Classify each of the following traits depending on the method by which the influenza virus changes its genetic information.OPTIONS: -Antigenic Drift Only- Antigenic Shift Only-Similarities Between Antigenic Drift and Shifta. Mutation of the virus itselfb. Small changes to the genetic makeup of influenza strainsc. After the flu strain mutates, the immune system recognizes as a new virusd. Results in the virus evading the immune systeme. The reassembly of viral genomes derived from various strainsf. Makes the annual flu vaccine ineffectiveg. After the flu strain mutates, the immune system may recognize the virus but at a reduced level of efficiencyh. Major changes to the genetic makeup of influenza strainsi. Greater consequence for humansj. Changes are noted on the surface spikes H and N of the influenza virus
Answers
Only Antigenic Shift: Similarities Between Shift and Antigenic Drift. viral mutation on its own. Small genetic modifications to influenza strains.
What does the genetic alteration in the flu virus mean?"Antigenic shift" is another term for a change. Shift is a rapid, significant alteration in an influenza A virus that causes the human-infecting flu viruses to produce new HA and/or new HA and NA proteins. A novel influenza A subtype could arise due to an antigenic change.
The influenza virus's main target is what?The main target of the human adaptive immune response to the influenza virus is the HA protein, which is also the main ingredient in influenza virus vaccines. Each monomer of the homotrimer protein HA contains a globular head (HA1) and a stalk (HA2) domain..
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Related Questions
What new knowledge was gained from Frederick Griffiths work with pneumococci bacteria
Answers
Answer:The new knowledge gained from Frederick Griffith's work with pneumococci bacteria is that bacteria contain a physical substance that can change the structure of other bacteria. Therefore, option 3 is the correct answer.
Explanation:
What does a viral particle use from the host cell to enter the cell?CapsinNucleoid regionCell receptorMitochondria
Answers
For a virus to enter a cell, it may first recognize its membranal proteins, such as glycoproteins cell uses to recognize their media, including physicochemical variables, such as temperature, pH, and solute concentration, but also other cells, and pathogenic agents, such as a virus. These structures which are proteins are also known as cell receptors (as we can see in the third answer option), and they are encrusted in the membrane of the cells. we can see this graphically in the pictures below.
Here, with the orange polygon, we can see how the virus and the cell first match together with the cell receptor.
In this picture, we can see an example of an infection by the Sars-CoV-2 entering the cell via the cell receptor, in this case, the ACE2 receptor.
what the disadvantages of integrated of farming?
Answers
Answer:
can be in the fact that not all of the existing products/measures can be used - for example, restriction in use of herbicides.
Explanation:
From a farmer's point of view, the disadvantages of integrated farming can be in the fact that not all of the existing products and/or measures can be used. For example, restriction in use of herbicides.
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4. As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH
levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloride acid (HCI),
and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCI converts pepsinogen into
pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most
likely happens to pepsin as
it enters the small intestine?
A. It becomes inactive.
B. It begins to replicate.
C. It's shape changes to engulf large proteins.
D. It's activity increases
to digest more proteins.
Answers
What is the purpose of natural selection?
Answers
Answer:
The purpose of natural selection is not a conscious or intentional one, as it is not driven by a specific goal or purpose. Instead, natural selection is a fundamental process in biology that acts on heritable traits within populations over generations. It is a key mechanism of evolution.
Explanation:
The primary outcome of natural selection is the adaptation of organisms to their environment. Individuals with traits that are advantageous in a particular environment are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on those beneficial traits to their offspring. Conversely, individuals with traits that are disadvantageous are less likely to survive and reproduce, leading to a reduction in the frequency of those traits in the population over time.
Natural selection, therefore, acts as a filter that shapes the characteristics of populations, favoring traits that enhance an organism's survival and reproductive success in a given environment. Over many generations, this process can lead to the development of new species or the modification of existing ones, as populations accumulate adaptations that allow them to thrive in different ecological niches.
It's important to note that natural selection does not have an end goal in mind, nor does it necessarily lead to the "best" or most advanced organisms. Instead, it is a consequence of the interactions between organisms and their environment, constantly shaping and refining the traits of living beings based on their ability to survive and reproduce.
indicate the importance of this communication
Answers
Answer:
the importance of this communication it to find a mate and procreate/reproduce. if reproduction didn't happen the population will die down and go extinct
how do similarities between vertebrae embryos provide evidence of evolution
Answers
The similarities between vertebrate embryos indicate that they will be born with similar or homologous structures, indicating that they evolved from a common ancestor.
The correct option is A.
How do similarities between vertebrae embryos provide evidence of evolution?The similarities between vertebrae embryos provide evidence of evolution by suggesting that different species share a common ancestry.
This is because the development of the vertebrate embryo involves a series of complex processes that are guided by genetic instructions, and the similarities between the embryos of different species suggest that they inherited these instructions from a common ancestor.
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Select the best answer for the question.
16. Identify the appropriate mixed number for the picture shown.
O A. 1 1/4
O B.1/4
O C.4/5
O D.5/4
Answers
The mixed number for the given picture is 1 1/4, the correct option is A.
What are mixed numbers?A mixed number is one that manages to combine a whole number and an appropriate fraction.
To transform mixed numbers to improper fractions, follow these three steps: Multiply the numerator by the whole number.
Step 1 is to the numerator, add the answer from. Step 2 is adding the numerator to the product got from step 1.Step 3 is writing the improper fraction with the sum got from step 2 in the numerator/denominator form.In the given picture, there is one box completely filled and one forth portion in second block is filled, so it is representing mixed number i.e., 1 1/4.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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When can a mutation lead to an adaptation?
Answers
Answer:
If the mutation has a deleterious affect on the phenotype of the offspring, the mutation is referred to as a genetic disorder. Alternately, if the mutation has a positive affect on the fitness of the offspring, it is called an adaptation.
Explanation:
Residual parent material refers to the *weathered rock* and *soil* that remains in its place of origin, while *transported parent material* is material that has been carried and deposited by natural agents such as water, wind, or glaciers.
The impact of these different types of parent material on *soil formation* can be significant. Residual parent material tends to contribute to the formation of soils with characteristics similar to the parent rock. The weathering process breaks down the rock into smaller particles, allowing for the development of soil horizons and the release of minerals that influence soil fertility. In contrast, transported parent material can introduce a diverse range of materials to a given area, leading to variations in soil composition, texture, and fertility. The transportation process can mix different types of sediment, resulting in the formation of heterogeneous soils with varying properties.
Answers
Residual parent material is the rock and soil that is still located in its original location and is weathered. Transported parent material is material that is carried and deposited by natural agents such as water, wind, or glaciers. The effect of these different types of parent material on soil formation can be significant.
Residual parent material usually contributes to the development of soils with qualities similar to the parent rock. The breakdown of rock into smaller particles through weathering enables the formation of soil horizons and the release of minerals that influence soil fertility.
The physical and chemical characteristics of soils derived from this form of parent material are often similar and homogeneous, allowing for predictable fertility and properties. Transported parent material, on the other hand, can introduce a diverse range of materials to a given area, resulting in variations in soil composition, texture, and fertility.
The transportation process can blend different types of sediment, resulting in the formation of heterogeneous soils with different characteristics. Transported parent material can also be exposed to weathering processes, altering its original composition and resulting in soils with varying degrees of fertility.
While transported parent material can increase the diversity of soil properties in an area, it can also make it difficult to predict soil characteristics, particularly in areas where different types of sediment have been deposited. The relationship between parent material and soil development is complex, with both the initial characteristics of the material and the surrounding environment influencing soil properties.
In general, residual parent material contributes to the development of homogeneous soils with predictable properties, while transported parent material can result in more diverse and heterogeneous soils.
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When will natural selection occur?
A.When there is no competition
B.When there is limited food
C.When there are plenty of resources
D.When there is no genetic variation
Answers
Answer:
I think when there is no genectic variation
Explanation:
Answer:
when there is limited food
Explanation:
Based on the dolphins, (mammals of the ocean), why
is it recommended that women who are going to
become pregnant, are pregnant, are nursing and/or
young children, not eat seafood and shellfish in large
quantities or more than 1x per week?
Answers
Answer:
Raw shellfish may be contaminated with harmful bacteria and viruses, and therefore carries a higher risk of food poisoning.
Explanation:
You’re naturally more susceptible to food poisoning during pregnancy because of changes to your metabolism and circulation, and as well as being unpleasant for you, food poisoning can increase the risk of premature delivery and infections in your baby
The diagram below represents a stack of rock layers. Examine the diagram, and answer the question that follows.
What do these layers and their fossils suggest about Earth's history?
A.
There have been changes in Earth's lifeforms over time.
B.
Lifeforms on Earth have been the same over time.
C.
No lifeforms were present when these layers formed.
D.
Only one kind of lifeform lived where these layers formed.
Answers
Fossils are animals and vegetable remains that get deposited or printed in sedimentary layers. Option A is correct: There have been changes in Earth's lifeforms over time.
What is a fossil?
Fossils are animal and vegetable rests found in different strata of sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary layers deposit chronologically, so they are used to reflect history. They keep in each layer some of the forms of life that inhabited that area in the past.
Fossils are very useful while dating ages. Index fossils are the fossilized organizms that only used to exist in a given era or geological period during evolution.
Fossil registers show that similar or different structured have been inhabiting the same area in the same period of time.
According to this framework, we can assume option A is correct: There have been changes in Earth's lifeforms over time.
In the image, from the bottom (oldest layers) to the upper part (most recent layers), we can see how the organisms inhabiting this area changed with the pass of time.
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INDEPENDENT, DEPENDENT, OR CONTROL?
You water three sunflower plants with salt water. Each plant receives a
different concentration of salt solution. A fourth plant receives pure water.
After a two-week period, the height is measured.
1. Is the height the independent variable or dependent variable?
2. What is the control group in this experiment?
Answers
Answer:
dependent variable
the control group is the fourth plant with pure water.
Explanation:
How food energy is transferred through a kelp forest food chain. Identifying the roles of the organisms in the food chain. Identifying the producer, primary consumer (herbivore), secondary consumer, and tertiary consumer (kelp-sea urchins-otters-orca) Please Help!!!!!!
Answers
How are enzymes and substrates related?
A. The enzyme and substrate are mirror images of each other.
B. The enzyme and substrate fit together like a lock and key.
C. The enzyme produces the substrate.
D. The enzyme and substrate are identical.
Answers
Answer:
the enzyme and substrate fit together like a lock and key.
Which describes where fog forms?
(A) at the ground
(B) in the upper atmosphere
(C) where the air has very low humidity
(D) where the atmosphere contains few particles
Answers
Answer: A.) at the Ground
Explanation: Just did the edgeunity Pretest ;)
Answer:
A) at the ground
Explanation:
edge 22
relate the process of rock cycle into your life
Answers
A scientist is testing whether light color affects plant
growth. She places three groups of plants in boxes, each
with only one color of light: red, blue, or green. She places
a fourth group of plants in natural light. Each day she
measures the plants and records their growth.
What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
OA. The color of light the plants received
B. The plants in natural light
OC. The type of plants she used
D. The growth of the plants
Answers
The dependent variable in this experiment is D. The growth of the plants.
The scientist is measuring and recording the growth of the plants each day, which is the variable that is being affected and influenced by the different colors of light. The growth of the plants is the outcome that is dependent on the variable being tested, which is the light color.The dependent variable in this experiment is the growth of the plants, as it is the outcome that is being measured and recorded. The scientist is interested in observing how the different colors of light affect the growth of the plants. By comparing the growth of the plants in red, blue, green, and natural light conditions, the scientist can analyze the impact of light color on plant growth.In conclusion, the dependent variable in this experiment is the growth of the plants. By manipulating the colors of light that the plants receive and measuring their growth over time, the scientist aims to determine the effect of light color on plant growth.
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Most articles pass right through the atom, this means that most of the atom is
Answers
Most articles pass right through the atom, this means that most of the atom is an empty space.
What is an atom?An atom is described as a particle that consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of electrons.
Protons and neutrons make up the core nucleus of an atom, which is encircled by an electron cloud. In relation to the size of the atom as a whole, the nucleus is exceedingly small.
As a result, the electrons surrounding the nucleus are the primary target of interactions when particles or even light pass through an atom. The majority of the atom's remaining space, which includes the nucleus, is vacant.
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please help me asap
Answers
Answer:
i think its the 3rd one
im not sure so im sorry if its wrong
Explanation:
Identity each event as the result of mechanical weathering or chemical weathering.
mechanical weathering chemical weathering
The minerals in a marble statue react
with water to form acids and pores in
the structure.
A piece of rock crumbles after being
constantly thrashed by strong waves.
Industrial runoff forms cracks in a
rocky structure in its path.
The rocks in a region are streaked
orange after being exposed to
repeated rains.
Answers
The events described involve both mechanical and chemical weathering processes, highlighting the complex nature of how weathering affects geological structures.
The events can be identified as the result of mechanical weathering or chemical weathering as follows:
The minerals in a marble statue react with water to form acids and pores in the structure - This is an example of chemical weathering. The water reacts chemically with the minerals in the marble, causing them to dissolve and form acids. These acids further react with the marble, leading to the formation of pores and overall degradation of the statue's structure.
A piece of rock crumbles after being constantly thrashed by strong waves - This is an example of mechanical weathering. The constant thrashing of strong waves exerts physical force on the rock, causing it to break apart or crumble. This type of weathering occurs due to mechanical forces like abrasion, pressure, or impact that physically break down the rock into smaller pieces.
Industrial runoff forms cracks in a rocky structure in its path - This is a combination of chemical and mechanical weathering. The industrial runoff may contain acidic or corrosive substances that chemically react with the minerals in the rock, leading to their dissolution or weakening. The cracks in the rocky structure may also be a result of the mechanical force exerted by the flowing runoff, causing physical fractures in the rock.
The rocks in a region are streaked orange after being exposed to repeated rains - This is an example of chemical weathering. The repeated rains introduce water into the rocks, which may contain dissolved iron compounds. Over time, these iron compounds oxidize in the presence of water and oxygen, leading to the formation of orange-colored iron oxide minerals, such as rust. The streaking of rocks with orange indicates the chemical transformation of the minerals due to the weathering process.
In summary, the events described involve both mechanical and chemical weathering processes, highlighting the complex nature of how weathering affects geological structures. Mechanical weathering involves physical forces breaking down rocks, while chemical weathering involves chemical reactions leading to the alteration or dissolution of minerals.
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You and I all have between 30 to
chemicals in our bodies that our grandparents didn't have.
Many of these chemicals are now linked to the skyrocketing incidents of chronic childhood disease that
we're seeing across industrialized nations.
O 150
O 1000
O 50,000
O 75
Answers
Answer:
The answer is not provided in the given text. It only mentions that we have between 30 to thousands of chemicals in our bodies that our grandparents didn't have and some of these chemicals are linked to chronic childhood diseases.
Explanation:
In chickens, comb shape is determined by genes at two loci (R, r and P, p). A walnut comb is produced when at least one dominant gene R is present at one locus and at least one dominant gene P is present at a second locus (genotype R_ P_). A rose comb is produced when at least one dominant gene is present at the first locus and two recessive genes are present at the second locus (genotype R_ pp). A pea comb is produced when two recessive genes are present at the first locus and at least one dominant gene is present at the second (genotype rr P_). If two recessive genes are present at the first and the second locus (rr pp), a single comb is produced. Give genotypes for comb shape of the parents in the following cross: Rose crossed with pea produces 20 walnut offspring.
a. RR PP × rr pp
b. RR Pp × rr pp
c. Rr PP × rr pp
d. Rr Pp × rr pp
e. Rr pp × rr pp
Answers
Answer:
in the obtained options, there is no dominant gene for the crossed pairs, therefore, no answer would be correct, however, when assigning a dominant character to the P gene, the correct answer would be:
E. Rr pp *rrPp
Explanation:
According to the information obtained we deduce:
Comb shape is produced by R and P
Comb of walnuts with an R or a P
Pink comb: 1 dominant P and R at the first locus and 2 recessive at the next locus
Pea comb: 2 recessive at the start and one dominant in the next position
1 single comb: 2 recessive at both loci
Rr pp × rr Pp will produce from the interbreeding: 2 walnuts, 1 single and 1 pea offspring.
We deduce that for the pink comb the genotype is: Rrpp
and for the pea comb it is rrPp
Rr pp × rr Pp generates crosslinks containing RrPp, rrPp, rrpp as children in a 2: 1: 1 ratio.
The initial period of population growth for a species in an environment is
a. linear
b. exponential
c. slow
d. negative
Please select the best answer from the choices provided.
Ο Α
ОВ
ОС
OD
Answers
Answer:
The Answer is C
Explanation:
Got it correct on the quiz.
what are the theories that were advanced to explain the origin of the HIV virus
Answers
Answer:
Despite three decades of public health promotion based on the scientific explanation of HIV/AIDS, alternative explanations of the disease continue to circulate. While these are seen as counter-productive to health education efforts, what is rarely analysed is their plurality and their tenacity. This article analyses the 'AIDS myths' collected by African HIV/AIDS workplace peer educators during an action research project. These beliefs about HIV/AIDS are organised, in this article, around core ideas that form the basis of 'folk' and 'lay theories' of HIV/AIDS.If you observed that the Sun did not set during an entire 24-hour period of time during the summer months of June, July, and August, where are you most likely located?
South Pole
a location in the mid-latitudes
North Pole
near the Equator
Answers
Sun did not set during an entire 24-hour period of time during the summer months of June, July, and August, you are most likely located at the North pole.
The sun does not set above this latitude during the summer because of the Arctic Circle Phenomenon. The Arctic Circle is a fictitious boundary. The Arctic Circle's North Pole experiences extended periods of continuous sunshine, mostly in the months of June, July, and August. The reason for this is that Earth's axis is slanted by 23 degrees, and during the summer months when it rotates, the North Pole aligns with our star. For instance, the farthest reaches of Norway.That is why during the summer months of June, July, and August, the Sun did not set for a full 24 hours.
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True or false Question #1 Aspen has just learned HPV. (the human papillomavirus),
which can cause genital warts and cancer is so common most seually-
active people get at least one type of HPV during their lives. Aspen is
cared about HPV and has discovered there is a vaccine for this virus.
Aspen can go to a healthcare provider to get the vaccine but has to go
back for a second dose later.
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation: One version of the human papillomavirus, which leads to most cases of cervical cancer, evolved in humans as a result of sex with Neanderthal, a new study shows
When jaw become large enough to hold the permanent teeth . The milk teeth fall and permanent teeth appear
Answers
The "exfoliation" or "shedding" of milk teeth is the name of the procedure.
What is the Dentition of Humans?The primary and permanent tooth sets make up the human dentition. Maxillary (upper) and Mandibular (lower) are the two opposing arches in which teeth are arranged. These can be split into their left and right halves along the midline (mid-sagittal plane).
Four Different Teeth Types and Their Purposes
The majority of individuals have 32 permanent adult teeth, which can be classified into four groups:
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.
.
.
.
Human Population Growth
Objectives: Create a graph of human population growth and use it to predict future growth and identify factors
that affect population growth,
Year
1650
1750
1850
1925
1956
1966
1970
1976
1980
1991
2000
2004
2012
Number of People (in billions)
.60
.70
1.0
2.0
2.5
3.3
3.6
4.0
4.4
5.5
6.0
6.5
7,5
Instructions for creating your graph:
Place time on the horizontal axis. Values should range from 1650 to 2050.
Place number of people on the vertical access. Values should range from 0 to 15 billion.
Make sure that your graph is a full page in size and you have the correct labels for the X and Y axis
Create a title for your graph.
中的质量
ARARIORAT
PARIRATURE
MA
¶¶¶ M
Analysis (use your graph to answer the following):
1. It took 1649 years for the world population to double, going from .25 billion people to .50 billion people.
How long did it take for the population to double once again?
A third time?
2. How long did it take for the population to double a second time?,
3. Use a different color to extend your graph to the year 2015,
In what year will the population reach 10 billion?
1. Based on your graph, how many years will it take for the population of 2000 to double?
The graph illustrates exponential growth. Based on the properties of this graph, what does this term mean?
Answers
Exponential growth refers to a rapid and continuously increasing rate of population growth over time, resulting in a steep upward curve on the graph.
It took 1649 years for the world population to double, going from 0.25 billion people to 0.50 billion people. To double once again, it would take the same amount of time, approximately 1649 years. A third doubling would also take approximately 1649 years.
The population doubled for the second time in the year 1950. It took around 100 years for the population to double for the second time.
Extending the graph to the year 2015, you would add data points for that year. The specific values would depend on the available population data for that year.
According to the graph, the population is projected to reach 10 billion around the year 2050.
Based on the graph, it appears that the population of 2000 will double in approximately 40 years. However, since the specific year for the population value of 2000 is not provided, the exact number of years cannot be determined.
The graph illustrates exponential growth. This term means that the population is increasing at an accelerating rate over time. As the population grows, the rate of increase becomes more significant, resulting in a steep upward curve on the graph. This indicates a rapid and continuous growth pattern rather than a linear or constant rate of growth.
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