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Ethyl acetate is a sweet-smelling solvent used in varnishes and fingernail polish remover. It is produced industrially by heating acetic acid and ethanol
together in the presence of sulfuric acid, which is added to speed up the
reaction. The ethyl acetate is distilled off as it is formed. The equation for the
process is as follows.

CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH --> CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O

Determine the percentage yield in the following cases:
a. 68.3 g of ethyl acetate should be produced but only 43.9 g is recovered.
b. 0.0419 mol of ethyl acetate is produced but 0.0722 mol is expected. (Hint:
Percentage yield can also be calculated by dividing the actual yield in moles
by the theoretical yield in moles.)
c. 4.29 mol of ethanol is reacted with excess acetic acid, but only 2.98 mol of
ethyl acetate is produced.
d. A mixture of 0.58 mol ethanol and 0.82 mol acetic acid is reacted and 0.46
mol ethyl acetate is produced. (Hint: What is the limiting reactant?)

Answer:

The number of nitrogen molecules inside of berylluim nitrite are 5 cells.

Explanation:

The best order for the synthesis of the compound shown from benzene would be 1. nitration, 2. bromination, and 3. reduction.

Firstly, nitration involves adding a nitro group (-NO₂) to the benzene ring, which is achieved by reacting benzene with a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acid. This reaction is highly exothermic and can result in the formation of undesirable by-products if not carefully controlled. However, once the nitro group is added, it provides a suitable handle for subsequent functionalization reactions.

Next, bromination involves adding a bromine atom (-Br) to the benzene ring, which is achieved by reacting the nitrobenzene with a bromine source such as iron(III) bromide. This reaction replaces the nitro group with a bromine atom, which is more reactive and can undergo further reactions.

Finally, reduction involves converting the bromonitrobenzene to the desired compound by reducing the nitro and bromine groups to amine and alkyl groups, respectively. This can be achieved using a reducing agent such as hydrogen gas and a metal catalyst such as palladium on carbon. The reduction reaction must be carefully controlled to avoid over-reduction or under-reduction of the functional groups.

In summary, the best order for the synthesis of the compound shown from benzene is nitration, bromination, and reduction. This order ensures that the functional groups are added and modified in a controlled manner to achieve the desired product.

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Answer:

carbon because it is the main answer of these

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graphite is able to conduct electricity because it has delocalised electrons.

explanation:

carbon can bond 4 times, but in graphite it is only bonding to three other carbons, leaving one electron free to carry charge

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Radium have a lower ionization energy than Barium because electrons are closer to the nucleus

What is ionization energy?

Ionization energy can be simply stated as a measurement of an atom's or ion's inclination to give up an electron or of how challenging it is to remove an electron from them. An electron is often lost when a chemical species is in its ground state.

The atom displays a smaller radius than anticipated and the s electrons are more challenging to expel because these electrons are located nearer the nucleus. The first ionization enthalpy of Radium is higher than that of Barium.

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Answer:

342g/mol

Explanation:

Molar mass of carbon=12, hydrogen=1 and oxygen=16

therefore C12H22O11=12(12)+22(1)+11(16)

=144+22+176

=342g/mol

Answer:

OJ.J. Thomson

Explanation:

Answer:

microbiology

Explanation:

It ISNT occurs in substances that have discrete molecular structure

Explanation:

I took the test and got this wrong

2.03 mol  of H₂S contain 2.03 mol of S. A mole is exactly  6.022×10²³ , which equals Avogadro's number of particles.

A mole must be specified or be based on something repeatable, like all other units. The amount of atoms in a sample of the isotope carbon-12 was formerly the basis for the current definition of the mole, which is now based on other factors.

Today, a mole is exactly  6.022×10²³ , which equals Avogadro's number of particles. For all intents and purposes, the weight with one mole of a given substance in grams and the weight of one molecule in Daltons are essentially equivalent.  2.03 mol  of H₂S contain 2.03 mol of S.

Therefore, 2.03 mol  of H₂S contain 2.03 mol of S.

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Answer:

hope this helps

Explanation:

Water was on earth with the dinosaurs and almost at the very start.

Water starts anywhere from clouds to ponds

I choose ponds, water evaporates from the sun and moves its way through the air being collected into clouds in the atmosphere, clouds are evaporated water molecules, then the water combines to form rain wich then end up on a hill and travel back to a water source or goes into the ground and makes groundwater and if there is enough rain overtime will form a pond.

Stoichiometric equations for the combustion reactions ΔHf° (C2H2) = (2 x (-393.5)) + (-285.8) - (-1299.5) = +226.7 kJ mol-1(c) Acetylene hydrogenation reaction

Acetylene combustion reaction:C2H2 (g) + (5/2) O2 (g) → 2 CO2 (g) + H2O (l) ΔHc° = -1299.5 kJ mol-1 Hydrogen combustion reaction:2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 H2O (l) ΔHc° = - 483.7 kJ mol-1Ethane combustion reaction:C2H6 (g) + (7/2) O2 (g) → 2 CO2 (g) + 3 H2O (l) ΔHc° = - 1560 kJ mol-1(b) Heat of formation method for verifying the standard heat of combustion of acetylene: The standard heat of combustion of acetylene from the heat of formation method is:ΔHc° (C2H2) = 2 ΔHf° (CO2) + ΔHf° (H2O) - 2 ΔHf° (C2H2) = -1299.5 kJ mol-1ΔHf° (CO2) = -393.5 kJ mol-1ΔHf° (H2O) = -285.8 kJ mol-1.

For verifying the answer in Q4(e)(1) using Hess's Law, we need to convert acetylene hydrogenation reaction into a combination of other reactions:Reaction 1:C2H2 (g) + (2.5) O2 (g) → 2 CO2 (g) + H2O (l) ΔH1 = -1299.5 kJ mol-1Reaction 2:2 CO2 (g) + 2.5 H2 (g) → C2H6 (g) + 5 O2 (g) ΔH2 = +1560 kJ mol-1After multiplying and adding the above equations, we get the required reaction as:C2H2 (g) + 2 H2 (g) → C2H6 (g) ΔH = -396.1 kJ mol-1.

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Explanation:

A reaction at equilibrium essentially means that the number of reactants and products is constant (but not necessarily equal) and continue to be constant until a change is imposed on the system.

The required mass of calcium bromide is 35.98 grams.

Molarity is any solution is define as the number of moles of solute present in per liter of solution as;

M = n/V, where

Moles will be calculated by using the above equation as:

n = (4)(0.045) = 0.18 mole

Relation between the mass and moles of any substance will be represented as:

n = W/M, where

Mass of CaBr₂ = (0.18mol)(199.89g/mol) = 35.98g

Hence required mass of CaBr₂ is 35.98 grams.

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Answer:

Mass of Oxygen is equal to 0.005566 grams

Explanation:

As we know,

ppm=(grams of solute/grams of solution)*1,000,000

Substituting the given values, we get -

23 ppm = (grams of solute/242.0066 grams)*1,000,000

1 ml = 1 gram

On solving the above equation, we get -

grams of solute = (23 * 242.0066)/1,000,000

= 0.005566 grams

Mass of Oxygen is equal to 0.005566 grams

Silver-109 has a mass of 109 amu. It is one of the isotopes of the silver atm.

The term isotopes has to  do with the atoms of the same element that has the same atomic number but different mass numbers. This implies that the isotopes that we have do have the same number of protons but they do not have the same number of neutrons and the fact that they differ in the number of neutrons implies that would have the same chemical property.

We can see from the question that there are two isotopes of silver and tehse isotopes of silver have been identified as silver-107 and silver-109. The isotopes do have the same mass and not the same number of protons.

The percentage abundance of the two isotopes are not the same which means that one is more than the other. We can now see that the mass of the silver 109 in amu is 109 amu.

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Answer:

because Sulphur is written as S₂

Explanation:

The correct answer is: it is a chemical change, which could change some of the intensive and extensive properties of the carbon.

To answer this question, we must bear in mind that a chemical change involves the breaking of bonds in a substance and subsequent rearrangement of atoms to form a new substance.

This is why we say that in a chemical change, new substances are formed. Another name for a chemical change is a chemical reaction.

Having said that, it is clear that as graphite changes to diamond, bonds are broken and carbon atoms are rearranged.

This rearrangement of atoms leads to different intensive and extensive properties for graphite and diamond. For instance, graphite conducts electricity but diamond does not conduct electricity. Also, diamond is much denser and harder than graphite. A physical change can not lead to change in  some of the intensive and extensive properties of the carbon.

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28.125 grams of nitrogen monoxide will be formed upon the complete reaction of 30.0 grams of oxygen gas with excess nitrogen gas.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of nitrogen gas and oxygen gas is:

                     N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g)

Given that 30.0 grams of oxygen gas reacts completely with excess nitrogen gas, we have to determine the amount of nitrogen monoxide that will be formed.

Using the balanced chemical equation, we can see that 1 mole of oxygen reacts with 1 mole of nitrogen to produce 2 moles of nitrogen monoxide.

The molar mass of oxygen is 32 g/mol, while that of nitrogen monoxide is 30 g/mol.

Number of moles of oxygen gas present = 30.0 g / 32 g/mol

                                                                   = 0.9375 mol

Since 1 mole of oxygen reacts with 1 mole of nitrogen to produce 2 moles of nitrogen monoxide, the number of moles of nitrogen monoxide produced will be equal to that of oxygen.

Thus:

Number of moles of nitrogen monoxide produced = 0.9375 mol

Mass of nitrogen monoxide produced = Number of moles × Molar mass

= 0.9375 mol × 30 g/mol= 28.125 g

Therefore, upon the complete reaction of 30.0 grams of oxygen gas with excess nitrogen gas, 28.125 grams of nitrogen monoxide will be formed.

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The decay of the isotope N-16 occurs according to the reaction equation; 16/7 N -----> γ +  16/7 N.

The term radioactive decay has to do with the spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nucleus to yield radiation.

The decay of the N-16 nucleus releases gamma rays which a radioactive radiation according to the equation; 16/7 N -----> γ +  16/7 N.

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Cold water causes a strong reaction between all alkali metals. Each reaction results in the release of hydrogen gas and the production of metal hydroxide.

The six chemical elements that make up Group 1 ( Ia ) of the periodic table—lithium ( Li ), sodium ( Na ), potassium ( K ), rubidium ( Rb ), cesium ( Cs ), and francium—are together referred to as alkali metals ( Fr ). The name "alkali metals" refers to how they react with water to produce alkalies.

The elements in Group 1 are all extremely reactive. To protect them against air and water, they must be kept under oil when being stored. Group 1 elements produce alkaline metal hydroxides when they interact with water (with a pH above 7). They are known as "alkali metals" for this reason.

Thus, the elements in group 1 react with water to form a hydroxide and hydrogen gas is produced.

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Answer:

•A Brønsted-Lowry acid is any substance (molecule or ion) that can donate a hydrogen ion ( H+ ).

•A Brønsted-Lowry base is any species that can accept a hydrogen ion ( H+ ).

Explanation:

*example based on the picture*

Take the following reaction for example:

Hydrochloric acid ( HCl ) is the Brønsted-Lowry acid because it donates a hydrogen ion. Ammonia ( NH3 ) is the Brønsted-Lowry base because it accepts the hydrogen ion.

The Brønsted-Lowry theory also introduces the concept of conjugate acid-base pairs. A conjugate acid-base pair are two species that differ by a ( H+ ) ion.

Based on the reaction above, the ammonium ion( NH+4 ) is the conjugate acid of the base ammonia and the chloride ion ( Cl− ) is the conjugate base of hydrochloric acid.

Answer:

she ends at level 5 after her 3 turns

Explanation:

Rebecca starts at level 4 if she cuts down 6 trees for her next turn she loses 6 levels we can rewrite this as -6 so 4 + (-6) = -2 her next turn is planting 8 trees so she goes up 8 levels -2 + 8 = 6 her last turn she cuts down one tree

6 + (-1) = 5

altogether 4 + (-6) + 8 + (-1) = 5

No, the molecule \(NH_{3}\)  does not have a central atom with the same hybridization as oxygen in the water.

In water ( \(H_{2}O\) ), the oxygen atom forms two sigma bonds with two hydrogen atoms and also has two lone pairs of electrons, resulting in a tetrahedral molecular geometry. Oxygen in water has \(sp^{3}\) hybridization, which means it has four electron domains around the central atom.

The molecular geometry of ammonia is trigonal pyramidal, with the nitrogen atom at the center and the three hydrogen atoms and one lone pair of electrons surrounding it.  \(NH_{3}\) , on the other hand, has \(sp^{3}\)  hybridization as well but only has three electron domains around the central atom. Therefore, the hybridization of the central atoms in \(NH_{3}\) and water is not the same.

Therefore, while both water and ammonia have tetrahedral molecular geometries, the hybridization of the central atoms is different. The oxygen atom in water is \(sp^{3}\) hybridized, while the nitrogen atom in ammonia is also \(sp^{3}\)  hybridized.

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The remaining products for the process of the saponification for the following triacylglycerol or the triglyceride : the glycerol and the soap.

The Saponification process is the process of the reacting of the triglyceride with the sodium or the potassium hydroxide that will create the soap. The  former use of the hydroxide will be creates the hard soaps.

The water will not be created as the part of the reaction.  The three glycerol molecules will be form the glycerol. The three soap molecules will be produced. So, these are the salts of the sodium hydroxide and the monocarboxylic acid that is the soap.

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Answer:A

Explanation: Since the boiling point is 212. As salt keeps getting added the boiling temperature keeps going up. Meaning it will boil at a high temp.

Answer:

When chlorine and bromine atoms come into contact with ozone in the stratosphere, they destroy ozone molecules.

Explanation:

Answer:

Nitrogen is a diatomic molecule in the VA family on the periodic table. Nitrogen has five valence electrons, so it needs three more valence electrons to complete its octet. A nitrogen atom can fill its octet by sharing three electrons with another nitrogen atom, forming three covalent bonds, a so-called triple bond.

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Answer:

Two covalent bonds form between the two oxygen atoms because oxygen requires two shared electrons to fill its outermost shell. Nitrogen atoms will form three covalent bonds (also called triple covalent) between two atoms of nitrogen because each nitrogen atom needs three electrons to fill its outermost shell.

The number of electrons in an atom's outermost valence shell governs its bonding behaviour. Elements whose atoms have the same number of valence electrons are grouped together in the Periodic Table. ... To form a covalent bond, one electron from the halogen and one electron from another atom form a shared pair.

A 100 gram sample of NH₃ and MgCl₂, then the sample of magnesium chloride contains the smallest number of moles.

The term molar mass is defined as the mass of a given substance divided by the amount of that substance, measured in g/mol.

It is defined as MB = m / nB,

where m is the total mass of a sample of substance  

nB is the amount of substance

B given in moles.

Given:

Mass = 100 gram

The molar mass of NH₃ = 17.031 g/mol

The molar mass of MgCl₂ = 95.211 g/mol

Now, calculate the moles,

Moles of ammonia = 100.0 grams / 17.03 g/mol

= 5.872 moles

Moles of magnesium chloride = 100.0 grams / 95.21 g/mol

= 1.050 moles

Thus, The sample of magnesium chloride contains the smallest number of moles.

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