Why are enzymes necessary for biological process

In most of the single celled organisms like fungus, spyroghyra, etc, reproduction occurs asexually.

Answer:

"It is the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, ending stimulation of the muscle fiber. -It is the type of receptor found in the motor end plate that binds acetylcholine, initiating an electrical impulse."

Explanation:

Answer:

B

Explanation:

because cell division occurs when one cell divide to produce two new cell.

Adaption is a change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.

Explanation:

Adaptations develop when certain variations or differences in a population help some members survive better than others

Some seeds feature barbs or hooks that cling to an animal's skin, fur, or feathers. Birds can carry away the sticky seeds of plants like pittosporum.

Seeds from plants that rely on animals for distribution are made to fit either within or outside of the animal. Burr- or hook-shaped seeds can cling to an animal's fur. Plants give seeds that are carried internally an enticing fruit pulp reward in exchange for the journey.

Mangoes, guavas, breadfruit, carob, and several fig species are some examples. Aardvarks and the desert melon (Cucumis humifructus) share a symbiotic connection in South Africa, where the mammals consume the fruit for food.

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Answer:

Cellular respiration is the process by which living cells break down glucose molecules and release energy. The process is similar to burning, although it doesn’t produce light or intense heat as a campfire does. This is because cellular respiration releases the energy in glucose slowly, in many small steps. It uses the energy that is released to form molecules of ATP, the energy-carrying molecules that cells use to power biochemical processes. Cellular respiration involves many chemical reactions, but they can all be summed up with this chemical equation:

C6H12O6+6O2⟶6CO2+6H2O+Energy

where the energy that is released is in chemical energy in ATP (vs. thermal energy as heat). The equation above shows that glucose ( C6H12O6 ) and oxygen ( O2 ) react to form carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) and water  H2O , releasing energy in the process. Because oxygen is required for cellular respiration, it is an aerobic process.

Cellular respiration occurs in the cells of all living things, both autotrophs and heterotrophs.

Explanation:

Explanation:

d is the answer..........

Answer:

D

Explanation:

this contains all living organisms and it is intimately related to the other three spheres: most living organisms require gases from the atmosphere, water from the hydrosphere and nutrients and minerals from the geosphere.

All of the following are examples of environmental mutagens except : sunlight as it does not pollute the environment.

Agents that can cause mutations in DNA and increase the frequency of mutations in a population is known as environmental mutagens. Examples of environmental mutagens are : x-rays, UV radiation, certain chemicals such as pesticides, and some naturally occurring substances like aflatoxins produced by fungi.

Mutagens are the substances that have the ability to change the genetic composition of a person / animal and these changes caused by mutagens are referred to as genetic mutations. Major target of mutagens is DNA.

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The effect of different coloured light waves on the growth of pea plants was to be observed by a botanist. The same number of seeds were put in three plants with the same type of pots and the same type of soil and every day, they were given the same amount of water. If one pot is placed in a dark windowless closet, the second is placed on the windowsill and the third is placed under a lamp with a green bulb. The variable factor, in this case, will be the colour of light.

Plants require light for the process of photosynthesis. In the process of photosynthesis, the light is trapped by the chlorophyll pigment present in the mesophyll cells of the leaves of the plants.

The light energy is trapped and converted into chemical energy. This is then used for the hydrolysis of water and the reduction of carbon dioxide. These processes then result in the formation of glucose.

Therefore, the plant that gets abundant sunlight on the windowsill will grow better than the plant placed under a lamp and the plant placed under the lamp will grow better than the pot placed in a dark closet.

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The given question is incomplete, however, the questions related to this is as follows:

What are the characteristics of the water cycle?

What part do plants play in the water cycle?

Answer:

The correct answer is -

- The characteristics of the water cycle are evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, surface runoff, and groundwater.

- Plants perform transpiration.

Explanation:

The water cycle is the movement of the water in between different spheres of the earth that include the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere and biosphere. The water cycle has various components and processes that complete the water cycle and connect different spheres.

The components of the water cycle are evaporation of water and transpiration from the hydrosphere or geosphere and plants respectively to the atmosphere. The condensation and precipitation to water again to the geosphere and hydrosphere from atmosphere and runoff on the surface on earth to the water resrvoirs.

Asexually reproducing aliens would be more susceptible to the NASA-created virus. Option A is correct.

This is due to the fact that asexual reproduction creates genetically identical offspring through the process of mitosis without the transfer of genetic material from one person to another. Because of this lack of genetic diversity, any mutation or genetic change caused by the virus would have an impact on the entire population. On the other hand, through meiosis and fertilisation, sexually reproducing aliens create offspring with distinctive genetic material. Due to the fact that different people would react to the virus differently due to genetic diversity, it would be more challenging for the virus to infect the entire population. As a result, the virus would spread more readily and have a greater effect on the asexually reproducing aliens.

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Explanation:

a. By peristalsis

..................

Answer:

Half of the solar radiation is absorbed and converted to infrared (heat).

Explanation:

Solar radiation is the energy emitted by the Sun in all directions through space as electromagnetic waves.

The Earth’s surface has a significant impact on solar radiation.

When solar radiation reaches the Earth’s surface, it warms it up. However, the Earth’s average temperature does not change because the Earth radiates energy to the atmosphere and space. The outgoing radiation is at the Earth’s temperature and has its maximum in the infrared region of the spectrum.

Almost all solar radiation is absorbed by the ground, but only half of it is converted to infrared (heat). The other half is reflected back into space by the ground.

There is no cell structure that living cells could live without as cellular structures have function which is peculiar to a part of life process and once any of these structure is removed, life ceases.

This is because the presence of cellular structures in cells of living organisms makes them to live and without these structures, life would not continue.

Living cells cannot function without cellular structures such as nucleus, ribosomes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and others.

A cell can simply be defined as the simplest unit of life. All living organisms be it unicellular or multicellular organisms is made up of cell.

So therefore, there is no cell structure that living cells could live without as cellular structures have function which is peculiar to a part of life process and once any of these structure is removed, life ceases.

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Answer: Number 2 is a protonated water molecule and present in all aqueous acids

3 is the characteristics of a base are:

Properties of acids and bases

4 is: an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond

There are multiple answers for number 5

For a strong one, you can put hydrochloric acid

and for a weak one, you can put oxalic acid

Answer:

The process of evolution involves a series of natural changes that cause species (populations of different organisms) to arise, adapt to the environment, and become extinct. All species or organisms have originated through the process of biological evolution.

Linnaeus was very important in setting the bases of taxonomy in this he proposed the major level of classification, called kingdoms where he proposed three, vegetabilia, animalia, and mineral, tgerefore the correct answer is option c.

A few of the positive particles aimed at a gold foil seemed to bounce back.

This model of the atom was proposed by Ernest Rutherford and was called the planetary model of the atom.

This model is based on an experiment using a gold foil on which alpha particles were focused. Most of the alpha particles passed through the foil. Some of the alpha particles were scattered at large angles and a few seemed to bounce back.

This led to the conclusion that the atom has a massive positive core around which electrons move as planets move around the sun.

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The question is incomplete, The complete question is;

Scientists have changed the model of the atom as they have gathered new evidence. One of the atomic models is shown below. What experimental evidence led to the development of this atomic model from the one before it?

Answer:

The animal cell will take in water until it eventually swells or burst

Explanation:

Osmosis is an important phenomenon that drives the movement of water across membranes. It is defined as the movement of water molecules from a region of high water concentration/low solute concentration to a region of low water concentration/high solute concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.

In this case, the animal cell with a molar concentration of 2.0M is placed in 0.0M and 1.0M sucrose solutions. This means that the cell is placed in an hypotonic solution (solution with low solute concentration), hence, water will move from the extracellular solution into the animal cell since the solute concentration in the cell is more. The animal cell will begin to swell and eventually burst.

In hypotonic solutions, the concentration of solute is lower than the concentration inside the cell. If a cell (2M) is placed in two solutions (0M and 1M), water will move toward the cell interior, swelling it.    

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When talking about solutions, we can classify them as follows,

Water is considered to be a hypotonic solution.

When a cell is in a hypotonic solution, through osmosis, water moves toward the cell.  

Osmosis occurs when two dilutions of different concentrations -in this example, the interior of the cell and the solution- are separated by a semipermeable membrane.

The membrane allows the pass of water but not solute.

Hence, water can move from the most diluted side to the less diluted one.  

Water tends to go from the hypotonic solution to the cell interior and keeps doing so until concentrations are equal in the cell interior and exterior.

As water enters the cell, the cell begins to enlarge and becomes bigger-sized.

Because isolated cells can not limit the amount of water moving in, it keeps swelling until the membrane can not stretch anymore, and lysis occurs. It bursts.

Under natural conditions, the body regulates the extracellular fluids to avoid cells swelling until they burst.

What we need to consider is

In simple words, in the proposed experiment, sucrose can not cross the membrane, but water can. So,  

To solve this problem, we know that

In both cases, the concentration in the interior of the cell is higher than the concentration in the solution.

In both cases the cell is in a hypotonic solution, meaning that water will get into the cell.

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The correct answer is ATP releases energy as a phosphate bond is broken.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is converted into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) when a phosphate group is removed from ATP, resulting in the release of energy. This process is known as hydrolysis, where water molecules are used to break the bond between the terminal phosphate group and the rest of the molecule.

During cellular metabolism, ATP serves as the primary energy currency of the cell. When energy is required for various cellular processes, the phosphate bond in ATP is broken by an enzyme called ATPase. This enzymatic hydrolysis reaction cleaves off one of the phosphate groups, resulting in the formation of ADP and an inorganic phosphate molecule (Pi). The released phosphate group is then available to be used in other cellular reactions.

The conversion of ATP to ADP is an essential part of energy metabolism in cells. The energy released during this process is utilized to drive various cellular activities, such as muscle contraction, active transport of molecules across cell membranes, and synthesis of macromolecules. Once ATP is converted to ADP, it can be further hydrolyzed to AMP (adenosine monophosphate) if more energy is needed. Ultimately, the energy stored in ATP is released when the phosphate bond is broken, allowing cells to perform their vital functions.

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The innate response is also called an unconditioned response. It is related to unlearned responses that occurs naturally in reaction to unconditioned stimulus. Innate responses occur even when we are newborns and have no idea of what caused them or what's happening. Good examples of it are sweating and shivering, as they are physiological responses that cannot be controled, predicted or learned. Therefore, the correct answer is innate.

The organism that is most likely to carry out the process shown in the diagram is Calla lily (option D).

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells obtain chemical energy by the consumption of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide.

According to this question, a diagrammatic representation of cellular respiration is given in the above chart. Based on the chart, chloroplast is included to release oxygen gas needed for respiration.

Only green plants possess chloroplast used for photosynthesis, hence, Cana lily is the most likely organism to carry out the above process.

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The aspect of the human skeletal system that provides forensic anthropologists with the most information about the age of skeletons is the fact that specific bones that exhibit sex differences. Option D

Among the options provided, the aspect of the human skeletal system that provides forensic anthropologists with the most information about a skeleton's age is the fact that specific bones exhibit sex differences.

While the shape and size of eye orbits, bone position changes over time, and bone hardening with exposure can provide some information about age, determining sex differences through specific bone characteristics (such as pelvic bones, skull features, or long bone dimensions) is often more reliable and widely used in forensic anthropology to estimate the age of a skeleton.

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Heterozygous individuals are those who carry a dominant and a recessive allele in their genotype. Question 6 is true, Heterozygous individuals will display the dominant trait but carry the recessive allele that can be passed to future offspring.

When talking about heterozygous or homozygous individuals, we are referring to their genotype.

The heterozygous individual carries two types of alleles. Depending on the inheritance pattern and the interaction between alleles, one of them can dominate over the other one, can be equally dominant, or is incompletely dominant.

In the case of complete dominance, the dominant allele completely hides the expression of the recessive allele. So the heterozygous individual will express the dominant phenotype because of the presence of the dominant allele but will carry a recessive allele that will be transmitted to the progeny.

Question 6 is true, Heterozygous individuals will display the dominant trait but carry the recessive allele that can be passed to future offspring.

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If some mice have inherited a genetic mutation that causes them to have a band of white fur around the middle of their bodies, it is most likely that an ancestor of these mice also had the same genetic mutation that caused the band of white fur.

Genetic mutations are changes in DNA sequence that can be inherited by offspring from their parents. If a mutation passed down from the parent to its offspring, then next generations will also have the same mutations. The white fur band presence suggests that the mutation for this trait has been inherited through multiple generations of mice.

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