Why is dna synthesis considered to be discontinuous?.
Answers
DNA synthesis is discontinuous because of the replication process that occurs in short fragments referred to as Okazaki fragments. During DNA synthesis, the DNA helix is unwound, and new complementary strands are synthesized in the leading and lagging strands.The DNA polymerase enzyme synthesizes a new strand of DNA in the leading strand by reading the template strand continuously.
The lagging strand is synthesized in the direction opposite to the DNA helix's unwinding direction, which causes the DNA helix to form loops, leading to the formation of fragments. The DNA polymerase synthesizes Okazaki fragments in short sequences of DNA approximately 1,000-2,000 nucleotides long. As each Okazaki fragment is synthesized, the DNA polymerase requires a new primer to begin the next fragment. Primers are short nucleotide sequences that provide the starting point for DNA synthesis.
The Okazaki fragments are then joined together by DNA ligase to form the final strand of the lagging strand.In summary, DNA synthesis is considered to be discontinuous due to the replication process that occurs in short fragments referred to as Okazaki fragments. The lagging strand is synthesized in the direction opposite to the DNA helix's unwinding direction, leading to the formation of fragments. The DNA polymerase synthesizes Okazaki fragments in short sequences of DNA approximately 1,000-2,000 nucleotides long, and the Okazaki fragments are joined together by DNA ligase to form the final strand of the lagging strand.
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Related Questions
When Pangea broke apart about 200 MYA, groups of the same species became separated by oceans and were unable to mate, which led to them evolving into different species. This process is called:
Answers
Answer:
Evolution.
Explanation:
Evolution led to the same species evolving into different type of species. Evolution is the change occurs in the characteristics of a species over several generations through natural selection process. This change occur according to the adaptation of the organisms to the surrounding environment. The organisms having characteristics that helps in the survival of that organism in that specific environment.
in your own words explain how changes in solar activity affected global climate in the past !worth 50 points!
Answers
Answer:
In the past, changes in solar activity had a significant effect on global climate. When the sun was more active, it would produce more radiation and ultraviolet radiation, which would lead to an increase in global temperatures. On the other hand, when the sun was less active, less radiation was produced, which would lead to a decrease in global temperatures. These changes in solar activity could cause significant shifts in global climate, such as the Little Ice Age, which occurred from the mid-17th century to the mid-19th century.
Explanation:
Answer:
While solar changes have historically caused climate changes, the sun is mostly likely responsible for less than 15 percent of the global temperature increases we've seen over the last century, during which human-caused changes such as increased greenhouse gases caused the majority of warming."
Explanation:
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EXTRA POINTS‼️‼️‼️
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The answers for the given cell cycle and check point:
DHFCLBJEGKAIWhat are the answers for the given questions?The chromosomes are all lined up at the center of the cell by the spindle during metaphase, ready to divide.Telophase is the fifth and final phase of mitosis, the process that separates the duplicated genetic material carried in the nucleus of a parent cell into two identical daughter cells.Nuclear envelope collapse, or the disintegration of the nuclear envelope, takes place during prophase in higher eukaryotic cells.DNA replication causes the development of two identical sister chromatids for each chromosome, which are firmly connected at the centromere region during the S phase.A process known as DNA replication is used by a cell to copy its chromosomal DNA after every cell division. In the S phase, DNA is replicated, and in the M phase, the replicated DNA strands are precisely distributed to the two daughter cells.At the G2 checkpoint, the cell checksThe G1 checkpoint is situated just before the changeover to S phase, at the conclusion of G1 phase.Because of its spatial arrangement into tightly packed higher-order structures, chromatin condenses to a smaller volume.The centromere separates during anaphase, allowing the sister chromatids to divide.In the event that there were mistakes in the DNA replication during the S phase, the G2 checkpoint is employed to stop the cell from initiating mitosis.As a result of cytokinesis, animal cells develop cleavage furrows.To know more about chromosomes, visit:
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Put the following evolutionary steps in order. Start with the oldest event as #1, progress through the most recent event as #4. Vascular flowering plants evolve (angiosperms) Vascular non-seed plants evolve Vascular seed plants evolve (gymnosperms) Norrascular plants evolve In our module on Biomes we learned the foundations for terrestrial, freshwater, and marine biomes. Let's bring it all together and make sure we understand the essential terminology and characteristics. Match each term with its best deseription. This may take some tine to make all of these matches - go shoity, neview shides 6 nokes; and check your work Adense forest, fourd around 0 -10 degrees tathude A. River Continuarn Concept Conbination of broadieas deciducus and coniferous evergreen species, common B. Tropical sivarifa around New York and eastem USS C. Tundra Earth's most northern temestral biome- 1. Subtropical desert Vegetated wiver banks that influence frest water ecclogy M. Oceancizone W. Temperale grassiand Latgely destroyod and converted to agricutimal tonds, this beme of monty ground cover plarts had toigh soi fertlly due to extenevive plant roots Ali of the lespic and lotic systemis that eventually combine into one highoider fiver that enghes into the ocean Amethod of classifying wery tiver in the wodid according to As plyscal a ecological
Answers
The evolutionary steps in order are:
1. Vascular non-seed plants evolve
2. Vascular seed plants evolve (gymnosperms)
3. Vascular flowering plants evolve (angiosperms)
4. Non-vascular plants evolve
The correct order of the evolutionary steps is as follows: The first step is the evolution of vascular non-seed plants. These plants possess specialized tissues for conducting water and nutrients but do not produce seeds. Examples include ferns and horsetails.
The next step is the evolution of vascular seed plants, known as gymnosperms. Gymnosperms have vascular tissue and produce seeds that are not enclosed in a fruit. Examples include conifers like pine trees and spruces.
The third step is the evolution of vascular flowering plants, also known as angiosperms. Angiosperms are the most diverse group of plants and produce flowers and fruits. They have specialized structures for sexual reproduction and enclose their seeds within fruits. Examples include roses, apple trees, and grasses.
The final step is the evolution of non-vascular plants, often referred to as bryophytes. These plants lack true vascular tissue and include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. It is important to note that these evolutionary steps occurred over millions of years, with each group building upon the innovations of the previous group, leading to the diverse plant kingdom we see today.
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please solve, will give brainlyist
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The local climate is a key determinant of the last stage of a pond's succession.
The ecosystem reaches a point of ecological stability within the plant community during the last stage of ecological succession as the plants develop and become established throughout time. The diversity of plant species have attained their maximal capacity for growth at this stage of stability. The culmination stage marks the end of the aquatic succession. If there are no disturbances like wildfires or storms, the vegetation is in harmony with the environment during this stage. Wind, fire, natural catastrophes, erosion, and other climatic conditions are only a few. Activities of other creatures are included in the biotic factors. Several early ecologists believed that what a community always experiences the same succession of phases.
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i need help please can anyone help?
Answers
Answer:
nucleolus
Explanation:
The nucleolus is a region found within the cell nucleus that is concerned with producing and assembling the cell's ribosomes. Following assembly, ribosomes are transported to the cell cytoplasm where they serve as the sites for protein synthesis. Within the cell nucleus there's a very specific part called the nucleolus. This does not contain the chromosomes. What this contains is the machinery necessary to assemble the cell's ribosomal RNAs.
The ventricles begin to fill during ventricular diastole.
True
False
Answers
The statement "the ventricles begin to fill during ventricular diastole" is true as it allows blood to flow into the ventricles.
Ventricular diastole refers to the period of time in the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are relaxed and the heart's valves are open, allowing blood to flow into the ventricles.
The filling of the ventricles with blood is known as ventricular filling, and it helps to prepare the heart for the subsequent contraction, or systole, which pumps the blood out of the ventricles and in to the circulatory system.
During this period of time (ventricular diastole), the ventricles of the heart begin to fill with blood. Hence, the statement is true.
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primates are characterized by: a. forward-facing eyes, varied diet, and nonviolent behavior. b. arboreal adaptation, dietary plasticity, and tool use. c. docility, toolmaking, and parental investment. d. arboreal adaptation, dietary plasticity, and parental investment.
Answers
Arboreal adaptation, dietary plasticity, and parental investment are characteristics that define primates.
The correct option is D.
What kind of animal is a primate?Any mammal belonging to the group containing lemurs, lorises, tarsiers, monkeys, apes, and people is referred to as a primate. After rodents and bats, the order Primates has 300 or even more species, making it the third most varied group of mammals. Here is a list of certain primates, arranged by taxonomic group and alphabetically.
Which primate resembles humans the most?Since the chimpanzee genome was sequenced in 2005, scientists have known that chimpanzees are our closest living cousins because we share 99% all our DNA with them.
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A 40X objective lens is also known as what? (2) a. Low power lens b. High power lens c. Scanning lens d. Immersion oil lens
Answers
A 40X objective lens is also known as high power lens.
The high-powered objective lens, sometimes known as a "high dry" lens, is perfect for spotting small features in a specimen sample. You may see an extremely detailed image of the specimen on your slide thanks to a high-power objective lens and a 10x eyepiece working together to produce a total magnification of 400x.
Oblique lenses are the interchangeable lenses that come with the majority of compound microscopes. The most popular objective lenses include magnification powers of 4x, 10x, 40x, and 100x, which are also called as scanning, low power, high power, and (usually) oil immersion objectives, respectively. Objective lenses are available in a variety of magnification powers.
Therefore, correct answer is (b) high power lens
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Most phenotypic traits—features of the organism that we can observe—are not easy to put into a Punnet Square. Give at least two reasons, or factors, that make most phenotypic traits complicated. How, then, can we measure these traits?
Answers
Most phenotypic traits are complex due to polygenic inheritance and environmental influences.
Phenotypic traits often result from the combined effects of multiple genes (polygenic inheritance) and can be influenced by environmental factors. Punnett Squares, which illustrate single gene pair inheritance, are not suitable for capturing the complexity of such traits. Additionally, environmental factors can interact with genetic factors, leading to variations in trait expression.
To measure complex phenotypic traits, alternative approaches are used. Quantitative measurements, such as height or weight, provide precise numerical values. Statistical analysis helps identify patterns, correlations, and heritability estimates in populations. It involves studying large sample sizes and employing statistical models to understand the contributions of genetic and environmental factors. Molecular genetics advancements have further enhanced our ability to study complex traits at the genetic level.
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Review the chart, which shows the population sizes of three African animals in 1990 and in 2000.
Population Estimates of Animals in Africa in 1990 and in 2000
1990
2000
Lions
100,000
47,000
Cheetahs
50,000
7,500
Zebras
15,000
2,500
Which explanation is best supported by the numbers in the chart?
Answers
Answer:
Population of lions are more than cheetahs and zebras.
Explanation:
The chart provides information about the population sizes of Lions, Cheetah and Zebras. According to this information, population of lions is the greatest as compared to Cheetah and Zebras. This is due to suitable conditions for the lions such as food and shelter etc in that jungle of Africa as well as strong competitor and its aggressive behaviour make them successfully survive and increase its population in the jungle.
1. Based on the relative humidity in the room (average for the 3 trials), would a drop of water on your hand evaporate? If so, do you think it would evaporate quickly? Explain your answer. (5 pts)
Answers
Answer:
Yes.
Explanation:
Because the air is not at its max saturation point, which means that it could possibly melt in your hand.
The element nitrogen is present in all of the following except A) proteins.B) nucleic acids.C) amino acids.D) DNA.E) monosaccharides.
Answers
Nitrogen is present in all of the options listed except for monosaccharides. Thus, correct option is (E).
A crucial component of biological compounds is nitrogen. Nitrogen is a component of proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), amino acids (which serve as the building blocks for proteins), and DNA. Amino acids, which make up proteins, contain nitrogen as a necessary part of their structure.
Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine/uracil are nitrogenous bases that are essential for the operation of nucleic acids, including DNA. Monosaccharides, simple sugars and the fundamental unit of carbohydrates, do not, however, include nitrogen. Instead, the majority of their atoms are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
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Atoms transfer from the non-living portions of our environment to the living parts of our environment through the _____.
A. air cycle
B. food chain
C. rock cycle
D. phosphorous cycle
Answers
it’s making me write 20 letters ignore
which of the following nutrients are transported to the liver via the hepatic portal vein? none of these amino acids fatty acids monoacylglycerols
Answers
Free fatty acids and monoglycerides are transported to the liver via hepatic portal vein.
Brief summary the transportation of fatty acids and monoglycerides?Free fatty acids and monoglycerides are absorbed by the small intestine's mucosal lining and subsequently enter the epithelial cells. The endoplasmic reticulum is a mechanism inside the cell that performs lipid synthesis and transport. Once inside the cells, free fatty acids and monoglycerides enter this system. In this process, triglycerides are created from the digested products. The primary type of fat that the body stores is called triglycerides. Because of this, the digestion of fat differs from the digestion of proteins and carbs. We can observe that when proteins and carbohydrates are absorbed, their building blocks—amino acids and monosaccharides—pass through the intestinal epithelial cells unaltered. Triglycerides are coated by proteins before to leaving the epithelial cells, which causes in the chylomicron development. The triglyceride is given a water-soluble coat by the protein coating, enabling the chylomicron to exit the cell. The freshly produced chylomicrons exit the epithelial cell and go into the lacteal lymphatic capillaries. The lacteals are located in the villi, which are finger-like protrusions of the intestinal wall. Because lipids travel through the lymphatic system before returning to the bloodstream, the lacteals represent another distinctive method that fats are absorbed. As opposed to amino acids and monosaccharides, which flow directly into blood capillaries and subsequently into the hepatic portal vein, which leads to the liver, fatty acids, enter the lymphatic system during the digestion of proteins and carbohydrates. In the gut, dietary carbs are broken down to produce simple sugar molecules.
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7. Once you have taken a bite of an apple, which of the following represents the correct pathway of its nutrients?
A. circulatory system → cell → digestive system
B. digestive system → circulatory system → cell
C. cell → digestive system → circulatory system
D. circulatory system → digestive system → cell
Answers
Once you have taken a bite of an apple, digestive system → circulatory system → cell represents the correct pathway of its nutrients. The correct option is B.
What is nutrient?Nutrients are substances found in food that drive biological activity and are therefore necessary for the human body.
To begin the digestion process, the nutrients in the apple are first broken down by the teeth in the mouth and mixed with saliva.
After swallowing, the food bolus travels down the oesophagus to the stomach, where it is further broken down by stomach acid and digestive enzymes.
The nutrients are then absorbed into the bloodstream via the small intestine walls and carried to the liver via the circulatory system.
The nutrients are distributed to the cells throughout the body by the liver to be used for energy and other functions.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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In which two ways do plant cells use the sugar made in photosynthesis ?
• to produce phosphate groups
• to store inorganic matter
• to supply the plant with energy for life
• to make other types of organic molecules
Answers
Answer:
3 and 4
Explanation:
Sugar made from photosynthesis is broken down to release energy needed for life.
and the sugar can also be used to make other organic molecules such as cellulose.
How could HCI be used to tell the difference between Quartzite and marble
Answers
Answer:
It is formed when the sandstone's quartz grains are fused from heat and pressure. Additionally, marble is soft while quartzite is hard and durable. Chemically, marble is composed of calcite while quartzite is not.
Explanation:
If energy is released, free energy must be what?
Answers
Answer:
If energy is released during a chemical reaction, then the change in free energy from the conversion of the reactants to the products, signified as ΔG (delta G) will be a negative number.
Explanation:
Hope it helped!
Answer:
If energy is released during a chemical reaction, then the resulting value from the above equation will be a negative number. In other words, reactions that release energy have a ∆G < 0. A negative ∆G also means that the products of the reaction have less free energy than the reactants because they gave off some free energy during the reaction.
Explanation:
what is the differences of infographic and article?
Answers
Answer:
It combines text, illustrations, icons, and data visualizations like graphs and charts in a carefully organized progression. So the primary difference between infographics and data visualizations is that data visualizations are generally briefer, more discrete pieces that can form one component of a larger infographic.
Explanation:
Describe what effects different hormones would have on blood pressure (ADH, ANH, Renin)
Answers
1. ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) - ADH is produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland. It acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption, which can increase blood volume and blood pressure. If there is an excess of ADH, it can lead to water retention and hypertension.
2. ANH (Atrial natriuretic hormone) - ANH is produced by the heart and acts on the kidneys to increase sodium and water excretion, which can decrease blood volume and blood pressure. ANH also causes vasodilation, which can further decrease blood pressure. If there is a deficiency of ANH, it can lead to water retention and hypertension.
3. Renin - Renin is produced by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure or low blood volume. It acts on angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin I, which is then converted to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, which can increase blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates the release of aldosterone, which increases sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys, further increasing blood volume and blood pressure. If there is an excess of renin, it can lead to hypertension.
These hormones play important roles in regulating blood pressure and maintaining homeostasis in the body.
Electromagnetic tools can better examine the traits of ?
longer fibers
shorter fibers
natural fibers
synthetic fibers
Answers
Electromagnetic tools can better examine the traits of longer fibers. The correct option is a.
What are electromagnetic tools?Devices with electromagnets are referred to as electromagnetic devices. Doorbells and any other gadget with an electric motor, such as a fan, are examples of electromagnetic devices.
A doorbell's electromagnet draws the clapper, which strikes the bell and causes it to ring. Long fiber composites are among the most resilient injection molding plastic materials with structural features due to their enhanced toughness.
Therefore, the correct option is a. longer fibers.
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blood is maintained at a ph of 7.4 by the primary buffers in the plasma and secondary buffers in the erythrocytes. the plasma contains carbonic acid/bicarbonate as one of its primary buffers
Answers
The ratio of bicarbonate (HCO3-) to carbonic acid (H2CO3) in normal blood plasma is approximately 20:1.
In the bicarbonate buffer system, carbonic acid (H2CO3) acts as a weak acid, while bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) act as its conjugate base. The equilibrium between carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions is regulated by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. The pK value of this buffer system represents the pH at which the concentration of carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions are equal.
With a pK of 6.3, the pH of blood is maintained at 7.4, which is slightly alkaline. At this pH, the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid in normal blood plasma is approximately 20:1. This means that for every molecule of carbonic acid, there are approximately 20 molecules of bicarbonate ions present in the plasma.
This ratio is essential for maintaining the blood's acid-base balance. When excess acid is present, the bicarbonate ions can act as a base and combine with hydrogen ions, helping to neutralize the acidity. Conversely, if the blood becomes too alkaline, carbonic acid can release hydrogen ions to restore the pH balance. The precise regulation of this bicarbonate-to-carbonic acid ratio is crucial for maintaining blood pH within a narrow range, which is essential for proper physiological functioning.
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The complete question is: Blood is maintained at a pH of 7.4 by the primary buffers in the plasma and secondary buffers in the erythrocytes. The plasma contains carbonic acid/bicarbonate as one of its primary buffers. The pK for this buffer system is 6.3
H2CO3 <=> H+ + HCO3-
What is the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid in normal blood plasma?
all vertebrate forelimbs are the same in that they are used for the same form of locomotion.
Answers
No, all vertebrate forelimbs are not the same and are not used for the same form of locomotion.
Vertebrate forelimbs exhibit a remarkable diversity in structure and function across different species. While they share a common basic blueprint, their adaptations and uses vary greatly depending on the specific needs and environments of different animals. Forelimbs can be specialized for various forms of locomotion such as walking, running, swimming, flying, or climbing, among others.
For instance, the forelimbs of terrestrial mammals like humans, dogs, and horses are primarily designed for support, balance, and manipulation. They consist of bones, muscles, and joints that facilitate a wide range of movements, enabling these animals to walk, run, and manipulate objects with dexterity.
On the other hand, the forelimbs of birds are highly modified for flight. They feature long, lightweight bones, fused joints, and feathers that provide lift, stability, and maneuverability during aerial locomotion. Birds also use their forelimbs for perching, climbing, and swimming, depending on the species.
In contrast, aquatic mammals like dolphins, whales, and seals have forelimbs that have evolved into flippers. These streamlined appendages allow them to navigate through water efficiently, utilizing a combination of up-and-down and side-to-side motions for propulsion.
Similarly, the forelimbs of reptiles, such as lizards and snakes, are adapted for different modes of locomotion. Lizards use their forelimbs for walking, climbing, and digging, while snakes have modified their forelimbs into vestigial structures or lost them altogether, relying on their highly efficient serpentine movement.
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Can a codon contain two of the same nucleotide bases?
Answers
Answer:
Answer is Below
Explanation:
According to resourcegate.net, A codon consisting of a single base could only code for 4 amino acids, a length of two bases for 16 (4x4), and of three bases for 64 (4x4x4). Given that tRNAs have to interact via their anticodons with the mRNA, we have an upper limit for the codon length.
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Mark me branliest Please
Answer:
Yes, it can.
Explanation:
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What is the relationship between
Evolution and adaptation
Answers
The main difference between adaptation and evolution is that the adaptation is the short-term changes of organisms to suit their environment or habitat whereas the evolution is the long-term changes that occur in the genetic level for better functioning and survival.
A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. How does the cell maintain homeostasis in this environment?
A.) there is no movement of water molecules into or out of the cell
B.) Water will move across the cell membrane to the outside
C.) water will move across the cell membrane to the inside
D.) water will move across the cell membrane in both directions maintaining equilibrium.
PLEASE HELP ME!!! PLEASE AND THANK YOU!
Answers
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Because of meiosis and mitosis, the water will move across the cell membrane to the inside of the cell.
1. Identify the input and output
for an washing machine.
2. Identify the organ-system components, and the input
and output, and describe the operation of the biological control
system consisting a hum
Answers
Inputs for a washing machine:
- Electricity to power the motor, drum, pump and other components
- Water from the water supply
- Detergent and fabric softener added by the user
- User settings for the wash program (hot/cold, water level, spin speed etc)
Outputs from a washing machine:
- Clean clothes
- Wastewater drained out
- Some noise from the motor and drum spinning
The organ-system components of the biological control system for a human are:
Inputs:
- Sensory inputs from eyes, ears, skin, tongue etc which provide information about external environment and internal body states
Components:
- Nervous system (brain, spinal cord, nerves) which processes input and coordinates responses
- Endocrine system (glands) which secretes hormones to regulate processes
Outputs:
The system provides:
- Muscle movements and actions as output responses
- Gland secretions like tears, sweat and saliva as outputs
- Physiological changes in heartbeat, breathing and digestion as outputs
The overall operation is that inputs are detected, processed by the brain and nervous system, which then coordinate output responses via muscles, glands and organs to maintain homeostasis and adapt to the environment. The endocrine system assists the nervous system by secreting hormones that induce slower but longer-term responses.
Which of the following is the most common type of cardiomyopathy?
Answers
Answer:
a. Dilated cardiomyopathy
Explanation: is completely correct
Answer:
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Explanation:
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common type, occurring mostly in adults 20 to 60. It affects the heart's ventricles and atria, the lower and upper chambers of the heart, respectively. Frequently the disease starts in the left ventricle, the heart's main pumping chamber.
Compare the number and variety of organisms
Answers
When we go from a species to a kingdom, there are more and more different kinds of life.
A group of distinct organisms with shared essential characteristics is referred to as a species. They typically contain creatures that are morphologically similar and closely related.
A Genus is a collection of related species that is a part of a Family of related genera.
Higher taxonomy categories are based on a broader range of commonalities. An Order is formed by families that are quite similar. Classes consist of related orders.
Different species within a Phylum only share one or two characteristics in common. For instance, the presence of a notochord places classes Mammalia, Pices, and Amphibia all within the phylum Chordata.
The Kingdom, which is the classification of several categories, is the last step.
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