Here are a few facts:
Fact #1:
Broad spectrum antibiotic is one which covers gram positive, gram negative, anaerobes and atypical pathogens.
Fact #2:
Presently, third generation antibiotics ceftriaxone , ceftazidime, cefotaxime and panamas are broadest spectrum anti biotics.
Fact #3:
A narrow-spectrum antibiotic is one that acts on specific groups on bacteria only unlike broad-spectrum antibiotics that are known to be effective on wide range of bacterial species.
What are antibiotics?Any of a group of chemical substances, as penicillin or streptomycin, produced by various microorganisms and fungi, having the capacity in dilute solutions to inhibit the growth of or to destroy bacteria and other microorganisms, used chiefly in the treatment of infection diseases.
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Quick Lesson Walkthrough:
Antibiotics Broad Spectrum vs Narrow Spectrum___________
Two Groups of antibioticsAn antibiotic may be classified basically as "narrow- spectrum" or "broad-spectrum" depending on the range of bacterial types that it affects.
Narrow spectrum AntibioticsNarrow-spectrum antibiotics are active against a selected group of bacterial types.
Advantages/DisadvantagesThe narrow spectrum antibiotic will cause less resistance of the bacteria as it will deal with only specific bacteria. Narrow spectrum antibiotics can be used only if the causative organism is identified. If you don't choose the drug very carefully, the drug may not actually kill the microorganism causing the infection.
Broad spectrum AntibioticsBroad-spectrum antibiotics are active against a wider number of bacterial types and, thus, may be used to treat a variety of infectious diseases.
USES OF BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS:Broad-spectrum antibiotics are properly used in the following medical situations: Prior to identifying the bacteria that is causing an illness when there is potentially serious illness would result in delay of treatment. This occurs, for example, in meningitis, where the patient can become so ill that he/she could die within hours if broad-spectrum antibiotics are not initiated. For drug resistant bacteria that do not respond to other, more narrow spectrum antibiotics.
Advantages/DisadvantagesSome advantages are broader spectra of activity, a clear advantage to the use of broad spectrum antibiotics is that there is less of a need to identify the infecting pathogen with real certainty before beginning treatment.
Some disadvantages are that children who receive broad-spectrum antibiotics during their first year of life are at increased risk of developing childhood Asthma. Broad spectrum antibiotics may give rise to drug resistance.
______________
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Broad-spectrum antibiotics are effective against a wide range of bacteria, targeting both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This versatility makes them valuable for treating various types of infections.
What are Broad-spectrum antibiotics?Broad-spectrum antibiotics can be both a blessing and a curse. While they can effectively treat a wide array of bacterial infections, they can also disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the body, leading to antibiotic resistance and potential side effects.
Examples of broad-spectrum antibiotics include amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin, among others. These antibiotics are commonly prescribed for respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin infections, and more.
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are often used when the specific bacteria causing an infection are unknown or when multiple types of bacteria are suspected. They provide a broader coverage compared to narrow-spectrum antibiotics, which target specific types of bacteria.
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Big Question:How is energy/matter transferred throughout an ecosystem?
Answer:
Food webs can transfer energy because the proteins from an animal can go on, this benefits ecosystems.
what is a pest? explain the difference between target organisms and nontarget organisms, and give examples. explain some safety and health concerns associated with the use of pesticides.
Any organism that spreads disease, causes damage, or is otherwise a nuisance is considered a pest. Mosquitoes, mice, and weeds are a few types of pests. Insects are not always a pest. Insects of many different varieties are helpful creatures because they consume other insects.
What are pests and their types?An animal that could be detrimental to people is categorised as a pest. For instance, they might harm forestry, livestock, or crops. They might also invade homes and workplaces and create a commotion. Pests come in four varieties: rodents, insects, birds, and wildlife.
Why is it crucial to recognise pests?Knowing the kind of insects you find around your house or garden will help you determine whether they are dangerous.
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Dr. Jablonski describes learning that low folate levels are linked to severe birth defects as a "eureka moment." Explain what she means by this.
discovered connection between darker skin colors & fitness related trait
lack of folate -> birth defects, and exposure to UV breaks down folate
Dr. Jablonski describes learning that low folate levels are linked to severe birth defects as a "eureka moment" which means that she has experienced a moment of sudden realization or discovery. This discovery has been crucial to the prevention of birth defects and the improvement of maternal and infant health.
The low folate levels were found to be linked to severe birth defects such as anencephaly, spina bifida, and other neural tube defects. Neural tube defects are severe birth defects that occur when the spine and brain fail to develop properly. Neural tube defects are considered to be one of the most serious birth defects because they can lead to lifelong disability and even death. Dr. Jablonski's discovery has helped to prevent these birth defects and improve maternal and infant health. The exposure to UV breaks down folate which could lead to a lack of folate, and thus to birth defects. Furthermore, Dr. Jablonski also discovered the connection between darker skin colors and fitness-related traits. This has contributed to our understanding of the evolution of human skin color. It was discovered that darker skin color is an adaptation that protects against the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Therefore, people with darker skin are less likely to develop skin cancer, but they may also be more prone to vitamin D deficiency if they live in areas with low levels of sunlight.
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A griffin is a mythical creature that appears in many stories. It has the head of an eagle and the body of a lion. What role, if any, could the griffin have in the science of biology? A. The griffin could be the subject of an investigation of animals. B. The griffin could be cited as evidence to evaluate a hypothesis or theory. C. The griffin could be used to test new ideas about animal structures or behaviors. D. The griffin has no role in biology, because it is not real.
Answer:
d is the corect answere.
Explanation:
What does population density measure?
in what order should these cellular structures be placed going from outer part to inner part of the cell
Cell structure theories have evolved significantly throughout time. Cells were once thought to be simple membrane sacs holding fluid and a few floating particles, according to early scientists.
Biologists now understand that cells are vastly more intricate than this. Cells in the body come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and kinds.
The idea of a "generalized cell" is proposed for descriptive reasons. It incorporates characteristics from all cell types.
A cell is made up of three parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cytoplasm that lies between the two. The cytoplasm contains elaborate arrangements of small fibers as well as hundreds or even thousands of minuscule but unique structures known as organelles.
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5. A sea otter's muscle cells produce heat that keeps the otter warm. Explain how at least two structures inside a cell work
together as part of this process.
The two structures in Sea otters which work together as part of this
process include the following:
MitochondrionAdipose tissueWhat is Mitochondria?This is regarded as the power house of the cell in which ATP is generated
for distribution to other parts of the cells.
Sea otters have adipose tissues which are thick as a result of the presence
of fat. The mitochondrion in this animal is leaky and energy is easily
released in the form of heat even when the animal isn't performing any
activity.
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Which best indicates pen pressure in handwriting analysis?
The height-to-width ratio is uniform.
The capital letters and lowercase letters are connected.
The letters are either above, below, or on a baseline.
The downstrokes and upstrokes are an even width .
Answer:
The letters are either above, below, or on a baseline.
Explanation:
Increased activity of which cell causes the deterioration of the alveolar walls that occurs in emphysema?
Increased activity macrophage cell causes the deterioration of the alveolar walls that occurs in emphysema.
What is Macrophage?The immune system's macrophages are a type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests pathogens like cancer cells, bacteria, cellular debris, and foreign objects that lack proteins that are distinctive to healthy body cells. Phagocytosis is the procedure, and it serves to protect the body against injury and infection.
Almost all tissues contain these enormous phagocytes, which move like amoebas to search for potential pathogens. The mononuclear phagocyte system is made up of cells that come in a variety of shapes (and go by many names) throughout the body, including histiocytes, Kupffer cells, alveolar macrophages, microglia, and others.
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What is the structure labeled A in the cells above?
Answer:
Mitochondria
Explanation:
Imagine you are an oxygen molecule which has been breathed in by a person carrying out rigorous exercise, produce a piece of creative writing to describe the journey of this oxygen molecule.
As an oxygen molecule, for a brief moment, I am part of the person's body, helping them to achieve their goal. It is a rush like no other, an adventure that I will always remember. As the person exhales, I am released back into the world, ready to start my journey anew.
What is the path of an oxygen molecule after exercise?As I, an oxygen molecule, being breathed in by a person engaging in rigorous exercise, I am thrust into an adventure like no other. My journey begins as I am inhaled through the person's nostrils and into their lungs. The air is warm and humid, and I can feel the rush of air as it propels me deeper into the person's respiratory system.
As I travel down the bronchial tubes, I am surrounded by a sea of other oxygen molecules, all eager to reach our final destination. The person's body is working hard, and I can feel the excitement building within me as I approach the alveoli.
Suddenly, I find myself surrounded by a vast network of tiny air sacs, each one pulsing with activity. Without hesitation, I diffuse through the thin walls of the alveoli and enter the person's bloodstream. I am swept away by the flow of blood, coursing through the person's veins and arteries, and carried towards my ultimate destination.
As the person's muscles work harder and harder, I feel the pace of my journey quicken. I am driven forward by the energy of the person's body, propelled toward the muscles that need me most. Finally, I reach my destination, and I am absorbed by the muscle cells, providing them with the oxygen they need to keep moving.
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which of the following are associated with mitotic division in animals (select all that apply)? question 5 options: ploidy reduction contractile ring synapsis kinetochores recombination cell plate
The mitotic division in animals is associated with ploidy reduction, contractile ring, kinetochores, and cell plate.
What is mitotic division?
The mitotic division is the process in which the mother cell divides into two identical daughter cells. It is the method used by single-celled organisms to reproduce and also by multicellular organisms to develop their somatic (non-gamete) cells, allowing them to regenerate and repair tissues that are damaged.
For the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and asexually generating new individuals, mitotic cell division is essential. The following are associated with mitotic division in animals:
Ploidy reduction: This ensures that the daughter cells that arise after division have the same chromosome count as the parent cell.
Contractile Ring: The contractile ring is another critical feature of mitotic division. This ring forms around the cell, and it is made up of actin and myosin fibers. These fibers contract to allow for the separation of the cell.
Kinetochores: The kinetochores are another essential aspect of mitotic division. They are large protein complexes that connect the chromosomes to the spindle fibers, allowing for the separation of the chromosomes.
Recombination: The recombination process also occurs during mitotic division in animals. This process allows for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes. It is essential in ensuring that the daughter cells have a unique genetic makeup.
Cell Plate: The cell plate is another critical feature of mitotic division. It is responsible for forming the cell wall between the newly formed daughter cells.
Therefore, ploidy reduction, contractile ring, kinetochores, and cell plate are all associated with mitotic division in animals.
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Earth's constantly absorbs energy from the sun, yet stays at a relatively constant temperature. Explain how
Answer: This could be because of how humans as well as plants use that energy from the sun to create energy, but also because though energy from the sun is always on Earth, it can only provide light and energy to on side of the planet at a time. If energy from the sun were hit the earth from all angles it would increase the surface temperature.
Explanation:
What evidence will you look for during this experiment to help you determine the best concentration of saline for your patient?
(principle of biomedical science, activity 3.2.2.)
To help you determine the best saline concentration for your patient, it is necessary to know the dilution factor.
How to find the dilution factor?You can identify a solution dilution by the amount of solute in the total volume, expressed as a ratio. For example, a chemical substance can be prepared in a 1/10 (1:10) dilution of alcohol, indicating that a 10mL vial contains 1mL of the substance (solute) and 9mL of alcohol (diluent).
With this information, we can conclude that to help you determine the best saline concentration for your patient, you need to know the dilution factor.
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The best concentration of saline would be the one that does not result in a change in the cells' mass.
Jeannie put her soccer ball on the ground on the
side of a hill. Which force acted on the soccer
ball to make it roll down the hill?
A. gravity
B. electricity
C. friction
D. magnetism
Answer:
A. gravity
Explanation:
gravity is a force that makes things go downwards in this case Jeannie put her soccer ball on the ground on the side of the hill, the hill was in the top hence the ball went downward
give a brief description of the process of synthesis of food in green plants
Answer:
The process by which plants make food is photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process in which green plants use sunlight to make their own food. Photosynthesis requires sunlight, chlorophyll, water, and carbon dioxide gas. Chlorophyll is a substance in all green plants, especially in the leaves.
Analyze
1. What are the biotic and abiotic factors the scientists monitor which influence this
bat population?
Name the region of the atom where protons and
neutrons are located. This region is indicated by
label B.
Name the region of the atom where electrons are
located. This region is indicated by label A.
DONE
Answer:
Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus
Electrons are located in the electron orbital
Answer:
Nucleus and Orbitals
Explanation:
where are proteins synthesized in a cell? and what is their pathway through the cell as they are being constructed and travel through the cell to secretion?
Proteins are synthesized inside a cell's ribosomes. The pathway of proteins through the cell begins with the transcription of DNA into mRNA within the nucleus.
What is cell?Cell is the basic unit of life, which is the smallest unit capable of performing all functions of life. It is responsible for the growth, development and reproduction of an organism. Cells are also the building blocks of tissues and organs, and consist of various components, such as cytoplasm, nucleus, and cell membrane.
This mRNA is then transported to the ribosome, where it is translated into a polypeptide chain. This chain then undergoes a series of modifications as it moves through various organelles within the cell, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. The modified protein is then transported to its final destination, such as the cell membrane, or outside the cell through the process of secretion.
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Cells called transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between the tissues and the lungs.a. Trueb. False
the answer is true I
PLEASE HELP 20 POINTS DUE
Answer:
bacteria
Explanation:
the life of the cell is called the ____ _______
Answer:
Unit Of Life
Explanation:
Adult female monkeys from one population breed with male monkeys of a nearby population. The introduction of new alleles into the first population's gene pool is an example of
Answer:
The introduction of new alleles into the gene pool of the first population, from another population, is an example of gene flow.
Explanation:
In population genetics, gene flow consists of the passage or transfer of gene alleles between populations, a process that is related to the migratory dynamics of a population.
When gene flow occurs, a population can gain new genetic material or lose it, which is reflected in traits or characteristics of that population.
If an adult monkey interbreeds with an adult monkey from another population there will be a gene flow that will probably introduce specific trait information into the gene pool of their respective populations.
Read each of the sentences and associate it with the correct number of genes affecting phenotypes. Place each sentence into the correct
box. (HINT: One sentence should be sorted into both boxes.)
Depending on the number of alleles involved, two to three distinct phenotypes are generally observed.
A graph of the frequencies of phenotypes often shows a normal distribution.
Genes may be on the same chromosome or different chromosomes.
All alleles are of the same gene.
Each gene may have two or more alleles.
What is a Gene?
This is defined as the basic unit of heredity and is usually passed from parent to offspring.
The most appropriate association of correct number of genes affecting phenotypes can be seen above.
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A scientist determined the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by measuring the amount of product formed over time. The following curve was generated from the data collected. What is the most likely explanation for the change in the slope of the line between 4 and 6 minutes?.
A large amount of substrate had been consumed between 4 and 6 minutes, the line's slope changes.
What is an example of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?The zymase enzyme converts glucose into ethyl alcohol, which is then produced together with carbon dioxide. Starch to maltose conversion: Diastase is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of starch to maltose. A series of processes, including non - covalent interactions substrate binding, geometric rearrangements of the enzyme in its bound state.
What characteristics differentiate an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?At its ideal temperature, a catalyst performs at the highest level of efficiency. At either side of the optimal temperature, the activity of the biological catalysts decreases. The pH of a solution is important for biochemical catalysis.
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Although most solutes that enter or exit the cell are relatively small (inorganic ions, sugars, or amino acids), occasionally the movement of larger molecules into or out of the cell is required. For example, certain cells secrete proteins, such as pancreatic cells that secrete insulin. Other cells take up food particles or even entire cells, such as lymphocytes in your immune system. Transport of such large materials into and out of the cytosol cannot be accomplished by transport proteins in the plasma membrane. The transport of large molecules is accomplished by bulk transport via exocytosis and endocytosis. Like other forms of active transport, bulk transport requires an input of energy. Before beginning this tutorial, watch the segment of the Membrane Transport animation on exocytosis and endocytosis. Observe the role that vesicles play in transport of materials into and out of the cell. Part A - Exocytosis and endocytosis Sort the phrases into the appropriate bins depending on whether they describe exocytosis, endocytosis, or both.
Your question is incomplete. please read below to find the full content.
a. --> ENDOCYTOSIS
b. -->EXOCYTOSIS
c.--> ENDOCYTOSIS.
d. --> BOTH
e. --> EXOCYTOSIS
f. --> BOTH
g. --> EXOCYTOSIS
To answer the question, first, we need to know the meaning of endocytosis and exocytosis.
Endocytosis and exocytosis process refers to molecules transport mediated by vesicles. It occurs from and into the cell and needs energy to happen because it is active transport.
Cells can export many substances in vesicles or vacuoles that originate in specific organelles like, for instance, the Golgi complex. Organelles form new vesicles or vacuoles with substances destined for exportation and send them forward to the membrane. When they get there, they fuse to the cell membrane, releasing all their content to the extracellular space. When fussing, the vesicle membrane increases the size of the cellular membrane. This process is exocytosis, and its direction is always from the inside of the cell to the outside.
But there is also another vesicle-mediated transport that occurs from the exterior to the cell interior, the endocytosis process. It happens when the cell imports material from the extracellular space through the invagination of the membrane, producing a new vesicle that surrounds the incoming material. The invagination ends in strangulation of the membrane, releasing the new vesicle in the cytoplasm. This process decreases the size of the cellular membrane because it uses part of it to engulf the material.
Now that we know these concepts, we can sort the phrases into the appropriate bins.
a. decreases the surface area of the plasma membrane. ENDOCYTOSIS, because the new vesicles are formed using the cell membrane.
b. requires fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane. EXOCYTOSIS, because the vesicle needs to fuse to the cell membrane to release the carrying material.
c. forms vesicles from inward folding of the plasma membrane. ENDOCYTOSIS. Refers to the invagination process of the cell membrane. It only occurs during endocytosis
d. transported substances never physically cross the plasma membrane. BOTH. Substances are too big or too many to be physically transported through the cell membrane
e. increases the surface area of the plasma membrane. EXOCYTOSIS. Occurs when the vesicle fuses the cell membrane to release the content to the exterior.
f. requires cellular energy. BOTH of them, because they are active transport.
g. secretes large molecules out of the cell. EXOCYTOSIS. The direction is from the interior of the cell to the exterior. These are exportation molecules.
Although most solutes that enter or exit the cell are relatively small (inorganic ions, sugars, or amino acids), occasionally the movement of larger molecules into or out of the cell is required. For example, certain cells secrete proteins, such as pancreatic cells that secrete insulin. Other cells take up food particles or even entire cells, such as lymphocytes in your immune system. Transport of such large materials into and out of the cytosol cannot be accomplished by transporting proteins in the plasma membrane. The transport of large molecules is accomplished by bulk transport via exocytosis and endocytosis. Like other forms of active transport, bulk transport requires an input of energy. Before beginning this tutorial, watch the segment of the Membrane Transport animation on exocytosis and endocytosis. Observe the role that vesicles play in the transport of materials into and out of the cell.
Part A
Sort the phrases into the appropriate bins depending on whether they describe exocytosis, endocytosis, or both.
a. decreases the surface area of the plasma membrane
b. requires fusion of vesicles with the plasma membrane
c. forms vesicles from inward folding of the plasma membrane
d. transported substances never physically cross the plasma membrane
e. increases the surface area of the plasma membrane
f. requires cellular energy
g. secretes large molecules out of the cell
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PLSSS i need it, the first pic i answered by mistake
The correct genotype of the parents shown in the picture is Rr and Rr (option D).
What are genotypes?Genotypes are part (DNA sequence) of the genetic makeup of an organism which determines a specific characteristic (phenotype) of that organism.
According to this question, the dominant allele for flower color is red (R) while the recessive allele is white (r).
However, when two red colored parents were crossed, three red and one white offsprings were produced. This means that both of the parents carry a recessive allele for white coloration i.e. the parents are heterozygous.
This suggests that the genotype of both parents are Rr (red) and Rr (red) respectively.
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The vestibular system is located in two structures of the inner ear. please select the best answer from the choices provided t f
The vestibular sense has been originated from the inner ear. Thus, the given statement has been false.
The vestibular sense has been the sense of gravity or balance that helped the body maintain balance by the body while performing activities.
The sensory system in the body has been mediated by the spatial orientation of the body with a semicircular canal network. The orientation has been mediated within the vestibular labyrinth. The labyrinth has been located in the inner ear.
Thus, the vestibular sense has been originated from the inner ear. Thus, the given statement has been false.
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Answer:
True
Explanation:
The vestibular system is located in two structures of the inner ear.
Which of the following characteristics does N-gram Tracing look for in a person's writing?
O Common sequence of syllables used
O Handwriting embellishments
O Unusual letter formations
O Common slant pattern
The characteristics N-gram Tracing look for in a person's writing is A) Common sequence of syllables used.
What is N-gram tracing?N-gram tracing is a method of analyzing the frequency of n-grams in a person's writing. An n-gram is a sequence of n consecutive letters. For example, a 2-gram is a sequence of two consecutive letters, such as "th" or "re". A 3-gram is a sequence of three consecutive letters, such as "the" or "and".
N-gram tracing can be used to identify common sequence of syllables used in a person's writing. This is because people tend to use the same sequences of syllables repeatedly. For example, a person might commonly use the sequence "the" or "and" in their writing.
N-gram tracing can also be used to identify unusual letter formations in a person's writing. This is because people's handwriting can vary depending on their mood, their speed of writing, and other factors.
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What would happen to the rate of activity if you place Pepsin in the small intestine with a pH of 6?
Answer:
When it reaches the duodenum, though, it assumes an inactive form as the pH rises above 6. Pepsins are secreted by Brunner's glands of the duodenum, and the crypts of Lieberkühn of the small intestine secrete an aqueous fluid.