Why do people debate how to account for different roughness conditions in different portions of compound channel cross-section? how do we try to deal with this concern?
Answers
People argue how to take into account for varied roughness conditions in different regions of natural and restored waterways since they are typically constructed of compound channels rather than simple cross-sectional areas like rectangles, trapezoids, triangles, or simple curved forms.
What is a compound channel ?
A "compound" channel consists of a main channel that can handle regular flows and a flood plain that is submerged during heavy flows on one or both sides.
According to several researchers and practitioners, non-compound channels with channel beds and sides constructed of different materials or main channels with unusually shaped geometry and varying roughness should be the key applications for these composite roughness coefficient approaches. Furthermore, they propose the use of a composite roughness for compound channels when there are negligible roughness variations between the main channel and flood plains. These engineers recommend that the segmented conveyance approach instead be used in the majority of compound channel applications.
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Related Questions
Imagine that you have an ideal gas in a 8.90 L container, and that 1550 molecules of this gas collide with a square-inch area of the container at any given instant.
If the volume is increased to 71.2 L at constant temperature, how many collisions will occur per square inch of this larger container?
Enter the number of collisions per square inch.
Answers
The number of collisions per square inch of the larger container is 6.98*10^5
If we increase the volume of the container while keeping the temperature constant, the number of collisions per square inch of the container will decrease because the gas molecules will have more space to move around in and will collide less frequently with the walls of the container.
P = nRT/V
Since the temperature is constant and the gas is ideal, we can assume that the number of moles of gas is proportional to the number of gas molecules.
n/V = N/V_0 ,where N is the number of gas molecules and V_0 is the original volume of the container.
Since we are told that the gas is ideal, we can assume that the gas molecules are in constant random motion and that they collide with each other and with the walls of the container without losing energy. This means that the pressure of the gas is proportional to the number of collisions per unit area per unit time.
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194 collisions will occur per square inch in the larger container.. When the volume of the container is increased, the number of collisions per square inch will decrease.
This is because the molecules now have more space to move around in, and are less likely to collide with the walls of the container. To calculate the new number of collisions per square inch, we need to use the formula PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of molecules, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature. Since the temperature is constant, we can write PV = constant. When the volume increases from 8.90 L to 71.2 L, the pressure will decrease by a factor of 8. In other words, the new pressure will be 1/8th of the original pressure. Since the number of collisions per square inch is proportional to the pressure, we can say that the new number of collisions per square inch will be 1/8th of the original number. Therefore, the new number of collisions per square inch will be 1550/8 = 193.75.
In this problem, you have an ideal gas in an initial volume (V1) of 8.90 L, and the number of collisions is 1550 molecules per square inch. When the volume is increased to V2 = 71.2 L at constant temperature, you are asked to find the new number of collisions per square inch.
Using the ideal gas law, the ratio of collisions is directly proportional to the ratio of volumes. So, the number of collisions at V2 will be:
Collisions at V2 = (Collisions at V1) * (V1/V2)
Collisions at V2 = 1550 * (8.90 / 71.2)
Collisions at V2 ≈ 194
So, approximately 194 collisions will occur per square inch in the larger container.
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if nacl is soluble in water to the extent 36.0 g nacl/100 g h2o at 20 oc, then a solution at 20 oc containing 45 g nacl/160 g h2o would be
Answers
Then the solution is supersaturated.
As per the question, if NaCl is soluble in water to the extent 36.0 g NaCl/100 g H2O at 20 °C, then a solution at 20°C containing 45 g NaCl/160 g H2O would be:
Supersaturated at 20°C
Explanation:
A solution is considered to be supersaturated if it contains more solute than what can dissolve in it at a particular temperature. It is, therefore, an unstable solution, and if any disturbance is provided, the excess solute starts to form crystals or precipitate. Thus, such a solution is capable of further dissolving the solute.
Suppose a solution of NaCl is considered, which is soluble in water to the extent of 36.0 g NaCl/100 g H2O at 20°C. This information helps in determining the solubility of NaCl at 20°C, which is 36.0 g NaCl/100 g H2O.Now, consider another solution that contains 45 g NaCl/160 g H2O at 20°C.
For determining whether the solution is saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated, compare the solubility of NaCl at 20°C to the given concentration of NaCl in the solution.The solubility of NaCl is 36.0 g NaCl/100 g H2O at 20°C, whereas the given concentration of NaCl in the solution is 45 g NaCl/160 g H2O. This concentration is higher than the solubility of NaCl.
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In the Haber Process, ammonia is synthesized from nitrogen andhydrogen:
N2 (g) + 3H2 -----> 2NH3(g)
ΔG at 298K for this reaction is -33.3 kj/mol. the valuef ΔG at 298 K for a reaction mixture that consists of 1.9 atmN2, 1.6 atm H2 and 0.65 atm NH3 is________.
a.) -3.86 x 103
b.) -1.8
c.) -7.25 x 103
d.) -40.5
e.) -104.5
Answers
The value of ΔG at 298 K for a reaction mixture containing 1.9 atm N2, 1.6 atm H2, and 0.65 atm, the answer is (a) -3.86 × 10^3.
NH3 can be calculated using the equation:
ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln(Q)
where ΔG is the standard Gibbs free energy change, ΔG° is the standard Gibbs free energy change at standard conditions, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and Q is the reaction quotient.
In this case, we are given ΔG° as -33.3 kJ/mol. To calculate Q, we need to use the partial pressures of the gases in the reaction mixture. The reaction stoichiometry tells us that the ratio of the partial pressures of N2, H2, and NH3 is 1:3:2. Therefore, we can write:
Q = (P(NH3))^2 / (P(N2) * P(H2)^3)
Plugging in the given values of P(N2) = 1.9 atm, P(H2) = 1.6 atm, and P(NH3) = 0.65 atm, we can calculate Q. Then, using the value of R = 8.314 J/(mol·K) and the temperature T = 298 K, we can substitute these values into the equation and solve for ΔG.
The calculated value of ΔG at 298 K for the given reaction mixture is approximately -3.86 × 10^3 J/mol. This value is equivalent to -3.86 kJ/mol. Therefore, the answer is (a) -3.86 × 10^3.
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Where would a leaf not be able to perform photosynthesis?
Answers
Answer:
It would not be able to without sun. So in a dark place
Question 1 a) It is said that a scientific method of research uses deductive and inductive methods of enquiry. Using examples of your choice explain the meaning of this statement. (10) b) Using a flow diagram Outline and explain the steps taken in a scientific research method.
Answers
The scientific research method is not always a linear process and may involve iterations, modifications, or additional steps based on the specific research context and findings.
Deductive and inductive methods are two approaches used in scientific research to gather knowledge and make conclusions.
Deductive reasoning starts with a general principle or theory and applies it to a specific situation to draw a logical conclusion. It involves making specific predictions based on a known theory and testing those predictions through observations or experiments.
For example, if the general principle is "All mammals have hair," and we know that dogs are mammals, we can deduce that dogs have hair.
Inductive reasoning, on the other hand, involves making generalizations based on specific observations or patterns. It uses specific examples or data to form a general theory or hypothesis.
For example, observing multiple dogs with hair can lead to the induction that all dogs have hair, even though we haven't observed every single dog.
Both deductive and inductive methods are important in scientific research.
Deductive reasoning allows scientists to test specific predictions derived from existing theories, while inductive reasoning helps to generate new hypotheses or theories based on observed patterns.
b) Steps in the Scientific Research Method (Flow Diagram):
Identify the Research Problem: Begin by identifying and defining the research problem or question you want to investigate.
Conduct a Literature Review: Review existing literature and research relevant to your topic to gain a comprehensive understanding of the subject and identify any gaps or unanswered questions.
Formulate a Hypothesis: Based on your literature review and initial observations, develop a hypothesis, which is a testable prediction or explanation for the research problem.
Design the Research Study: Determine the appropriate research design and methodology to address your hypothesis. This includes selecting participants or subjects, deciding on data collection methods, and planning any necessary experiments or surveys.
Collect Data: Implement your research plan and collect data according to the chosen methods. This may involve conducting experiments, administering surveys, or performing observations.
Analyze the Data: Once data is collected, analyze it using appropriate statistical or qualitative analysis techniques to draw meaningful conclusions.
Interpret the Results: Examine the analyzed data to determine whether the results support or refute your hypothesis. Consider any limitations or alternative explanations for the findings.
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this is the chemical formula for cassiterite (tin ore): sno2 a geochemist has determined by measurements that there are 8.346 moles of tin in a sample of cassiterite. how many moles of oxygen are in the sample? round your answer to 4 significant digits.
Answers
There are approximately 16.692 moles of oxygen in the sample of cassiterite with 8.346 moles of tin.
The chemical formula for cassiterite (tin ore) is SnO2, indicating that each molecule of cassiterite contains one atom of tin (Sn) and two atoms of oxygen (O). According to the given information, the sample contains 8.346 moles of tin. Since the molar ratio between tin and oxygen in SnO2 is 1:2, we can calculate the number of moles of oxygen by multiplying the number of moles of tin by 2. Therefore, 8.346 moles of tin would correspond to
\(2 * 8.346 = 16.692 \\\) moles of oxygen in the sample.
It's important to round the answer to four significant digits as specified. Hence, the final result is approximately 16.692 moles of oxygen.
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What are the slopes of the lines on a graph of the volume of the product versus volume of the reactants for the reaction represented by 2NO(g) + 02(g) + 2NO2(g) ?
Answers
The very high gas pressure used in many industrial gas-phase operations is produced by compressing gases that were at ambient pressure into a substantially smaller volume.
Thus, Changing a gas's volume will alter its concentration, which will alter the rate at which it combines with other substances if all other factors remain constant.
The forward pace of reaction doubles as N2O4 concentration increases. Contrarily, the reverse reaction requires two moles of NO2, hence doubling the quantity of NO2 causes the rate of the reaction to increase by four times.
First and foremost, it's crucial to note that altering a gas-phase reaction system's volume affects both the forward and reverse reaction speeds. The impact on these two rates might not be the same, which is the second crucial aspect.
Thus, The very high gas pressure used in many industrial gas-phase operations is produced by compressing gases that were at ambient pressure into a substantially smaller volume.
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what is the lewis dot structure for ClF (chlorine monofluoride)?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
.
Can someone help me please ?
Answers
Answer:
B
Graph 1 is An endothermic reaction and graph 2 is an exothermic reaction
When an object collides with another object, the KE is converting to
Answers
Answer:
Potential Energy (PE), assuming KE means Kinetic Energy here.
Explanation:
The car has KE when it's in motion, but when it collides with an object, it is stopped, replacing the KE with PE since it is no longer in motion.
I hope this makes sense! If not, I'll clarify better. :D
IF 14.07*10^26 molecules of magnesium chloride was produced in the following reaction, how many grams of magnesium reacted?
Answers
Answer:
56160grams
Explanation:
First, we need to convert the number of molecules of magnesium chloride (MgCl2) into moles by dividing by Avagadro's number (6.02 × 10^23 molecules)
n = nA ÷ 6.02 × 10^23
n = 14.07 × 10^26 ÷ 6.02 × 10^23
n = 14.07/6.02 × 10^(26-23)
n = 2.34 × 10^3 moles of MgCl2
The balanced reaction given in the question is as follows:
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
If 1 mole of Mg produced 1 mole of MgCl2
Then, 2.34 × 10^3 moles of Mg will also produce 2.34 × 10^3 moles of MgCl2.
Using mole = mass ÷ molar mass (MM)
Molar mass of Mg = 24g/mol
mass = mole × MM
mass = 2.34 × 10^3 × 24
mass = 56.16 × 10^3
mass = 56160grams.
At what times should a ph electrode be submerged in a solution?
Answers
Answer:
Generally the internal filling volume needs to be a higher volume level than the external volume level of the sample while the probe is submerged at all times.
Explanation:
Hope this helps you!
y = A x + 1/₂ B x²
If y = 23.2, x = 1.40, and B = 3.63, what is A?
Answers
A is 14.03 in the given equation y = Ax + (Bx^2)/2, if we substitute y = 23.2, x = 1.40 and B = 3.63.
This is an algebraic equation with two variables of order 2. The values of x, y and the coefficient of x^2 is given here.
The given equation y = Ax + (Bx^2)/2 has the variables A, x, y, and B.
By substituting the variables y, x, and B, we can get A from the equation.
y = 23.2
x = 1.40
B = 3.63
Substituting these values,
23.2 = A*1.40 + (3.63*1.4^2)/2
23.2 = 1.4A + 3.63*1.96/2
23.2 = 1.4A + 7.1148/2
23.2 - 3.5574 = 1.4A
1.4A = 19.6426
A = 19.6426/1.4
A = 14.03
Therefore, A = 14.03
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Which of the following is NOT an example of circular motion?
(A) car turning a corner
(B) car accelerating onto highway
(C) yo-yo on a string going in a circle
(D) the Moon’s path around Earth
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
A body moving with a constant speed and constantly changing direction and changing velocity is said to be in circular motion.
If 0. 240 mol of methane reacts completely with oxygen, what is the final yield of H2O in moles?
Answers
The final yield of \(H_2O\) in moles is 0.480 mol and can be determined by calculating the stoichiometric ratio between methane and water in the balanced chemical equation and multiplying it by the given amount of methane.
To find the final yield of \(H_2O\) in moles, we need to use the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of methane:
\(CH_4 + 2O_2\)→ \(CO_2 + 2H_2O\)
According to the equation, for every one mole of methane (\(CH_4\)) that reacts, two moles of water (\(H_2O\)) are produced. Therefore, the stoichiometric ratio between methane and water is 1:2.
Given that we have 0.240 mol of methane, we can calculate the moles of water produced by multiplying the amount of methane by the stoichiometric ratio:
\(0.240 mol CH_4 * (2 mol H_2O / 1 mol CH_4) = 0.480 mol H_2O\)
Hence, the final yield of \(H_2O\) in moles is 0.480 mol.
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I need help ASAP ... please
Answers
Answer:
help with what?
Alloantibodies to blood-vessel endothelium on solid organ grafts Select one: a. are specific for HLA class I and class II antigens. b. cause hyperacute rejection. c. cause acute rejection. d. target endothelium for attack by NK cells. e. are IgA and do not fix complement.
Answers
Option a is correct: Alloantibodies to blood-vessel endothelium on solid organ grafts are specific for HLA class I and class II antigens.
Alloantibodies are antibodies produced by an individual's immune system in response to foreign antigens from another individual of the same species (allogeneic). In the context of solid organ transplantation, alloantibodies can target the endothelium (inner lining) of blood vessels in the transplanted organ.
HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) class I and class II antigens are major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules that play a crucial role in the immune system's recognition of self and non-self cells. These antigens are highly polymorphic and vary between individuals, making them important targets for alloantibodies.
Therefore, option a is correct: Alloantibodies to blood-vessel endothelium on solid organ grafts are specific for HLA class I and class II antigens.
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True or False: The oxidation number for Cl2 is O.
Answers
Answer:
true
Explanation:
im smart
Answer:
true, oxidation number for Cl2 = 0
Which of the following represents a molecule
A Ca
B Co
C CO
D Cu
Answers
Answer:
C. CO
Explanation:
A molecule is a substance that is a combination of two or more atoms through a chemical bond while an element is a substance containing only one type of atom. However, some elements are also considered molecules because of having diatoms such as: Hydrogen, Oxygen, Chlorine, Bromine, Fluorine, Nitrogen and Iodine.
Among the choices above, it is only choice C (Carbon monoxide) that is a molecule. All the other options (Calcium, Cobalt and Copper) are elements. Carbon monoxide is a combination of one atom of carbon and another atom of oxygen.
The option that represents a molecule would be CO. That is option C.
What is a molecule?A molecule is defined as the substance that is made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined together.
From the options give above, CO which is carbon monoxide is diatomic. This shows that it contains two elements making it a molecule.
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How much heat must be transferred to 55 g of ice to change the ice's
temperature from -13°C to -5.0°C? (The specific heat capacity of ice is 2.11
J/g.°C)
Answers
Q= m x c x t
M= 55 g
C=2.11
T=8
a 2.00l flask was filled with 4.00 mol of hi at a certain temperature and given sufficient time to react. at equilibrium the concentration of h2 was 0.400 m. find the equilibrium concentrations of i2 and hi and then find the keq at this temperature. 2hi(g) <==> h2(g) + i2(g)
Answers
From the calculations and data, the equilibrium constant is 16.
What is equilibrium?The term equilibrium refers to the state in which the rate of forward reaction and the rate of reverse reaction becomes equal.
Setting up the ICE table
Concentration of HI = 4.00 mol /2.00l = 2 M
Concentration of H2 and I2 = 0.4 M
Hence;
2HI <==> H2(g) + I2(g)
I 2 0 0
C -x +x +x
E 2 - x 0.4 0.4
Hence x = 0.4
[HI]eq =
2 - 0.4 = 1.6
Keq = (1.6)^2/(0.4)^2 = 2.56/0.16 = 16
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Based on the standard free energies of formation, which of the following reactions represent a feasible way to synthesize the product?
A. N2(g)+2O2(g)→2NO2(g); ΔG ∘f=102.6 kJ/mol
B. 2Na(s)+O2(g) →Na2O2(s); ΔG∘f=-451.0 kJ/mol
C. 2C(s)+2H2(g) →C2H4(g); ΔG∘f=68.20 kJ/mol
D. Ca(s)+12O2(g) →CaO(s); ΔG∘f=-604.0 kJ/mol
Answers
Based on the standard free energies of formation, reactions B. and D. represent a feasible way to synthesize the product.
The feasible way to synthesize a product can be determined by examining the standard free energies of the formation of the reactants and products. A negative standard free energy of formation indicates that the compound is stable and feasible to form.
A. The standard free energy of formation of \(NO_2\) is positive (102.6 kJ/mol) , indicating that the reaction is not feasible.
B. The standard free energy of formation of \(Na_2O_2\) is negative(-451.0 kJ/mol), indicating that the reaction is feasible.
C. The standard free energy of formation of \(C_2H_4\) is positive( 68.20 kJ/mol), indicating that the reaction is not feasible.
D. The standard free energy of formation of CaO is negative(-604.0 kJ/mol), indicating that the reaction is feasible.
Therefore, the feasible reactions to synthesize the product are B and D.
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C3H8 + 5O2 -> 3CO2 + 4H20
If 20 liters of oxygen are consumed in the above reaction, how many liters of carbon
dioxide are produced?
Answers
Answer:
6
Explanation:
3x2=6
what mass of tin (in g) would be required to completely react with 1.50 l of 0.350 m hcl in the following chemical reaction? sn(s) 4 hcl(aq) → sncl₄ (aq) 2 h₂(g)
Answers
15.58g is mass of tin required to completely react with 1.50 l of 0.350 m hcl in the following chemical reaction :Sn + 4HBr → SnBr + 2H₂
What does a balanced equation mean?
A chemical equation that is balanced has equal amounts of each element's atoms on both sides of the equation and conserves mass.
Sn + 4HCl → SnCl + 2H₂
Mole of HCl = 1.50L × 0.350 M
= 0.525 mol
4 moles of HBr from the balanced equation totally react with 1 mole of tin to produce the desired result.
Thus, to get the aforementioned product, 0.525 moles of HBr totally react with 1/4 x 0.525 = 0.13125 moles of tin.
Molar mass of tin is 118.71g/mol
Mass of tin required = 0.13125×118.71 i.e. 15.58g
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can yall help me wit this?
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
hy is the ammonium salt of lidocaine used rather than the amine? The ammonium salt (lidocaine hydrochloride) is O less flavorful less acidid more soluble more reactive in water and body fluids than the amine lidocaine.
Answers
The ammonium salt is more preferred and used than the amine.
What are the differences between ammonium and amine salt?The ammonium salt of lidocaine, specifically lidocaine hydrochloride, is often used instead of the amine form of lidocaine for several reasons:
Solubility: The ammonium salt form of lidocaine has higher solubility in water and body fluids compared to the amine form. This improved solubility allows for easier formulation of lidocaine solutions for medical applications.Stability: The ammonium salt form of lidocaine is more stable than the amine form. It is less prone to degradation and has a longer shelf life, making it more suitable for storage and use in pharmaceutical preparations.Reactivity: The ammonium salt form of lidocaine exhibits higher reactivity in water and body fluids. This increased reactivity enhances its ability to dissolve and disperse in biological environments, facilitating its pharmacological action.Taste and acidity: The ammonium salt form of lidocaine is generally less flavorful and less acidic compared to the amine form. This makes it more palatable and less likely to cause discomfort or irritation when administered orally or topically.Overall, the use of the ammonium salt form of lidocaine, such as lidocaine hydrochloride, offers advantages in terms of solubility, stability, reactivity, and taste, making it a preferred choice for various medical and pharmaceutical applications.
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write a general equation for the reaction of a halogen with another halogen.
Answers
Answer:
All the halogens react directly with hydrogen, forming covalent bonds and—at sufficient levels of purity—colorless gases at room temperature. Hydrogen reacts with fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine, forming HF, HCl, HBr, and HI, respectively
What type of conservation tillage leaves the greatest amount of soil cover by crop residues? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this system?
Answers
Answer:
No-till conservation tillage
Explanation:
No till conservation involves the soil not being touched which gives rise to a large amount of organic matter being left on the surface.
The Advantage of this method is that it helps to prevent erosion such as that of wind and water due to the little or no exposure of the soil surface and helps to provide nutrients to the plants through the organic matter present.
The Disadvantage of this method is its heavy reliance of chemicals such as herbicides in killing the weeds in order to prevent competition for vital compounds with the main plants.
Why does lithium have a higher ionization energy compared to sodium?
Answers
Answer:
There are 11 protons in a sodium atom but only 3 in a lithium atom, so the nuclear charge is much greater. ... The only factor left is the extra distance between the outer electron and the nucleus in sodium's case. That lowers the ionization energy.
Determine whether each statement is a description of a physical property or a chemical property. Paper burns readily in air. Physical chemical Salt is a solid. Physical chemical.
Answers
Answer:
paper burning is chemical property because burning is a chemical reaction. salt being a solid is a physical property because phases of matter are physical properties of matter
Answer:
answer in ppicture
Explanation:
