Can parts of a system also be a system?
Answer:
yes A system can be also be a system
Describe dynamic equilibrium in a cell
When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal. The system is dynamic because individual molecules react continuously. It is at equilibrium because no net change occurs.
Answer:
A system in dynamic equilibrium will have small changes that sum together to produce no net change.
Explanation:
Dynamic Equilibrium Definition
A system in dynamic equilibrium will have small changes that sum together to produce no net change. Many biological systems are in dynamic equilibrium, from the water inside a cell, to the dynamic equilibrium experienced by populations of predators and prey. Dynamic equilibrium is different from a static equilibrium, in which the parts do not move once they’ve reached equilibrium.
Dynamic equilibrium has different meanings in each science sub-discipline, such as biochemistry or ecology. In chemistry, the equilibrium of a reaction is the point at which the products and reactants have the lowest free energy. The dynamic equilibrium, on the other hand, is the point at which products are being generated as fast as they are falling apart. This may not be the same as the chemical equilibrium, as enzymes force many reactions far past their natural equilibriums by making products faster than they break apart. Due to this, chemist often refer to dynamic equilibrium as a dynamic steady-state, to clearly differentiate between the two points in a reaction.
Ecologists and population biologists will often refer to dynamic equilibrium when talking about populations of organisms. When studying the number of organisms in a population over time, many factors affect the growth of a population. Often, populations will go through periods of boom and bust. Ample resources cause high reproduction rates in all animals, leading to a much higher population. When the resources are distributed among this higher number, there are not nearly enough resources to go around. Thus, the population dies off. Ecologist see these cycles as a dynamic equilibrium that the population is stuck in, never really gaining or losing large numbers of individuals.
Examples of Dynamic Equilibrium
Glucose in an Organism
Throughout your entire lifetime, the glucose levels in your body remain relatively the same. Over the course of a day however, your body uses enormous amounts of glucose and must replace it. Each cell in your body requires glucose to function. As the cells use this glucose, the liver and your digestive system work quickly to replace it. Glucose from the food you eat is moved from the stomach and intestines into the bloodstream. The liver stores glucose as glycogen, and must break this large molecule down to release glucose into the blood. In your body, glucose is in dynamic equilibrium. While glucose has periods of high and low concentration, it is relatively stable. If glucose levels in your body fall out of dynamic equilibrium, or you cannot replace the glucose you use, you would eventually die.
Predator-Prey Dynamics
Ecologists often study the relationships between multiple species and their effects on each other. One relationship in nature that often shows dynamic equilibrium is the predatory-prey dynamic. Imagine a nature reserve that only contains rabbits and wolves. As the rabbit population increases, it provides more food for the wolf population. This sets both populations into dynamic equilibrium. The wolves, reaping the benefits of the increased rabbit population, also start to reproduce more. After a period of time, the wolf population also starts to increase dramatically. As more wolves are born and eat the rabbits, their populations eventually level off. The wolves, still reproducing at high levels, eventually start decreasing the rabbit population, which cannot keep up. The rabbits decrease, and eventually the wolves are left without enough food to support a large population. This dynamic equilibrium of both populations is interesting because it shows a direct cause and effect relationship between different species in an ecosystem.
In bacteria, there are 61 MRNA codons that specify an amino acid, but only 45 tRNAs.Which of the following statements explains this fact? a) Some tRNAs have anticodons that recognize multiple amino acids. b) Many codons are never used, so the tRNAs that recognize them are dispensable. c) The DNA codes for all 61 tRNAs, but some are then destroyed. d) Base pairing between the first base of a codon and tRNA is flexible. e) None of the above is correct
The correct statement that explains this fact is (a) Some tRNAs have anticodons that recognize multiple amino acids because these tRNAs can recognize multiple codons that code for the same amino acid.
To translate the mRNA codons into amino acids, a specific tRNA molecule with a complementary anticodon is needed. Since there are only 45 tRNAs and 61 mRNA codons, each tRNA molecule must recognize more than one codon. This is possible due to the degeneracy of the genetic code, which means that multiple codons can code for the same amino acid.
Some tRNAs have anticodons that recognize multiple amino acids so that this helps to compensate for the shortage of tRNAs and enables the cell to accurately translate the genetic code into proteins. Hence, option a is correct.
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what can make the amino acids sequence to be low: active site mutation, stop codon mutation, trna error
Stop codon mutation can make the sequence to be low. Option (b) is correct.
What are the amino acids?Amino acids are molecules that combine to form proteins and amino acids and proteins are the building blocks of life. When proteins are broken down, then amino acids are left. Human body uses amino acids to make proteins to help the body and break down food.
Stop codon mutations can result in shorter amino acid sequence because premature termination of translation can lead to incomplete protein synthesis. Resulting protein may be truncated and may also lack essential functional domains, resulting in non-functional functional protein.
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bijlsma mw et al. community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults in the netherlands, 2006–14: a prospective cohort study.
The article titled "Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults in the Netherlands, 2006–14: a prospective cohort study" by Bijlsma MW et al. is a study of the prevalence of bacterial meningitis in adults in the Netherlands from 2006 to 2014.
It was conducted as a prospective cohort study. The study aimed to identify the distribution of bacterial meningitis pathogens, assess their antibiotic susceptibility and determine the clinical characteristics of patients who had contracted the infection. It also sought to determine the outcome of the patients who contracted bacterial meningitis.
The study found that Neisseria meningitidis was the most commonly isolated pathogen. Other bacterial pathogens included Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. It was also found that the incidence of meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis had significantly decreased from 2006 to 2014.However, the study concluded that despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, bacterial meningitis remains a severe and potentially life-threatening infection. It is a highly heterogeneous disease that requires a rapid diagnosis, prompt initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy, and adequate supportive care to minimize morbidity and mortality.
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within how many hours must cooked tcs food be cooled
TCS food should be cooled within six hours. According to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines, cooked TCS food should be cooled within six hours.
Cooling food down rapidly is important to prevent the growth of bacteria and other harmful pathogens that can cause foodborne illness.TCS refers to foods that require time and temperature control for safety, such as meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, and cooked rice. When these foods are cooked and then left at room temperature for too long, bacteria can grow and multiply quickly. To prevent this from happening, it's important to cool TCS foods down as quickly as possible.
The FDA recommends using one of the following methods to cool TCS foods:
Divide large quantities of food into smaller portions, then place the containers in an ice bath or under cold running water.Stir the food occasionally to help it cool more quickly. Place hot food in shallow pans, then place the pans in the refrigerator or freezer. Make sure the pans are no more than two inches deep so that the food can cool quickly. Store the food in a cool, dry place that is below 41 degrees Fahrenheit. Avoid placing hot food in the refrigerator or freezer, as this can cause the temperature to rise and compromise the safety of other foods.To know more about Food and Drug Administration please refer:
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Which of the following statements would be an inference, NOT an
observation?
The net effect of the effector is to shut off the original ________, or reduce its intensity, during the negative feedback mechanism to restore homeostasis.
Based on the knowledge of homeostasis, the net effect of the effector is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity, during the negative feedback mechanism to restore homeostasis.
What is an effector?
An effector is a part of a control system which serves as means of giving response to a stimulus.
Release of the effector by the control system results in inhibition of stimulus or a minimization of the effect of the stimulus in order to maintain homeostasis.
Therefore, the net effect of the effector is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity, during the negative feedback mechanism to restore homeostasis.
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true or false? drink driving is dangerous becuase the alcohol in the driver's body will decrease his reaction speed
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Drinking while driving slows a person's reaction time. This makes you more likely to crash.
Without presence of enzymes, the reactions necessary life would require ______ in order to occur
Without the presence of enzymes, the reactions necessary for life would require higher temperatures in order to occur.
Proteins make up enzymes, which are the fundamental components of all living things. They accelerate biochemical reactions as a result of their function as catalysts. Those reactions simply would not take place or would proceed too slowly to support life. For instance, digestion would be impossible without enzymes.
Because higher temperatures are able to increase the rate of reaction in a reaction, stimulating the activation energy required for the reaction, higher temperatures are able to complete the reactions necessary to sustain life without the presence of enzymes.
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Without the presence of enzymes, the reactions necessary for life would require much higher temperatures and/or pressures in order to occur.
Enzymes have the ability to accelerate chemical reactions without being eaten, which is how they function as catalysts. They achieve this by reducing the activation energy necessary for a reaction to start, enabling it to proceed considerably more quickly and at lower temperatures and pressures. At the temperatures and pressures experienced in live organisms, reactions would occur much more slowly—or not at all—without the presence of enzymes.Proteins provide the primary function of enzymes, which are catalysts that quicken practically all chemical events within cells.
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true/false: below the lithosphere, terrestrial planet mantles are primarily melted rock (magma).
True, below the lithosphere, terrestrial planet mantle is the layer of interior that lies beneath the crust and outer core.
Above the lithosphere, terrestrial planet mantles are primarily melted rock (magma) is because there aren't many SiO2 molecules that could be converted into glass by heat and pressure at great depths in the mantle—only CaO molecules can do so under these conditions (and they don't do it very well)..
The mantle has a thick upper mantle and a thin lower mantle. The upper mantle is where most of the crust forms, because it contains relatively large amounts of silica from which the crust can grow. The lower mantle has a much higher proportion of iron and magnesium than the upper mantle does, and it also contains small quantities of silicon-30 (SiO2) and calcium-40 (CaO).
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Describe the function of carbohydrates in your body.
The function of carbohydrates in your body is carbohydrates give you energy, the food you consume is broken down into glucose.
What is Carbohydrates?Carbohydrates is defied as that contains biomolecule that contains carbon hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio of 2:1. Carbohydrates are mane source of energy of the body they work as fuel for the brain, kidneys central nervous system and heart muscle.
\(Cn(H2O)n\) is the basic formula for all carbohydrates . But this formula have limitation i.e it applies where same amount of carbon and water are use. Initially the terms carbohydrate was used to describe compounds that have really contains carbohydrates. Because they had simple formula \(CH20.\)
In modern Era carbohydrates are classified on the basis of their structure not on their formulae. Such as aldehydes and ketones are now known as polyhydroxy.
Therefore, The function of carbohydrates in your body is carbohydrates give you energy, the food you consume is broken down into glucose.
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A mutation in a gene leads to a protein that is less sensitive to ubiquitin. Compared with the normal version of this gene, we should expect to see _______ of the _______ of the mutant in the proteasome.
a) more; protein
b) less; protein
c) more; mRNA
d) more; tRNA
e) less; mRNA
Answer:
B. Less;protein.
Explanation:
A mutation in a gene leads to a protein that is less sensitive to ubiquitin. Compared with the normal version of this gene, we should expect to see less of the protein of the mutant in the proteasome.
Which is not a compound?
a) 8H 2
b) 5HCl
c) 6CaO
d) H 2O
Answer:
a) 8H 2
Explanation:
Which section of ocean floor is near the coastlines of all continents?
A)neritic zone
B)open ocean
C)shallow ocean
D)intertidal zone
Answer:
Intertidal zone
Explanation:
Intertidal zone is the section of ocean floor which is near the coastline of all continents.
During the life cycle of some salamanders, the reproductive adult stage is entirely aquatic and an extended portion of the juvenile stage is terrestrial. Why might this type of life cycle have evolved?
This life cycle may have evolved to avoid competition and predation pressures in both aquatic and terrestrial environments.
Many amphibians have evolved complex life cycles that involve both aquatic and terrestrial stages. This allows them to avoid competition for resources and predators in either environment. The aquatic adult stage of some salamanders allows for efficient breeding and egg-laying in water, while the terrestrial juvenile stage allows for the exploitation of terrestrial resources and reduced competition for aquatic resources. The ability to inhabit both environments may have also allowed for range expansions into new habitats. Overall, this dual life cycle strategy may provide greater ecological flexibility and increase the likelihood of species survival in variable and changing environments.
The life cycle of salamanders with an entirely aquatic reproductive adult stage and an extended juvenile terrestrial stage is known as an "incomplete metamorphosis." This life cycle likely evolved in response to environmental factors and selective pressures. Salamanders that spend their juvenile stage on land may be able to avoid predators that are aquatic or have a competitive advantage over other organisms that require aquatic habitats. Additionally, a terrestrial juvenile stage may provide more diverse food sources and help ensure the survival of the species in case the aquatic habitats become unsuitable for reproduction. Incomplete metamorphosis may also be a transitional stage in the evolution of complete metamorphosis, which is seen in many other amphibians such as frogs and toads. Incomplete metamorphosis provides an opportunity for the salamanders to evolve and adapt to different habitats, giving them a better chance of survival in changing environments.
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How do Kepler’s laws describe planetary orbits?
1) Planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus.
2) Planets speed up when they are closer to the sun because of the sun's gravitational pull.
identify the functions of oxytocin. select all that apply. multiple select question. triggers the breakdown of glycogen stimulates milk ejection from the mammary glands stimulates the development of ovarian follicles stimulates the production of milk stimulates uterine contractions
Oxytocin, which is secreted by the posterior pituitary, produces uterine contractions. The thyroid releases the hormone calcium which lowers blood calcium levels. In contrast to calcitonin, the parathyroid hormone raises blood calcium levels.
Describe oxytocin?Oxytocin has two major physiological effects: it stimulates uterine contractions during labour and childbirth and stimulates breast tissue contractions to promote lactation after childbirth.
Describe tissue?Multicellular organisms have a level of structure called physiology, which is made up of a set of physically and functionally related cells and the intercellular material between them.
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Match the following examples to the correct component of the human skeletal system.
The elbow is a point of connection between the humerus of the upper arm and the radius and ulna of the forearm.
The nose and ears are made of flexible connective tissue.
The ACL is a long connective tissue in the knee between the tibia and femur.
The femur is the largest semirigid connective tissue in the human body; it is found in the leg.
The elbow is part of the joint component of the skeletal system.
The nose and ears are made of cartilage, a type of connective tissue.
The ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) is a connective tissue in the knee joint.
The femur is a bone in the skeletal system, not a connective tissue.
The elbow is a point of connection between the humerus of the upper arm and the radius and ulna of the forearm.
This corresponds to the joint component of the human skeletal system. Joints allow for movement and flexibility between bones.
The nose and ears are made of flexible connective tissue. This corresponds to the cartilage component of the human skeletal system. Cartilage provides structure and support while being more flexible than bone.
The ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) is a long connective tissue in the knee between the tibia and femur. This corresponds to the ligament component of the human skeletal system. Ligaments are tough bands of connective tissue that connect bones and provide stability to joints.
The femur is the largest semirigid connective tissue in the human body; it is found in the leg. This corresponds to the bone component of the human skeletal system. Bones provide structural support, protect internal organs, and enable movement through their rigid structure.
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difference of 3 domain scheme and 5 kingdom scheme
•Difference of 3 domain scheme and 5 kingdom scheme.
Answer:
•There are five kingdoms; monera, protista, fungi, plantae and animalia. On the other hand, all living organisms belong to three domains namely, bacteria, archaea and eukarya. Similarly, domain Eukarya includes protista, fungi, plantae and animalia. Hence, this is the difference between kingdom and domain.
Explanation:
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how do enzymes affect chemical reactions in living organisms
Answer:
Enzymes are catalysts for chemical reactions in living things. Enzymes, like other catalysts, lower the activation energy and increase the rate of chemical reac- tions. ... This means that enzymes do not change the direction of a reaction— they just change the amount of time needed for equilibrium to be reached.
Explanation:
Enzymes do catalyze the reactions that occur in the living systems.
What are enzymes?We know that enzymes are biochemical catalysts that can be found in the body We know that the body is a large system that involves a lot of chemical reactions that are going on at almost the same time.
Now the enzymes are specific in their actions and they are able to fit into the substrate in a lock and key model such that they could lower the activation energy of the reaction and make the reaction to go faster.
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explain the difference between lymph, tissue fluid and plasma
Lymph, tissue fluid, and plasma are all fluids that exist in the body, but they differ in their location and composition.
Lymph is a clear fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system. It is formed when tissue fluid enters the lymphatic vessels and is transported through the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes. Lymph contains immune cells and waste products and is important for the immune system.
Tissue fluid is a fluid that surrounds the cells in tissues. It is formed when blood plasma filters out of the capillaries and into the spaces between cells. Tissue fluid supplies nutrients and oxygen to the cells and removes waste products.
Plasma is the liquid part of the blood. It contains water, electrolytes, proteins, hormones, and waste products. Plasma carries nutrients, hormones, and waste products to and from the cells and tissues in the body.
In summary, lymph is a fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system, tissue fluid is a fluid that surrounds the cells in tissues, and plasma is the liquid part of the blood that carries nutrients, hormones, and waste products to and from the cells and tissues in the body.
In response to a stimulus, if the membrane potential becomes more negative than the
resting potential, we say the membrane is
O depolarized
O polarized
O unpolarized
O hyperpolarized
In response to a stimulus, the membrane potential of a neuron can either become more positive or more negative than the resting potential. When the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential, we say the membrane is hyperpolarized.
Hyperpolarization occurs when the membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential due to an increase in the efflux of positively charged ions (e.g. potassium ions) or influx of negatively charged ions (e.g. chloride ions) across the membrane.
This increase in negative charge makes it more difficult for the neuron to generate an action potential, since the threshold for depolarization becomes harder to reach.
Hyperpolarization is an important mechanism in the regulation of neuronal activity, as it can act to inhibit the firing of action potentials.
In addition to its role in preventing excessive neuronal activity, hyperpolarization can also contribute to the shaping of synaptic inputs by modulating the integration of excitatory and inhibitory signals.
Overall, hyperpolarization represents a fundamental aspect of the electrical properties of neurons, and plays a crucial role in the regulation of neuronal activity and information processing in the brain.
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The best way to describe the scientific process is a
Answer:
The scientific method is the process of objectively establishing facts through testing and experimentation. The basic process involves making an observation, forming a hypothesis, making a prediction, conducting an experiment and finally analyzing the results.
Explanation:
I believe.
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when a baby is born it is suddenly confronted by very different surrounding name two major difference it faces
Gross motor - controlling the head, sitting, crawling, maybe even starting to walk. Fine motor - holding a spoon, picking up a piece of cereal between thumb and finger. Sensory - seeing, hearing, tasting, touching and smelling. Language - starting to make sounds, learning some words, understanding what people say.
which uses more energy while it's running,
the washing machine or dryer.
Answer:
dryer uses more energy while it's running
which of the following contributes to the fact that the small intestine cannot passively absorb bile salts? taurine and glycine have low pka values. bile salts are hydrophobic. pancreatic secretions increase intestinal ph.
The fact that bile salts are hydrophobic contributes to the fact that the small intestine cannot passively absorb them.
As amphipathic molecules with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas, bile salts have both. The hydrophilic part of the bile salts permits them to stay in solution in the aqueous environment of the digestive tract, whilst the hydrophobic region enables them to interact with and emulsify fats in the intestinal lumen.
Bile salts are hydrophobic, which makes it challenging for them to passively penetrate the hydrophilic epithelial cells lining the small intestine. Bile salts are combined with taurine or glycine to make them easier to absorb by lowering their hydrophobicity and raising their solubility in water.
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Briefly explain how an animal's role in the agricultural industry determines its most desirable traits as livestock
Answer:
The livestock species play very important economic and socio-cultural roles for the wellbeing of rural households, such as food supply, source of income, asset saving, source of employment, soil fertility, livelihoods, transport, agricultural traction, agricultural diversification and sustainable agricultural production. The aim of this work was to identify and characterize the different roles that livestock and livestock species play in rural communities of Timor-Leste, highlighting the importance of animal production for the wellbeing and rural development, and relate the functions performed by livestock production with economic, social and cultural attributes of the communities. The data used in this study were collected in 2011 through a questionnaire survey in three rural communities in the district of Bobonaro, namely in a mountain area, an irrigation plain and a coastal zone, and were complemented with secondary data. Livestock production in Timor-Leste is predominantly familiar being chickens, pigs, goats, cattle, horses, buffaloes and sheep the main species. Beyond the economic function, each livestock species also performs social and cultural functions.
This fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphate and potassium and is a mix of two incomplete fertilizers. (Check all that apply)
A. Complete
B. Blended
C. Special Purpose
D. Slow Release
Answer:
B. Blended
Explanation:
Blended fertilizer is a type of fertilizer that is made by mixing two or more incomplete fertilizers together. Incomplete fertilizers contain only one or two of the three primary nutrients required by plants: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Blended fertilizers are a popular choice among farmers and gardeners because they allow for customization of the nutrient balance and ratios to meet the specific needs of different crops or plants.
If a man without a cleft chin married a woman without a cleft chin, could they have a child with a cleft chin?
Answer:
they cannot have a baby with a cleft chin