de que sustancia esta lleno el cromosoma

The anatomical adaptation that facilitates balance in a hominin is the longitudinal arch of the foot. Option a.

The longitudinal arch of the foot is an anatomical adaptation that helps hominins maintain balance while standing and walking. The arch helps distribute weight evenly across the foot, providing stability and support. This adaptation is particularly important for bipedalism, as it helps the hominin maintain balance on two legs.

Lumbar lordosis, elongation of the lower limb, and parabolic dental arcade are all adaptations that have been observed in hominins, but they do not specifically facilitate balance. Lumbar lordosis is a curvature of the lower spine that helps shift the body's center of mass over the hips, but it does not directly affect balance. Elongation of the lower limb may improve stride length and speed, but it does not directly affect balance. The parabolic dental arcade is a characteristic of some hominin species, but it is not related to balance.

In conclusion, the longitudinal arch of the foot is the anatomical adaptation that specifically facilitates balance in hominins.

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Answer:

a blue eyes

please make my answer brainliest

Answer:

A.

Explanation:

Answer: C

Explanation:

A keystone species helps to  define an ecosystem. The correct answer is option C.

It is that they help to hold the systems together. It will be difficult for the certain species to adapt to the changes that environment goes through.  

Keystone species are species which has the  significant and a large influence on community structure with the characteristics.  It is often considerably  with the  lower  abundance and  the biomass in comparison to dominant species. If  removed  such species can  cause  a serious disruption in  the structure with the function of  a community.

In  marine ecosystem  or other type of  an ecosystem in that case  a keystone species defines an  organism which helps to  hold system together.  Excluding such species, ecosystems will sound very different. Some of them might  not  adapt to environmental changes and  if the keystone species disappeared.

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The technique that distinguishes based on size and not charge, with direct staining to visualize, is called "size-exclusion chromatography" (SEC). This method separates molecules in a mixture based on their size, allowing for easy visualization and analysis.

Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), also known as gel filtration chromatography or gel permeation chromatography, is a chromatographic technique used to separate and analyze molecules based on their size or molecular weight. It is commonly used in biochemistry, molecular biology, and pharmaceutical sciences to characterize biomolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and polymers.

SEC operates on the principle of porous gel beads packed in a column. These gel beads have a range of pore sizes, forming a porous network through which molecules can pass. The larger molecules cannot enter the smaller pores and, therefore, elute out of the column faster, while smaller molecules can enter the pores and take longer to elute.

Sample Preparation: The sample to be analyzed is prepared in a suitable buffer or solvent. The sample may contain a mixture of molecules with different sizes.

Column Preparation: The SEC column is prepared by packing the gel beads into a column. The gel beads are chosen based on the desired separation range and compatibility with the sample and solvent.

Sample Injection: The prepared sample is injected onto the SEC column. As the sample passes through the column, molecules interact with the gel beads based on their size.

Elution: The mobile phase (buffer or solvent) is continuously passed through the column, carrying the sample components. Larger molecules that cannot enter the pores of the gel beads move through the column quickly and are the first to elute. Smaller molecules, which can enter the pores and interact more with the gel, take longer to elute.

Detection and Analysis: The eluted components are detected and quantified using various detectors such as UV-Vis spectrophotometers, refractive index detectors, or fluorescence detectors. The data obtained can be used to determine the molecular weight distribution or estimate the size of the sample components.

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The statement "h zones contain only myosin, whereas i bands contain only actin" is false.

The correct statement is "h zones contain only myosin, whereas i bands contain both actin and myosin."

H zones are regions in the sarcomere where only myosin filaments are present. I bands are regions where both actin and myosin filaments are present, but the actin filaments dominate in this region. The A band is the region where both actin and myosin filaments overlap.

The sarcomere is the basic functional unit of striated muscle, and it is composed of myosin and actin filaments arranged in a highly organized manner. Myosin filaments are thick filaments that run parallel to the long axis of the sarcomere, whereas actin filaments are thin filaments that extend from the Z disc towards the center of the sarcomere.

The H zone is the region in the middle of the A band where only myosin filaments are present. The H zone shortens during muscle contraction as the myosin filaments slide over the actin filaments. The I band is the region between two A bands where only actin filaments are present. The I band shortens during muscle contraction as the actin filaments slide over the myosin filaments towards the center of the sarcomere. The A band is the region that spans the length of the myosin filaments and includes the overlapping actin filaments. The A band does not shorten during muscle contraction.

The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction proposes that during contraction, the myosin heads attach to the actin filaments and pull them towards the center of the sarcomere, shortening the sarcomere and thus the muscle fiber. The H zone and I band shorten during this process, but the A band remains the same length.

In summary, H zones contain only myosin filaments, whereas I bands contain both actin and myosin filaments but the actin filaments dominate. The H zone shortens during muscle contraction, as the myosin filaments slide over the actin filaments, whereas the I band shortens as the actin filaments slide over the myosin filaments. The A band spans the length of the myosin filaments and includes the overlapping actin filaments.

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Drug efficacy in cell lines is tested in research called drug dose-response studies. To determine which medications should be tested on patients first, they are frequently employed in cancer research.

1. Reaction

Regarding side effects or drug effectiveness, it refers to how a drug affects a pathologic or physiological process.

2. Dose

It is the dosage of a prescription or medication that a doctor advises patients to take and when.

3. Threshold

When a harmful chemical surpasses the body's defences above a certain threshold, they occasionally only produce a response.

4. ED50

The amount of a medication that will have an effect on 50% of the population receiving it is known as the median effective dose response.

5. LD50

50 % Lethal Dose. It gauges a substance's toxicity. It will calculate the amount of medication needed to eliminate half the population.

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Antibiotics that target the synthesis of DNA precursors primarily affect anabolic metabolic pathways (Option 1).

Antibiotics that target the synthesis of DNA precursors primarily affect neither anabolic metabolic pathways nor catabolic metabolic pathways. Instead, these antibiotics interfere with the replication and synthesis of DNA, which is essential for cell division and growth. By inhibiting the enzymes involved in DNA synthesis, they disrupt the ability of bacteria to replicate their genetic material accurately. This interference can lead to the inhibition of bacterial cell growth and division, eventually resulting in the inhibition of bacterial infections. Therefore, the primary impact of these antibiotics is on DNA replication rather than on anabolic or catabolic metabolic pathways (option 1).

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Answer: Petroleum-fired

Explanation:

The best energy source would be Petroleum-fired.

Answer:

c) one organism benefits while the other organism is not affected.

Answer:

Motor unit.

Explanation:

A motor unit includes a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers that it controls.

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Active transport is one type of transport used by cells to move molecules from one side to the other of the cell membrane. Option B. a cell's way of transporting materials

Active transport is one of the three cellular transmembrane transports. The other two are passive transport and simple diffussion.

Active transport acts against the electrochemical gradient, so it does need the energy to transport substances.

It carries molecules from a low concentration side of the membrane to a high concentration side.

The used energy comes from ATP (Na-K bomb) or the membrane's electric potential.

Carrier proteins are involved in active transport.

Option B. a cell's way of transporting materials

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Primary sensory neurons have neurites in the sensory surfaces of the body.

Afferent neurons, also referred to as sensory neurons, are neurons in the nervous system that use their receptors to translate a particular kind of stimuli into action potentials or graded potentials. It is known as sensory transduction. The spinal cord's dorsal ganglia are home to the sensory neurons' cell bodies.

The sensory data is sent from the sensory nerve through the spinal cord and afferent nerve fibers to the brain. The stimulus may come from interoreceptors inside the body, such as those that respond to blood pressure or the sense of body position, or from exteroreceptors outside the body, such as those that detect light and sound.

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Answer:it is need so the exchange of gases can take place.

Explanation:

Homology searching using Blast is a powerful tool for analyzing the similarities between two or more sequences. It can be used to analyze the similarities between different species, strains, or chromosomes of interest.

In homology searching, a query sequence is compared against a database of known sequences to identify similar homologs. The results of the homology search can include information such as the percent identity, number of matched bases, and number of gaps between the matched sequences.

These parameters provide valuable insight into the similarity between the query and database sequences. Additionally, one can analyze the amount of evolutionary conservation between the sequences and gain insight into the comparative evolution of the species, strain, or chromosome under study.

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Correct question is :

exercise 1. homology searching using blast species and strain: chromosome: length of your query sequence: percent identity, number of matched bases, and number of gaps between the matched sequences. explain.

II-8 ,  III-1 ,  III-5 are  individuals could be only heterozygous (Aa) .

What is heterozygous (Aa) ?

Heterozygous (Aa) carriers cannot be considered healthy. They suffer from the illness in the same way as homozygous dominant (AA) people.

                    Children of parents who only have one copy of a dominant allele for a dominant condition have a 50% risk of developing the disorder themselves.

What is AA genetics and AA?

Three distinct genotypes—"AA," "aa," and "Aa"—are available if the dominant allele is denoted by "A" and the recessive allele by "a." Because the alleles in the pair are identical, i.e., both dominant or both recessive, the terms "homozygous" and "AA" are used to describe the pairs.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

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With machine learning, machines can function without being given instructions from humans on how to carry out tasks. This is the area of artificial intelligence that strives to provide AI machines brain-like abilities.

Knowledge engineering is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that allows a machine or system to simulate a human expert's thought process. A kind of artificial intelligence known as machine learning enables computers to learn without explicit programming. The area of computer science—more particularly, the area of artificial intelligence, or AI—concerning giving computers the capacity to comprehend written and spoken words in a manner similar to that of humans is known as natural language processing.

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Perhaps  the major weakness of using animal studies to determine "safe" level of air pollutants is the difficulty in extrapolating the results to humans. So, the correct answer is option c.

The impacts of pollutants on animal models could not fully represent the consequences on humans since animals and humans have different physiologies and metabolisms.

In addition, it's possible that animals will be exposed to toxins at higher quantities and for shorter periods of time than people would in the actual world. As a result, it's possible that human safe air pollution limits cannot be reliably determined by experiments on animals.

Additionally, because animal studies are frequently conducted on tiny samples of animals, they might not be able to fully depict how air pollutants affect the human population.

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Answer:

c. Bacteria

Explanation:

Answer:

D: virus because virus also attacks human immune systems as shown on the image

In Exercise 11.10, the expected value of the number of butterflies found by Alice, Bob, and Charlotte is obtained by finding the expected value of the sum of three indicator random variables.

In Exercise 11.16, the expected value of the number of flips needed to get the second head in a coin flipping experiment is determined. These exercises involve different scenarios of sampling with and without replacement.

In Exercise 11.10, the expected value of X, the total number of butterflies found, is found by calculating the expected value of each indicator random variable (X1, X2, X3) representing whether Alice, Bob, and Charlotte found a butterfly, respectively.

The expected value of each indicator variable can be obtained by multiplying the probability of success (finding a butterfly) by 1 and the probability of failure (not finding a butterfly) by 0. Then, the expected value of X is calculated as the sum of the expected values of the indicator variables.

In Exercise 11.16, the expected value of X, the number of flips needed to get the second head, is determined. To find this value, we first need to find the expected value of getting the first head. This scenario is similar to Example 11.11, which involves sampling with replacement.

Each coin flip is an independent event, and the probability of getting a head is constant at 0.5.

Therefore, the expected value of getting the first head is 1/p, where p is the probability of success (0.5 in this case).

In Exercise 11.17 (a), the scenario of waiting for a favorite song in Michael's iTunes playlist involves sampling without replacement. Each song played is not replayed, and there is only one favorite song among the total number of songs.

Therefore, this scenario is similar to Example 11.10, sampling without replacement.

To find the expected number of songs Michael needs to listen to until his favorite song comes up, the formula for sampling without replacement is used, which is the reciprocal of the probability of selecting the favorite song at each step.

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Answer:

2.1×0.06^3= the correct answer

Explanation:

using a compound formula used for interest u can use this to see how the population is increasing by multiplying the principal×rate^time

Answer:

Population at the end of 2015 is 2.5 million.

Explanation:

Population of Dubai at the end of 2012 is 2.1 million.

Rate of increase of population is 6%

Population at the end of 2013 is 2.1 million +(6% of 2.1 million) =2.226 million.

Population at the end of 2014= 2.226 million + 6% of 2.226 million = 2.35956 million.

Population at the end of 2015 is = 2.35956 million + 6% of 2.35956 million = 2.5 million.

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The organ of the digestive system that breaks down ingested carbohydrates into monosaccharides is the small intestine. This process is part of the basic process of digestion known as chemical digestion.


1. When we eat carbohydrates, such as starches and sugars, they are broken down into smaller molecules by enzymes in the mouth and stomach.

2. However, the majority of carbohydrate digestion takes place in the small intestine. This is where the pancreas releases enzymes, such as amylase, to break down the carbohydrates into smaller units called monosaccharides.

3. The monosaccharides, such as glucose, fructose, and galactose, are then absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the small intestine.

4. Once in the bloodstream, the monosaccharides can be transported to the liver, where they are further processed and distributed to the cells of the body to provide energy.

So, to summarize, the small intestine, as part of the digestive system, participates in the basic process of digestion by breaking down ingested carbohydrates into monosaccharides through chemical digestion.

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In this experiment, the control group would be Flat C, because it has no compost, and the results obtained from it will show the growth of the plants in wild conditions, i.e without treatment (the composts of different maturity times).

Answer:

the first option is correct. two types of weathering are physical / mechanical weathering and chemical weathering.

Explanation:

Weathering is the breakdown of minerals and rocks through various factors. Physical and chemical are the two types of weathering. Thus, option A is correct.

Weathering is the splitting or the breaking down of the larger rocks and minerals into smaller pieces due to physical and chemical factors. It involves the deterioration of the larger rocks through the air, water, gases, etc.

The weathering is a major of two types the physical weathering is the disintegration of the rocks without any chemical changes, unlike chemical weathering.

Therefore, there are two types of weathering.

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Complementary DNA (cDNA) is a synthetic copy of mRNA that lacks introns, regulatory sequences, and poly-A tail that is used in the analysis of gene expression. cDNA is made by using an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to convert mRNA into DNA sequence.

The resulting sequence is a complementary copy of the mRNA. cDNA does not contain introns and can only be used to synthesize the protein encoding regions of a gene. Complementary DNA contains only protein encoding sequences. As it is synthesized from messenger RNA (mRNA), it is a single-stranded DNA molecule that is complementary to mRNA. The mRNA is reverse transcribed to produce a double-stranded DNA molecule that lacks the non-coding regions. The cDNA only contains the protein-coding regions of the mRNA.

In summary, complementary DNA contains only protein encoding sequences and contains the same sequence information as spliced RNA. It lacks introns and regulatory elements and can be used to study gene expression, gene cloning, and identification of mutations. The synthesis of cDNA is an important technique in molecular biology research and has revolutionized the study of gene expression.

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The designers of the mRNA vaccines optimized the mRNA molecule in several ways to effectively stimulate an immune response.

These features include:

(1) chemically modifying the mRNA for increased stability and protection from degradation

(2) using a codon optimization strategy to ensure that the mRNA is translated efficiently and accurately

(3) incorporating a 5’ and 3’ untranslated region (UTR) to increase mRNA stability and enhance translation

(4) using a viral vector to deliver the mRNA to the cell

(5) incorporating a leader sequence to ensure that the mRNA is translated into the desired protein.

All of these features work together to ensure that the mRNA is accurately translated into Spike proteins, which will in turn stimulate an immune response. By chemically modifying the mRNA, the molecules become more stable and robust, and codon optimization ensures that the mRNA is read accurately by the cell's ribosomes.

The 5' and 3' UTRs act as a protective layer around the mRNA, while the viral vector allows the mRNA to be delivered to the cell. Lastly, the leader sequence helps to specify which protein should be produced from the mRNA. All of these factors work together to ensure that the mRNA vaccine is effective and stimulates the desired immune response.

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Answer:

i nee help too

Explanation: answer in the comment