do not have a cell wall. Hence option D is correct.

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The type of scientist best qualified to perform genetic engineering to produce more productive seeds in agriculture would be a molecular biologist, the correct option is C.

Molecular biologists specialize in studying the structure, function, and interactions of molecules within biological systems, including DNA and genes. Genetic engineering involves manipulating the genetic material of organisms, which requires a deep understanding of molecular biology principles.

Molecular biologists have the expertise to identify and isolate specific genes responsible for desired traits in crop plants, such as increased productivity or resistance to pests or diseases. They can then modify or introduce these genes into target plants to achieve the desired outcomes, the correct option is C.

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Answer: Pollen tube carries

Explanation:

Pollen tube (PT) serves as a vehicle that delivers male gametes (sperm cells) to a female gametophyte during double fertilization, which eventually leads to the seed formation. It is one of the fastest elongating structures in plants

The size of the ITC peaks decrease over the course of each experiment less H3 is present in each subsequent injection as the titration progresses.

ITC stands for Isothermal Titration Calorimetry, which is a technique used to measure the thermodynamic properties of a binding reaction between two molecules. In an ITC experiment, one molecule (the ligand) is titrated into a solution of the other molecule (the receptor) while the heat released or absorbed by the reaction is measured.

If the ITC peaks decrease during the titration, this suggests that the binding affinity between the ligand and receptor is decreasing. Specifically, the peak areas represent the amount of heat that is released or absorbed during each injection of the ligand into the receptor solution. A decrease in the peak areas therefore indicates that less heat is being generated by the binding reaction with each subsequent injection, which implies a weaker binding interaction.

There are several reasons why the binding affinity between two molecules might decrease during an ITC titration. For example, the binding site on the receptor molecule may become saturated with ligand molecules, leading to reduced binding affinity for additional ligand.

Hence, the correct option is C.

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Answer:

Its called the substrate

Explanation:

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Slow moving nutrients include Nitrogen and Phosphorus.

Answer:

B. phosphorus

Explanation: Phosphorus moves slowly from deposits on land and in sediments, to living organisms, and then much more slowly back into the soil and water sediment. Phosphorus cycle is the slowest of all nutrient cycles.

Answer:

C6 H12 O6+6O2-----6CO2+6H2O+ ATP

Chemical reactions of cellular respiration may be determined by where the respiration process undergoes. This is because cellular respiration may be of two types aerobic (in mitochondria), and anaerobic (in yeast and muscle cells).

Cellular respiration may be defined as the strategy by which living organisms incorporate oxygen with glucose molecules, and discard as waste products, carbon dioxide, and water, apart from energy.

The general chemical reaction of the cellular respiration may be determined as :

\(C_6H_1_2O_6 +\)\(0_2\) → \(CO_2 + H_2O +\) ATP. (Aerobic cellular respiration).

Glucose → Pyruvate → Lactate + ATP (Anaerobic cellular respiration).

Therefore, chemical reactions of cellular respiration may be determined by where the respiration process undergoes.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

the mother gives half through the egg and the father gives half through the sperm

Answer: Xylem is the specialised tissue of vascular plants that transports water and nutrients from the plant–soil interface to stems and leaves, and provides mechanical support and storage. The water‐conducting function of xylem is one of the major distinguishing features of vascular plants

Explanation: hoped this helped

The structures and organs involved in the ingestion of food until the elimination of undigested food are:

1. Mouth: The mouth is the first structure involved in the ingestion of food. It is responsible for the initial mechanical and chemical breakdown of food by chewing and salivary enzymes, respectively.

2. Pharynx: After swallowing, the bolus of food passes through the pharynx, which is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the esophagus.

3. Esophagus: The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. It uses peristaltic contractions to move the bolus of food down toward the stomach.

4. Stomach: The stomach is a muscular sac that mixes and grinds food with gastric juice to form a liquid mixture called chyme.

5. Small intestine: The small intestine is a long, narrow tube that is responsible for the majority of nutrient absorption. It receives chyme from the stomach and mixes it with digestive enzymes and bicarbonate from the pancreas and bile from the liver to break down food further.

6. Large intestine: The large intestine is a wider tube that absorbs water and electrolytes from the remaining undigested food, forming feces.

7. Rectum: The rectum is the final part of the large intestine, where feces are stored before elimination.

8. Anus: The anus is the opening at the end of the digestive tract through which undigested food, or feces, are eliminated.

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1. Aa and AA

2. short

Answer:

Sunlight is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the main energy-storing molecule in living organisms. ATP is then transported throughout the chloroplast and used to provide the chemical energy necessary to power other metabolic reactions.

a. DIY DNA extraction methods typically use household ingredients and may lack specialized reagents for optimal yield, purity, and efficiency compared to extraction kits designed with standardized protocols.

b. Differences can be assessed through factors such as protocol complexity, DNA yield, purity assessment, and reproducibility of results between DIY and kit-based extractions.

a. The DIY DNA extraction and an extraction using a kit can differ in several aspects:

Ease of Use: DIY DNA extraction methods often utilize household ingredients and materials, making them simpler and more accessible for amateur scientists or educational purposes. Kits, on the other hand, are specifically designed with pre-measured reagents and detailed protocols, providing a standardized and user-friendly approach.

Efficiency and Yield: DNA extraction kits typically incorporate optimized protocols and specialized reagents that ensure higher efficiency and yield of extracted DNA. DIY methods may not always achieve the same level of efficiency, leading to lower DNA recovery or potential contamination.

Purity and Quality: DNA extraction kits generally include steps and reagents to remove contaminants (such as proteins and RNA) and ensure higher purity of the extracted DNA. DIY methods may lack these purification steps, resulting in impurities or degraded DNA.

b. A few indicators can help determine the differences between DIY DNA extraction and kit-based extractions:

Protocol Complexity: Comparing the step-by-step procedures of DIY methods and kit-based methods can reveal differences in complexity and the presence of additional purification or quality control steps in kits.

DNA Yield: Quantifying the yield of extracted DNA can provide insights into the efficiency of the extraction method. If the yield from a DIY extraction is consistently lower compared to a kit-based extraction, it suggests that the kit-based method may be more efficient.

Purity Assessment: Evaluating the purity of the extracted DNA can be done through techniques such as spectrophotometry or gel electrophoresis. If the DNA extracted using a kit shows less contamination or degradation than the DIY-extracted DNA, it indicates better quality control in the kit-based method.

Reproducibility and Consistency: Performing multiple extractions using both the DIY method and a kit and comparing the results for consistency and reproducibility can also indicate differences in performance and reliability.

It's important to note that DIY DNA extraction methods can be useful for educational purposes or preliminary experiments, but for more precise and standardized results, DNA extraction kits developed by reputable manufacturers are generally recommended.

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The correct answer is the superior and inferior vena cava. The superior vena cava is a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body back to the heart.

It is formed by the union of the left and right brachiocephalic veins, which drain blood from the arms, neck, and head. The inferior vena cava is also a large vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the lower body back to the heart. It is formed by the union of the left and right common iliac veins, which drain blood from the legs, pelvis, and abdominal organs.

The superior and inferior vena cava join together at the right atrium of the heart, where the deoxygenated blood is pumped into the lungs to be re-oxygenated. From there, the oxygenated blood is carried to the left side of the heart, where it is then pumped out to the rest of the body.

It is worth noting that there are many other veins in the body that play important roles in the circulatory system. For example, the renal veins drain blood from the kidneys, the mesenteric veins drain blood from the intestines, and the iliac veins drain blood from the legs and pelvis. Each of these veins is important in its own right, and understanding their structure and function is crucial for gaining a full understanding of the circulatory system.

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Gravity does not affect the mass of an object, but it does affect the weight of an object on different planetary bodies.

The weight of an object is directly proportional to its mass and the strength of the gravitational field on that planet.

Gravity does not affect the mass of an object.

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and is a fundamental property of that object. It remains constant regardless of the gravitational force acting upon it.

However, weight, which is the force with which gravity pulls on an object, is affected by the gravitational field of a planetary body. The weight of an object on a planet or other celestial body depends on the mass of that object and the strength of the gravitational field on that planet.

The formula for calculating weight is:

Weight = mass x gravitational acceleration

where gravitational acceleration is the acceleration due to gravity on that planet.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

biotic means living and out of the options the only thing living in the environment is a flower.

Explanation:

simple explanation:

there are many things that animals or plants compete for:

animals:

mates-some animals my be desperate to pass on their genes to offsprings. also if there is a decrease of one sex of an species the other may find it difficult to find a mate and can end up fighting their counterparts

territory -lack of territory also causes competition

food -lack of food can cause competition

Plants:

space: some trees 'want' or require a large amount of space to survive because they are bigger and my want to collect more nutrients form soil and take more light

light/sunlight: plants require sunlight for : plants photosynthesis they may grow their leaves big for a big surface area to collect more light.

water/minerals in soil: plants need water to grow so they may grow their roots deep and long

The two causes of competition between two species are the habitat has only a limited quantity of resource both species need and the species do not have a way to partition a resource they both need. Thus, the correct options are c and d.

Competition is a type of interaction between species which occurs when the two species require same resource that is available in limited amount. So, the availability of the resource to one species is negatively influenced by the presence of the other species which leads to competition and exclusion of one species from the environment.

Competition between two species occurs when both the species are using the same resources in an area. Competition is of two types interspecific and intraspecific competition. In competition, the species do not have a way to partition the resource they both need.

Therefore, the correct options are c and d.

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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:

What causes competition between two species? select the two answers that are correct.

a. One species successfully prevents another species from using a resource

b. Their environment lacks a resource that one of the species requires

c. Their habitat has only a limited quantity of resource both species need

d. The two species do not have a way to partition a resource they both need

e. Males of the two species compete for mates belonging to the other species

Answer:

Rank the phases of matter from the one with the least kinetic energy to the greatest kinetic energy for the particles in the substance.

Least kinetic energy: solid

↓

liquid

↓

gas: Greatest kinetic energy

Answer: No

Explanation:

I hope it dies

Answer:

A. How can the formation of covalent bonds between amino acids be blocked?

Explanation:

An antibiotic is any chemical substance that is active against certain bacteria. The majority of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis act by targeting the two subunits (30S and 50S) of the bacterial ribosomes, thereby stopping translation. The bond that binds two different amino acids is a covalent peptide bond produced when the carboxyl group of one amino acid residue reacts with the amino group of another amino acid to form a bond. Thus, amino acid residues are linked by peptide bonds at the carboxyl-terminus (C-terminus) of the growing polypeptide, and therefore when this binding is blocked, protein synthesis cannot progress.

A question that may direct antibiotic research is "How can the formation of covalent bonds between amino acids be blocked?"

The ribosome of a representative bacterium, Escherichia coli, has a coefficient of 70S sedimentation and consists of a 30S and a 50S subunit. THE 30S subunit contains a piece of the rRNA molecule with 16S and 21 proteins different, while the 50S subunit contains two pieces of rRNA, rRNA with 23S and rRNA with 5S and 34 different proteins.

With this information, we can conclude that the inhibitors of protein synthesis block the translation process at different stages.

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Answer:

Animal cells have external walls

Explanation:

Animal cell simply have a cell membrane, but no cell wall

In the pedigree, just one afflicted allele is segregating.In the pedigree, just one afflicted allele is segregating.

According to the Law of Segregation, when gametes are created, each parent's allele randomly segregates into the gametes, resulting in half of a parent's gametes carrying each allele.In the pedigree, just one afflicted allele is segregating.Since neither of the pair of alleles is totally dominant over the other, incomplete dominance results. This leads to a phenotype that combines both of them.A gene may have more than one kind of allele. These allele pairs segregate, or separate, during the meiosis process, when gametes are created.The second inheritance law is the law of segregation. According to this law, a pair of alleles separate from one another throughout meiosis cellular division (gamete creation), resulting in a single allele being present for each gamete.

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A recombinant plasmid is created by using the following steps:

Step 1: Cut DNA using the restriction enzyme

Step 2: Inserting gene of interest into the plasmid using a ligase enzyme

Step 3: Introducing plasmid into bacteria

For the creation of a recombinant plasmid, a gene of interest is chosen, which is then cloned into a plasmid.

A plasmid is a small DNA molecule that is separated from chromosomal DNA and replicates independently in the cytoplasm of the cell.

The DNA molecule can then be used to transfer a gene of interest into another cell or organism.

Restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA of the plasmid and the gene of interest.

The enzyme recognizes and cuts at specific sequences on the DNA molecule, leaving a sticky end.

The sticky ends of the plasmid and the gene of interest are then joined together by the action of ligase enzymes.

This creates a recombined plasmid that contains the gene of interest.

The recombined plasmid is then introduced into bacteria.

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Answer:

white blood cells protect the human being against disease causing micro-organisms