Advanced Placement (AP) Quiz & Practice Tests - Test Your Skills
(1) In the early twentieth century, many authors felt that traditional literature could not capture the rapidly changing modern world and argued that new, experimental forms of writing were necessary. (2) Their movement, which came to be known as modernism, was influenced by many historical factors, including changing social norms and advances in science and technology. (3) But perhaps the most important factor in convincing authors that they needed new ways of writing was the First World War.(4) Some writers, such as the poets Siegfried Sassoon and Wilfred Owen, had firsthand experiences as soldiers that led them to depart from shopworn stuff that made warfare seem all right and depict the ugly realities of war. (5) When Owen described the shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells in the poem Anthem for Doomed Youth, for example, both the subject matter and its frank presentation signaled a departure from earlier representations of war.(6) Even writers who did not experience combat were deeply affected by the First World War, because the unexpectedly long-lasting and destructive conflict undermined faith in traditional ways of storytelling. (7) Some writers, such as Virginia Woolf and James Joyce, turned away from straightforward narration and toward a stream-of-consciousness style that recorded characters confused rush of thoughts and impressions. (8) Explaining this style, Woolf noted that the mind, exposed to the ordinary course of life, receives upon its surface a myriad impressions . . . From all sides they come, an incessant shower of innumerable atoms, composing in their sum what we might venture to call life itself. (9) Portraying life as a bombardment of impressions on the mind, Woolf was one of the most important modernist novelists.(10) The disruption of war was not the only stimulus for modernism in the early twentieth century. (11) As literature professor Laura Frost points out, modernist literary works are conspicuously labor intensive. (12) But the First World War changed peoples lives and perceptions like no other factor at the time did, and for this reason the war should be seen as the primary impetus for modernism.The writer wants to do research to find additional sources that support the writers main argument. All of the following are likely to be reliable research sources EXCEPTan excerpt from a novel by James Joyce that uses the stream-of-consciousness styleAa blog post ranking the bloggers five favorite modernist novelsBan entry on modernism in a well-known encyclopediaCan article from an academic journal discussing the poetic styles of a modernist writer not mentioned in the passageDan essay about the First World War in a literary reference bookE
(1) There is a long-running debate about whether or not vegetarianism improves the health of people who do not otherwise require special diets. (2) People thinking about becoming vegetarians should consider both sides of the debate, because each makes important points about our dietary needs.(3) Many studies have found that vegetarianism has important health benefits. (4) For example, a vegetarian diet is connected to lower rates of heart disease and diabetes as well as lower cholesterol levels. (5) Some studies have also shown that cancer rates are lower in vegetarians than in meat eaters and that vegetarians tend to live longer than nonvegetarians.(6) However, the typical vegetarian diet has drawbacks as well. (7) Vegetarians sometimes experience deficiencies in nutrients, including iron, calcium, fatty acids, protein, vitamin B12, and zinc. (8) The effects of these deficiencies can range from mild to severe and include fatigue, sleep issues, and delayed recovery from illness and injury.(9) Vegetarians draw on a variety of national cuisines: quinoa contains protein, many sea vegetables are rich in iron, and tofu and green leafy vegetables provide adequate amounts of calcium. (10) But certain nutrients are more readily available to meat eaters. (11) Occasional meat eating tends to provide the body with every essential amino acid needed for good health. (12) In addition, meat, fish, and poultry contain iron that is absorbed more easily than the iron contained in plants. (13) As a result, nonvegetarians suffer from anemia less frequently than vegetarians do. (14) Furthermore, the protein in meat has been proven more effective than the protein in plant-based foods at preventing the muscle loss that is common with aging. (15) Finally, vitamin B12, an integral aid to nervous system function and brain development, is naturally found in animal products and is not found in most plant foods. (16) When you put all this evidence together, it seems foolish to become a vegetarian.(17) Both vegetarian and nonvegetarian diets have benefits. (18) It seems, then, that the healthiest option may be a flexitarian diet, one that consists mostly of plants but occasionally includes meats so that all of the bodys nutritional needs can be met.The writer is considering adding the following sentence to the end of the second paragraph (sentences 3-5).Furthermore, the movie What the Health claims that patient organizations such as the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association have systematically obscured how healthy vegetarianism is and how unhealthy meat eating is.Should the writer add this sentence to the end of the second paragraph?Yes, because it effectively provides support for the second paragraphs claim that vegetarianism is healthy.AYes, because it provides necessary context about the debate between advocates and skeptics of vegetarian diets.BYes, because it sets up the discussion of the health benefits of eating meat in the fourth paragraph.CNo, because it presents a claim that several organizations are untrustworthy without providing any evidence to support the claim.DNo, because it fails to explain why the organizations in question would have a perspective on the effects of a vegetarian dietE