Why does fluorine have the highest ionization energy.
Answers
Ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom. There are various factors that affect ionization energy, such as the size of the atom, the number of electrons it has, and the attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. Among all the elements in the periodic table, fluorine has the highest ionization energy. Let's find out why.
The atomic structure of fluorine
Fluorine is an element with the atomic number 9 and the symbol F. It is a non-metal and belongs to group 17 of the periodic table. The electronic configuration of fluorine is 1s² 2s² 2p⁵. It has 7 valence electrons in its outermost shell.
Reasons for high ionization energy of fluorine
The high ionization energy of fluorine can be attributed to the following reasons:
Small atomic size: Fluorine has the smallest atomic size among all the elements in the halogen group. The smaller the size of an atom, the more tightly bound its electrons are to the nucleus. This results in a higher ionization energy.
Large nuclear charge: Fluorine has a nuclear charge of +9, which means there are 9 protons in its nucleus. This results in a strong attraction between the nucleus and the electrons, making it difficult to remove an electron.
Electron-electron repulsion: Fluorine has 7 valence electrons, which means they repel each other due to their negative charges. This results in a higher ionization energy as it requires more energy to overcome the repulsion and remove an electron.
Conclusion
The high ionization energy of fluorine can be attributed to its small atomic size, large nuclear charge, and electron-electron repulsion. Due to these factors, it requires a considerable amount of energy to remove an electron from a fluorine atom.
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Related Questions
Find the mass of a metal cylinder that has a volume of 652 cm and a density of
21.45 g/cm
Answers
Explanation:
Mass = volume × density
Mass = 652 cm³ × 21.45 g/cm³
= 13985.4 g
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP!!
Perform the following
mathematical operation, and
report the answer to the
appropriate number of
significant figures.
5.1 – 2.3685 = [?]
Answers
Answer:
\(5.1 - 2.3685 = 2.7315 \\ \)
Answer: 2.7 is the real answer if you follow the right rules!
How do you find the molar mass of CaSO4 2H2O?
Answers
To find the molar mass of CaSO₄ 2H₂O, you need to add the atomic masses of all the elements present in the compound. The molar mass of CaSO₄ 2H₂O is 146.24 g/mol.
The molar mass of a substance is the mass of one mole of the substance and is expressed in units of grams per mole (g/mol). To calculate the molar mass of CaSO₄ 2H₂O, you need to know the atomic masses of calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), oxygen (O), and hydrogen (H).
Calcium has an atomic mass of 40.08 g/mol, sulfur has an atomic mass of 32.06 g/mol, oxygen has an atomic mass of 16.00 g/mol, and hydrogen has an atomic mass of 1.01 g/mol. To find the molar mass of CaSO₄ 2H₂O, you need to multiply the number of each element in the compound by its atomic mass and then add up all of the masses.
CaSO₄ 2H₂O, which means that there is one calcium atom, one sulfur atom, four oxygen atoms, and ten hydrogen atoms in the compound. Multiplying the number of each element by its atomic mass and adding up all the masses gives you the molar mass of CaSO₄ 2H₂O:
(1 x 40.08 g/mol) + (1 x 32.06 g/mol) + (4 x 16.00 g/mol) + (10 x 1.01 g/mol) = 40.08 g/mol + 32.06 g/mol + 64.00 g/mol + 10.10 g/mol = 146.24 g/mol
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Which changes in physical state have a specific "point" temperature where the change of state takes
place?
Answers
Answer:
melting point
Explanation:
Phase changes happen when you reach certain special points. Sometimes a liquid wants to become a solid. Scientists use something called a freezing point or melting point to measure the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid. There are physical effects that can change the melting point.
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Explain which of the two, triethylammonium chloride ((ch3ch2)3n-hcl) or triethylamine ((ch3ch2)3n) is more soluble in water and why
Answers
Triethylamine ((CH3CH2)3N) is less soluble in water than ((CH3CH2)3N•HCl). Compared to the uncharged N atom in triethylamine, the positive charge on the N atom in triethylammonium chloride is more polar.
What is triethylammonium chloride?If your compound is not susceptible to moisture, you should dissolve it in dichloromethane or chloroform before giving it a brief wash in cold water and separating it. Cold water washing reduces the product's water solubility. Triethylamine and HCl (strong acid) are combined to form the salt triethylammonium chloride (weak base).
Chloroform readily dissolves the salt of triethylamine hydrochloride. To produce 93 grammes of crude using triethylamine hydrochloride salt, chloroform is first removed. In order to get a certain acidic pH, it is dissolved in 250 mL of water, cooled to 10 °C, then acidified by adding 10% hydrochloric acid.
Triethylamine ((CH3CH2)3N) is less soluble in water than ((CH3CH2)3N•HCl). Compared to the uncharged N atom in triethylamine, the positive charge on the N atom in triethylammonium chloride is more polar. Enhanced solubility results from greater interactions with water as a result of this increased polarity.
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If you have 30 grams of oxygen, how many atoms are present?
Answers
Answer:
1 × 10²⁴ atoms O
General Formulas and Concepts:
Chemistry - Atomic Structure
Reading a Periodic TableUsing Dimensional AnalysisAvogadro's Number - 6.022 × 10²³ atoms, molecules, formula units, etc.Explanation:
Step 1: Define
30 g O
Step 2: Identify Conversions
Avogadro's Number
Molar Mass of O - 16.00 g/mol
Step 3: Convert
\(30 \ g \ O(\frac{1 \ mol \ O}{16.00 \ g \ O} )(\frac{6.022 \cdot 10^{23} \ atoms \ O}{1 \ mol \ O} )\) = 1.12913 × 10²⁴ atoms O
Step 4: Check
We are given 1 sig fig. Follow sig fig rules and round.
1.12913 × 10²⁴ atoms O ≈ 1 × 10²⁴ atoms O
Anything that takes up space is called _____
Answers
Matter is everything that occupies physical space. Everything on earth, including the atmosphere, that occupies space and has a certain mass is considered matter.
Anything that occupies space and has mass is considered to be matter. The world around you is composed of matter. A general phrase for the "stuff" all around you is matter. An item has a quantifiable size or volume when it occupies space. A measurement of matter's resistance to acceleration is its mass. Everything around us takes up space. Now, we are aware that matter refers to everything that takes up space. Atoms are the minuscule constituents of matter. Typically, we focus our studies solely on the three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
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The unique structure and chemical composition of individual organelles in plant and animal cells allow them to perform distinct functions within the cell. Large, round, water-filled sacs in the cytoplasm that function as the storage areas of the cell are known as which of the following?
OPTIONS
Nucleus
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Vacuole
Answers
The unique structure and chemical composition of individual organelles in plant and animal cells allow them to perform distinct functions within the cell. Large, round, water-filled sacs in the cytoplasm that function as the storage areas of the cell are known as Vacuole.
A Vacuole is the inside structure of cell that contains fluids in the cytoplasm . Vacuole helps to maintain the water balance. Its shape is round and found in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. there are four types of vacuole:
sap vacuolefood vacuolecontractile vacuolegas vacuoleThus, The unique structure and chemical composition of individual organelles in plant and animal cells allow them to perform distinct functions within the cell. Large, round, water-filled sacs in the cytoplasm that function as the storage areas of the cell are known as Vacuole.
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Sand is _____ in water?
A reactive
B soluble
C insoluble
D a colliod
Answers
Answer:
insoluble
Explanation:
The dissociation of molecular iodine into iodine atoms is represented as I2(g) ⇌ 2I(g) At 1000 K, the equilibrium constant Kc for the reaction is 3.80×10−5. Suppose you start with 0.0459 mol of I2 in a 2.35−L flask at 1000 K. What are the concentrations of the gases at equilibrium? What is the equilibrium concentration of I2? What is the equilibrium concentration of I?
Answers
The equilibrium concentration of I2 will be (n0 - x) / 2.35, and the equilibrium concentration of I will be 2x / 2.35.
To determine the concentrations of the gases at equilibrium for the dissociation of I2 into I atoms, we'll use the given initial moles of I2 and the equilibrium constant (Kc) at 1000 K.
The balanced equation for the reaction is:
I2(g) ⇌ 2I(g)
Let's denote the initial moles of I2 as n0 (given as 0.0459 mol) and the change in moles as x. The equilibrium moles of I2 will be (n0 - x), and the equilibrium moles of I will be (2x).
To calculate the concentrations, we divide the moles by the volume (2.35 L).
The expression for Kc is:
Kc = ([I]^2) / [I2]
Substituting the equilibrium concentrations into the equation, we get:
Kc = ((2x / 2.35)^2) / ((n0 - x) / 2.35)
Given Kc as 3.80×10^(-5), we can solve for x.
3.80×10^(-5) = (4x^2) / (2.35n0 - 2.35x)
Cross-multiplying, we have:
3.80×10^(-5) * (2.35n0 - 2.35x) = 4x^2
Expanding the equation further:
0.0893n0 - 0.0893x = 4x^2
Rearranging the equation:
4x^2 + 0.0893x - 0.0893n0 = 0
Now, we can solve this quadratic equation using the quadratic formula:
x = (-b ± √(b^2 - 4ac)) / (2a)
Here, a = 4, b = 0.0893, and c = -0.0893n0.
Substituting these values into the quadratic formula, we find the values of x. There will be two possible values, but we choose the one that is physically meaningful for the given scenario.
Once we determine the value of x, we can calculate the equilibrium concentrations.
By substituting the value of x back into the expressions for the equilibrium concentrations, we can obtain the specific numerical values.
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Does a reaction occur when aqueous solutions of potassium carbonate and nickel(ii) nitrate are combined?
Answers
Does a reaction occur when aqueous solutions of potassium carbonate and nickel(II) chloride are combined yes no If a reaction does occur.
What is potassium carbonate ?The inorganic substance K2CO3 is known as potassium carbonate. It is a soluble in water white salt. It is ethereal and frequently takes the form of a moist or damp solid. To make soap and glass, potassium carbonate is mostly employed.
The main component of potash, as well as the more refined pearl ash or tartar salts, is potassium carbonate. In the past, potash was baked to eliminate impurities and produced as pearl ash. It was the pearl ash that was left behind, a fine, white powder. Samuel Hopkins received the first patent ever granted by the United States Patent Office in 1790 for a better way to make potash and pearl ash.
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A rod of iron of uniform density has a thickness such that a one-inch-long segment of it weighs 3. 88 ounces. Given that there are 0. 035273 ounces in a gram and 2. 54 centimeters in an inch, how many grams would a 14. 79 cm length of the same iron rod weigh? a. 73. 30 g b. 274. 49 g c. 640. 51 g d. 1,626. 89 g.
Answers
The number of grams of iron present in 14.79 cm length of the same iron rod is 640.51 g.
What is ounces?Ounces is a unit of mass which is used to define a very little amount of anything.
In the question, given that:
In one inch of iron rod whose weighs is 3.88 ounces = 2.54 cm long
In 1 g = 0.035273 ounces present
So we can calcuylate the number of grams in which 3.88 ounces present as:
x = (3.88 ounces) / (0.035273 ounces/g)
x = 110g
So, in 110g = 3.88 ounces present
And in 2.54 cm = 110g of iron present
In 14.79 cm, present grams of iron can be calculated as:
y = (14.79cm x 110g) / 2.54cm
y = 640.51 g
Hence option (c) is correct i.e. 640.51 g.
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The weight of the iron rod with 14.79 cm length with same density is given by: Option C; 640.51 g
How are density, volume and mass of a substance related?Suppose that a finite amount of substance is there having its properties as:
mass of substance = m kgdensity of substance = d kg/m³volume of that substance = v m³Then, they are related as:
\(d = \dfrac{m}{v}\)
We know that:
1 ounce = 28.3495 g approxNow, from the facts given in the problem, we have:
The weight of first iron rod which is one inches long = 3.88 ounces
The new rod is 14.79 cm long. And 1 cm = 0.3937 inches approx, thus the new rod is: \(14.79 \times 0.3937 \approx 5.8228 \: \rm inches\)
As for 1 inch long rod, there is weight of 3.88 ounces, thus:
for 5.8228 inch rod, the weight of the rod would be \(5.8228 \times 3.88 \approx 22.5924 \: \rm ounces\)
And since 1 ounce = 28.3495 g approx
Thus, weight of the new rod in grams would be \(22.5924\times 28.3495 \approx 640.485 \approx 640.51\: \rm g\)
Thus, the weight of the iron rod with 14.79 cm length with same density is given by: Option C; 640.51 g
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Imagine that you traveled to the Moon for a vacation and discovered that your weight is different there. How would your weight be different on the Moon than on Earth? Why would it be different? Does this mean that you ""lost weight"" and need to buy new clothes that fit? Why or why not?
Answers
Answer
No you did not lose weight.
Explanation:
Weight is the force acting on an object, Gravity is a force on earth which does not apply to the moon so your weight may change depending in where you are but your mass will stay the same because mass measures the matter of an object ITSELF! Have a nice day....
Answer:
I would take my weight on Earth and divide it by 6. I'd weigh less because the gravitational pull on the Moon is less, and, weight is the measure of gravitational pull. I wouldn't "loose weight" because I'd weigh the same on Earth as I did the day I left (give or take a few pounds).
Explanation:
a solution contains 25 g of kno3 per 100.0 g of water at . is the solution unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated?
Answers
KNO3 concentration in a solution at 25 °C is 45 g per 91.7 g of water. The solution may be in an unsaturated, saturated, or totally saturated state.
What is a KNO3 concentration?The desensitizing agent found in over-the-counter dentifrices most frequently is potassium nitrate. Within two weeks of daily use, potassium nitrate, sodium, or monofluorophosphate fluoride at a dosage of 5% dramatically lowers symptoms. Potassium nitrate dissolves 31.6g/100mL at a temperature of 20 °C. In 100 milliliters of water at 25 degrees Celsius, the maximum amount of potassium nitrate that may dissolve is 31.6 grams.KNO3, also known as potassium nitrate, is a chemical compound. As a result of the fractional crystallization of sodium nitrate and potassium chloride solutions, potassium nitrate, often known as saltpeter or nitre, is a white solid that is soluble in water.To learn more about KNO3 concentration, refer to:
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what is the survival rate of light and dark colored peppered moths
Answers
A dark colored peppered moths has a better survival rate in the forest than a light colored peppered moth due to their color difference which exposes the moths to predators.
Why do color matter in peppered moths?
Peppered moths usually have white with black spots across the wings. Organisms like to camouflage to boost their survival rate as they will be able to blend with the environment in other to evade predators.
The dark colored peppered moths have the ability to evade predators more due to their color, as they can easily blended in with the dark tree trunks and the forest. While the light peppered moths will be easily picked by predators because of their color.
In summary, peppered moths are found in places like the tree trunks, dark forest where they can feed on leaves of some trees. The color of their wings has the ability to boost their survival chances.
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during the interconversion of state of matter, mass undergoes and change? true or false
Answers
True.
The Mass Undergoes change only in ( Solid state to liquid state ) Ice Cube to Water .
Mass changes from mg to litre.
\(\huge\mathfrak\red{hope \: it \: helps}\)
I also really need help on this one.
Answers
Answer:
I would say ether the first one or the third one because on those questions you always want to choose the one that gives the most information or sound more believe
Hope this helped
What evidence in Side View lets you know that upwelling is happening in these locations?
Answers
Answer:
Image result for What evidence in Side View lets you know that upwelling is happening in these locations?
Winds blowing across the ocean surface often push water away from an area. When this occurs, water rises up from beneath the surface to replace the diverging surface water. This process is known as upwelling.
Explanation:
The Law of Conservation of Mass says that mass
can neither be
nor
A .Gained, lost
B. Created, destroyed
C. Started, ended
D. Opened, closed
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The Law of Conservation of Mass dates from Antoine Lavoisier's 1789 discovery that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. If we account for all reactants and products in a chemical reaction, the total mass will be the same at any point in time in any closed system.
a solution contains 3.25 g of sucrose in 59.3 g of h2o. what is the mass percent of sucrose in the solution?
Answers
The mass percent of sucrose in solution is 5.19%
The concentration of an element in a compound or element of a combination can be expressed as a mass percentage. The mass percent of the element in the compound is obtained by dividing the mass of the element in 1 mole of the compound by the molar mass of the compound, which is then multiplied by 100. Plants including fruits, vegetables, and nuts all contain varying amounts of sucrose, a naturally occurring sugar. Commercial production of sucrose is also carried out together with sugar cane and sugar beets.
Calculating,
Mass Percent = Mass Solute/(Mass Solute + Mass Solvent) X 100%
1 g H2O = 1 mL H2O = 59.3 mL H2O = 59.3 g H2O
Mass Percent = 3.25g / (3.25 g + 59.3 g) X 100% = 5.19%
The solution is 5.19%% sucrose by mass.
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Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur in areas of the Pacific Ocean called "The Ring of Fire." What is the main reason for this?
Group of answer choices
Large numbers of people live in this area.
That area of the Earth is hotter than any other area.
Lithosphere plate boundaries are found in that area.
The weight of the ocean water forces magma to the surface.
Answers
Answer:
Lithosphere plate boundaries are found in that area.
Explanation:
Answer:
C is the right answer
Explanation:
Find the Break-Even point
Fixed costs = $790
Revenues (selling price x # sold) = $1. 75 x 180
Variable costs = $81
# of units = 346
Answers
To find the break-even point, we need to determine the number of units at which the total cost equals the total revenue. In this case, variable costs of $81, the break-even point is at approximately 459 units.
The break-even point is the point at which the total cost equals the total revenue, resulting in zero profit or loss. To calculate the break-even point, we need to consider the fixed costs, variable costs, and revenues.
In this scenario, the fixed costs are given as $790, the revenues are $1.75 per unit for 180 units sold, and the variable costs are $81. The formula for calculating the break-even point is:
Break-even point = Fixed costs / (Selling price per unit - Variable cost per unit)
Substituting the given values, we have:
Break-even point = $790 / ($1.75 - $81/180)
Simplifying the equation, we find:
Break-even point ≈ 459 units
Therefore, the break-even point is approximately 459 units, meaning that the company needs to sell at least 459 units to cover its costs and avoid a loss.
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josh thinks that his toy boat will float higher in the sink if he adds salt to the water is he correct explain why or why not
Answers
Answer: He is correct!
Explanation: When salt is dissolved in water, as it is in ocean water, that dissolved salt adds to the mass of the water and makes the water denser than it would be without salt. Therefore due to increasing in the density of the fluid, upward buoyant force will increase due to which object will float better in salt water.
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Which of the following are also compounds? Select all that apply.
A.
CuFeS2
B.
H2O
C.
KCl
D.
Mg
E.
Cl
Answers
Answer:
option B,C and A are compound
What do we call a substance composed of atoms of more than one element that are held together by chemical bonds?
Compound
Crystal
Salt
Ion
Answers
A substance composed of atoms of more than one element that are held together by chemical bonds is called a compound. Therefore the correct option is option A.
A compound is a pure material that is created by chemically combining two or more distinct components in a specific order. Chemical bonds, which can be ionic or covalent, hold the atoms of a substance together.
The characteristics of compounds are distinct from the characteristics of the constituent parts.
For instance, sodium is a soft metal and chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas; nevertheless, when these two elements combine to produce sodium chloride (table salt), they create a white crystalline solid that is far more stable than the constituent parts of each element alone. Therefore the correct option is option A.
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In a strong acid–strong base titration how is the ph calculated after the equivalence point stage of the titration?.
Answers
In the strong acid–strong base titration, the ph is 7.0.
Titration of a solid acid with a solid base is the best of the four sorts of titrations because it includes a solid acid and solid base that totally separate in water, in this manner coming about in a solid acid-strong base neutralization reaction. This titration requires the utilization of a buret to apportion a solid base into a holder of , or vice-versa strong acid , in arrange to decide the proportionality point. The reason for a strong acid-strong base titration is to decide the concentration of the acidic solution by titrating it with a fundamental solution of known concentration, or vice-versa until neutralization happens. As both the acid and base are solid (tall values of Ka and Kb), they will both completely separate, which suggests all the atoms of acid or base will be totally partitioned into ions. At the proportionality point, rise to sums of H+ and OH- particles will combine to create H2O, coming about in a pH of 7.0 , neutral. The pH at the comparability point for this titration will continuously be 7.0.
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ving things have basic needs that must be met to survive and grow. Which needs are illustrated in the picture? Check all that apply.
the need for food
the need for a place to live
the need for air
the need for water
the need for parents
ANSWER: food, air, and a place to live!!
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
ANSWER:
the need for food, the need for air, and need for a place to live.
Live need water but here in the picture we didn't saw water; so we can't choose water;
Non-ferrous metal is NOT hardenable by heat treatment; it must
gain strength through a process such as tempering. Is this
statement TRUE or FALSE?
Group of answer choices
True
False
Answers
The statement is FALSE. Non-ferrous metals can be hardened by heat treatment, although the mechanisms and processes involved may differ from ferrous metals.
Heat treatment techniques such as precipitation hardening can be used to increase the strength of non-ferrous metals. Non-ferrous metals are metals or alloys that do not include iron (or iron allotropes, such as ferrite, etc.) in significant quantities. Non-ferrous metals are employed because they have desired qualities like reduced weight (for example, aluminium), greater conductivity (for example, copper), non-magnetic characteristics, or corrosion resistance (for example, zinc), even though they are often more expensive than ferrous metals. In the iron and steel sectors, several non-ferrous materials are also employed. Bauxite, for instance, is used as a flux in blast furnaces, whereas wolframite, pyrolusite, and chromite are utilised to create ferrous alloys.
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The concentration f the sugar glucose (c6h12o6) in human blood ranges from 80 mg/dl before meals up to 120 mg/dl after eating. find the molarity of glucose in blood before eating. remember 1 dl = 0.1l
Answers
The molarity of glucose in blood before eating is 0.00666 M
Molar concentration is the degree of the concentration of a chemical species, especially of a solute in a solution, in phrases of quantity of a substance per unit quantity of answer. In chemistry, the most usually used unit for molarity is the variety of moles in line with liter.
We are given the human blood ranges from about 80 mg/dL before meals to 120 mg/dL after eating.
1 dL = 0.1 L
Mass of glucose before meal = 80 mg = 0.080 g
Mass of glucose after eating = 120 mg = 0.120 g
So, moles of glucose = 0.080 g / 180.16 g/ mol
= 0.000444 moles
Moles of glucose = 0.120 g / 180.16 g/mol
= 0.000666 moles
So, molarity of glucose in blood before eating = 0.000444 moles / 0.1 L
= 0.00444 M
molarity of glucose in blood after eating = 0.000666 moles / 0.1 L
= 0.00666 M
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Example: The products of a chemical reaction are Sodium Hydroxide and Acetone.
Without knowing the reactants, how do you know that this is not a synthesis reaction?
Answers
The products of the chemical reaction are sodium hydroxide and acetone. This is because acetone undergoes aldol condensation. Synthetic reactions occur when two or more reactants combine to form a single product.
Sodium hydroxide is completely ionic and contains sodium and hydroxide ions. The hydroxide ion makes sodium hydroxide a strong base and reacts with acids to form the corresponding salts with water. The chemical formula for acetone is CH32CO. Also known as propanone or dimethyl ketone, it is the smallest and simplest ketone. It forms an iodoform when it reacts with iodine in the presence of NaOH. Thus it can be seen that iodoform is formed in the presence of NaOH.
Hydrochloric acid and caustic soda interact to form salts and release heat. As you can see table salt and water are the results of the interaction of two highly aggressive compounds. These compounds are ultimately harmless and even beneficial to humans. The reaction between benzaldehyde and acetophenone undergoes cross-aldol condensation in the presence of di-I. Sodium hydroxide. In this reaction, benzaldehyde has no alpha hydrogen.
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