Which of the following is characteristic of psychoactive drugs?
*They alter the speed with which action potentials travel.
*They can alter the amplitude of action potentials.
*They do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier.
*They alter levels of neurotransmitters.
Answers
Answer: The characteristic of psychoactive drugs is that they alter levels of neurotransmitters.
Explanation: Psychoactive drugs are substances that affect the central nervous system and alter brain function. They can be classified into several categories based on their effects, such as stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and opioids.
Psychoactive drugs work by altering the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals between neurons. Different neurotransmitters have different functions in the brain and can affect mood, behavior, and cognition.
For example, stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamines increase the levels of dopamine in the brain, which can produce feelings of euphoria and increased energy. Depressants such as alcohol and benzodiazepines increase the levels of GABA in the brain, which can produce feelings of relaxation and sedation. Hallucinogens such as LSD and psilocybin alter the levels of serotonin in the brain, which can produce altered perceptions and hallucinations.
Hope this helps, and have a great day!
Related Questions
________ occurs on a trench when an older plate sinks back into
the mantle? *
transform boundary
convergent boundary
divergent boundary
convection current
subduction
Answers
Answer:
Subduction
Explanation:
What is evolution?
O a trait that allows organisms in a population to better survive and reproduce in their
environment
o the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to
survive and reproduce
O a group of organisms that can mate to produce fertile offspring
O the process in which inherited traits of a population change over many generations
Answers
Answer:
O the process in which inherited traits of a population change over many generations
Explanation:
The traits of a populations evolve or "change" over many generations
Answer:
The process by which inherited traits of a population change over many generations.
Explanation:
Evolution in its contemporary meaning in biology typically refers to the changes in the proportions of biological types in a population over time.
which of the following is true about smooth muscle contraction
Answers
Involuntary, slow, sustained, myogenic, lack of striations, calcium-dependent, varied locations, hormone-responsive.
Smooth muscle contraction characteristics?Smooth muscle contraction is characterized by the following features:
Involuntary: Smooth muscle contraction is not under conscious control, unlike skeletal muscle. It is regulated by the autonomic nervous system and various hormonal signals.Slow and Sustained: Smooth muscle contractions are slower and can be maintained for longer durations compared to skeletal muscle contractions. This property is beneficial for functions like peristalsis (rhythmic contractions) in the digestive tract or maintaining muscle tone in blood vessels.Spontaneous Activity: Smooth muscle cells can exhibit spontaneous contractions even in the absence of neural or hormonal stimulation. This intrinsic property is known as myogenic activity.Lack of Striations: Smooth muscle cells do not have the distinct striated appearance seen in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Instead, they have a spindle-shaped morphology with a single nucleus.Control Mechanisms: Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by calcium ions (Ca2+). The intracellular concentration of calcium ions determines the level of contraction. Calcium can enter the smooth muscle cell from extracellular sources or be released from intracellular stores.Varied Locations: Smooth muscle is found in various organs throughout the body, including the walls of blood vessels, the digestive tract, the respiratory system, the reproductive system, and the urinary system.Response to Hormones: Hormones such as adrenaline (epinephrine), acetylcholine, and oxytocin can modulate smooth muscle contraction. These hormones can either stimulate or inhibit smooth muscle activity depending on the specific circumstances.It's important to note that smooth muscle contraction can vary in response to specific physiological conditions and the location within the body.
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Hardwired characteristics of the brain that attempt to keep us in balance by correcting deficiencies are referred to as:
Answers
Hardwired characteristics of the brain that attempt to keep us in balance by correcting deficiencies are referred to as homeostatic mechanisms.
Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.
In the context of the brain, homeostatic mechanisms involve various processes that regulate physiological functions and maintain optimal levels of essential substances.
These mechanisms can include feedback loops that detect imbalances and initiate corrective actions.
For example, if there is a deficiency in a particular nutrient or hormone, the brain may activate mechanisms to increase its production, decrease its consumption, or enhance its absorption from the environment.
Homeostatic mechanisms play a crucial role in ensuring the body's overall stability and functioning, helping to maintain proper levels of various substances and promoting overall well-being.
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When was ancestry dna born
Answers
Researchers were analyzing cellular respiration in humans. They labeled the carbon atoms (C) in glucose with a tag that allowed them to follow where carbons went. They then made some cupcakes using the glucose that contained the labeled carbon atoms. They asked human test subjects to eat those cupcakes and attempted to follow where the labeled carbon atoms went. If the researchers were able to collect samples from the human test subjects, where would they find those labeled carbons at the END of the citric acid cycle? Select only ONE answer choice. A) They would find those labeled carbon atoms in newly produced G3P molecules B) They would find those carbon atoms in molecules of FADH2 C) They would find those carbon atoms in CO2 molecules D) They would find those carbon atoms in molecules of pyruvate E) They would find those carbon atoms in molecules of ATP
Answers
The correct answer is C) They would find those carbon atoms in CO₂ molecules.
In the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, glucose is broken down to produce energy in the form of ATP and electrons carried by NADH and FADH₂ . The cycle begins with the conversion of glucose to pyruvate during glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
However, the citric acid cycle takes place in the mitochondria and starts with the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA. During the cycle, acetyl CoA enters the cycle and combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which undergoes a series of reactions resulting in the regeneration of oxaloacetate.
The labeled carbon atoms from the glucose would enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl CoA and be incorporated into the carbon skeleton of citrate. Throughout the cycle, the carbons from the glucose are gradually released as carbon dioxide (CO₂) molecules, resulting in the production of NADH and FADH₂.
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Complete Question
Researchers were analyzing cellular respiration in humans. They labeled the carbon atoms (C) in glucose with a tag that allowed them to follow where carbons went. They then made some cupcakes using the glucose that contained the labeled carbon atoms. They asked human test subjects to eat those cupcakes and attempted to follow where the labeled carbon atoms went. If the researchers were able to collect samples from the human test subjects, where would they find those labeled carbons at the END of the citric acid cycle?
A) They would find those labeled carbon atoms in newly produced G₃P molecules.
B) They would find those carbon atoms in molecules of FADH₂.
C) They would find those carbon atoms in CO₂ molecules.
D) They would find those carbon atoms in molecules of pyruvate.
E) They would find those carbon atoms in molecules of ATP.
Rn 2Po+a The nuclear equation shows the transmutation of a form of radon into polonium and an alpha particle. In one to two sentences, explain whether or not the reaction is balanced.
Answers
The transformation of a type of radon into polonium and an alpha particle is represented by the atomic equation "2Po + α → Rn,"
As a result of the unequal number of polonium atoms on the left (2Po) and right (Rn) sides of the equation, the equation is unbalanced. In a balanced equation, the total number of atoms of each element must be the same on both sides. By changing this equation to 2Po + α → 1Rn + α" it can be verified that both sides have the same number of polonium atoms (2Po) and alpha particles (α).
We maintain the basic laws of nuclear interactions by balancing the equation to ensure that equal numbers of each type of atom are present before and after the reaction.
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where in the bone are red blood cells made?
periosteum
compact bone
spongy bone
joint capsule
Answers
Answer:
red blood cells or formed in the red bone marrow of bones
Is anyone good at biology ? Urgent help needed, thanks !!!!
Answers
Answer:
sir
Explanation:
i cant see th picture sir
Which is all of the organisms found on earth and all of the areas in which they live
A. Ecosystem
B. Biome
C. Species
D. Biosphere
Answers
Answer
ecosystem
Explanation:
because a biome is s a collection of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in. They can be found over a range of continents. Biomes are distinct biological communities that have formed in response to a shared physical climate.
Answer:
Biosphere
Explanation:
I took the test and got it right. Hope this helps!
Rewrite this sentence to make it true:
Physical changes happen when the molecules and atoms in matter change.
Answers
Answer:
Chemical changes happen when the molecules and atoms in matter change
Explanation:
Chemical changes occur when molecules or atoms' bonds are broken or formed
The image, in which A represents a gene, shows a harmless mutation that has occurred in a species' genome. Which is the most
plausible way that this mutation may eventually benefit the species?
A)
Multiple copies of genes increase gene expression and protein synthesis,
improving fitness
B) One copy of the gene may mutate further and begin to function differently
from the original.
C) Individuals with different copy numbers of the gene will not be able to
mate, resulting in speciation.
D) Individuals with the mutation are not able to produce offspring and will be removed from the gene pool.
Answers
Answer:B
Explanation: I took this test
One copy of the gene may mutate further and begin to function differently from the original is the most plausible way that this mutation may eventually benefit the species.
What is Mutation?A mutation is a change to an organism's Genetic sequence. Errors in DNA replication during cell division, exposure to mutagens, or viral infection can all cause mutations.
Somatic mutations (which happen in body cells) cannot be passed on to offspring, whereas germline mutations (which happen in eggs and sperm) can.
Our cells constantly undergo mutations, yet surprisingly few of these have an adverse impact on our health. A mutation is never so advantageous in real life.
Therefore, One copy of the gene may mutate further and begin to function differently from the original is the most plausible way that this mutation may eventually benefit the species.
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what molecular mechanism/feature does site-directed mutagenesis exploit to introduce a mutation at a specific site? nucleotide substitution when one is depleted flanking complementary bound nucleotides permit non-complementary base pairing transposase-induced base pair changes methylated nucleotides disrupt dna polymerase's proofreading
Answers
A molecular mechanism/facilities site-directed mutagenesis exploits to introduce mutations at a specific site when a nucleotide substitution is reduced. Here option A is the correct answer.
Site-directed mutagenesis typically involves the use of synthetic DNA oligonucleotides that are complementary to the target DNA sequence, except for the nucleotide(s) that are to be mutated.
The molecular mechanism exploited by site-directed mutagenesis is nucleotide substitution, where the synthetic oligonucleotide contains a single or a few nucleotide mismatches compared to the target DNA sequence.
This results in the incorporation of a mutated nucleotide at the corresponding site during DNA replication or repair. Flanking complementary bound nucleotides is important for proper base pairing and extension by DNA polymerase, but they do not permit non-complementary base pairing.
Transposase-induced base pair changes and methylated nucleotides disrupting DNA polymerase's proofreading ability are not typically used in site-directed mutagenesis.
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Complete question:
Which of the following molecular mechanisms/features does site-directed mutagenesis exploit to introduce a mutation at a specific site?
A. Nucleotide substitution when one is depleted.
B. Flanking complementary bound nucleotides permit non-complementary base pairing.
C. Transposase-induced base pair changes.
D. Methylated nucleotides disrupt DNA polymerase's proofreading.
In the Table of Elements, which SUBATOMIC particle of an Atom affects the arrangement of elements? *
Science
Answers
Answer:
A typical atom consists of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons (as seen in the helium atom below). Other particles exist as well, such as alpha and beta particles (which are discussed below). The Bohr model shows the three basic subatomic particles in a simple manner. Most of an atom's mass is in the nucleus—a small, dense area at the center of every atom, composed of nucleons. Nucleons include protons and neutrons. All the positive charge of an atom is contained in the nucleus, and originates from the protons. Neutrons are neutrally-charged. Electrons, which are negatively-charged, are located outside of the nucleus.
who good at physiology
Answers
Answer:
not me sorry for wasting your time
Explanation:
SORRY
cubic has been applied to whole-brain imaging of immediate early gene expression induced by optogenetics platform and small molecules
Answers
Cubic has been applied to whole-brain imaging of immediate early gene expression induced by optogenetics platform and small molecules. This implies that researchers have utilized the Cubic technique to study the activation of immediate early genes (IEGs) in response to optogenetics and small molecule stimulation.
Cubic, also known as Clear Unobstructed Brain Imaging Cocktails and Computational analysis, is a technique used for whole-brain imaging of gene expression and neural activity. It is a tissue clearing method that enables researchers to make biological samples transparent, allowing for the visualization of structures deep within the brain.
Optogenetics is a method that involves genetically modifying neurons to express light-sensitive proteins, allowing researchers to control their activity using light. By combining optogenetics with the Cubic technique, researchers can investigate how specific neural circuits are activated and regulated in response to light stimulation.
Additionally, small molecules can be used to manipulate cellular processes or signaling pathways within the brain. By applying small molecules in conjunction with the Cubic technique, researchers can assess their effects on gene expression patterns and neural activity throughout the entire brain.
Overall, the application of Cubic for whole-brain imaging of immediate early gene expression induced by optogenetics and small molecules provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of neural circuits and the molecular responses triggered by specific stimuli.
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Which vertebrae would you expect to have the largest body, relative to the other regions?.
Answers
Answer:
the lumbar vertebrae have the largest bodies
Explanation:
is the most direct sense with neural information sent directly to the brain without any intermediate nerves.
O a. Smell
O b. Taste
O c. Touch
O d. KinesthesesMoyt na
Answers
Answer:
Its A.Smell
Explanation:
The sense of smell; has the most direct route to the brain.
A plant contains the alleles Gg for green pod color. It is crossed with a plant that has the alleles gg for yellow pod color. The offspring have green pods. What is the allele combination?
Answers
Answer:
Gg
Explanation:
Answer:
Gg
Explanation:
This is one of the phases of Mitosis.
P 7
Vuv
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What is happening to the chromosomes?
Answers
Answer:
Anaphase
Explanation:
The chromosomes are separates in preparation for cell division. This happens during anaphase.
A couple, both carriers of cystic fibrosis (CF) alleles, can decrease their odds of having a child with CF by performing an in vitro fertilization procedure and screening the embryo for the CF alleles. This process is called
Answers
The procedure can decrease the odds of having a child with CF by performing an in vitro fertilization procedure and screening the embryo for the CF alleles is referred to as preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
What diseases can be detected by preimplantation genetic diagnosis?Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is the testing of embryos or oocytes at the pre-implantation stage for genetic defects.
It can be used to diagnose cystic fibrosis, Tay-Sachs disease, Hemophilia, etc.
Thus, the procedure can decrease the odds of having a child with CF by performing an in vitro fertilization procedure and screening the embryo for the CF alleles is referred to as preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
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how will a population change if there are unlimited resources, abundant space, and the population is protected from predators and disease?
Answers
What is a group of organs that work together to accomplish a task? (two words)
Answers
Answer:
Organ System
Explanation:
The group of organs that work together to accomplish a task is called the organ system.
Answer:
An Organ System
Explanation:
Organ systems are important for maintaining the overall health and functioning of the body.
Some examples of Organ Systems include:
1) The circulatory system is made up of the heart, blood, and blood vessels (veins and arteries). In charge of the circulation of oxygen and nutrients, as well as the elimination of waste products.
2) The digestive system, which includes the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, pancreas, and rectum, is in charge of breaking down food and absorbing nutrients.
3) Consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, the nervous system is in charge of directing and coordinating body operations.
Each organ system relies on the other to function properly, and any disruption in one system can affect the functioning of others. Thus, the proper functioning of each organ system is crucial for wellbeing.
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name grains containing male cell?
Answers
Answer:
literally any grain that is pollinator friendly has male and female cells
plants that produce nuts are the biggest example
3. Match the organ system to its function.
✓ 1. Breaks down food taken in through the mouth and extracts nutrients.
T
Y
2. Circulates blood through the body by using veins and arteries.
3. Responsible for respiration by the use of the lungs.
4. Removes waste products from the body via the kidneys.
5. Master controller of the body's function. Made of the brain, spinal cord and nerves.
a. Respiratory System
b. Circulatory System
c. Urinary System
d. Digestive System
e. Nervous System
Answers
Answer:
Breaks down food... = D
Circulates... = B
Responsible for.. = A
Removes waste... = C
Master... = E
Explanation:
Pick one (1) level and cite one (1) example of that biodiversity. Discuss briefly why is that considered genetic, ecosystem, or specie biodiversity.
Answers
One level of biodiversity is species diversity. Species diversity is the variety of species present in an ecosystem. One example of species diversity is the Australian flora and fauna.
A species is defined as a group of individuals who are capable of interbreeding to produce viable offspring, which are themselves capable of reproducing.
Species diversity is considered a type of biodiversity because it provides insight into the number and types of organisms that inhabit an ecosystem. Species diversity can be considered as the foundation for all other forms of biodiversity.
One example of species diversity is the Australian flora and fauna. Australia is home to over 150 species of marsupials, including kangaroos, wallabies, and koalas, as well as a large number of unique bird species.
It is considered species biodiversity because it includes the variety of different species present in the Australian ecosystem.
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as a venous pathway moves closer to the heart, the veins
Answers
When veins approach the heart, they enlarge more and more. The inferior vena cava carries blood from the belly and legs into the heart, whereas the superior vena cava is the major vein that transports blood from the head and arms to the heart.
Compared to arteries, which are located deep within your muscles, veins are closer to the skin's surface. Vein walls are thinner than artery walls. Blood is transported by veins from your organs to your heart. Blood is transported from your heart through arteries.
The heart is connected to veins and arteries on both sides. Blood is transported to and from the heart via arteries and veins, respectively. the movement of blood through the heart's chambers and arteries.
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A pachyderm dangled over the protein web of a arachnid and as he saw that it resisted they went to call another pachyderm. What diameter should the spider web have to support the weight of n elephants? Hint: Young's modulus for a cloth of spider is about 0.2x10^10 Pa and the web breaks when It is subjected to a deformation of 5%. compare this result with a steel cable of 20x10^10Pa and that breaks when deformed to 0.05%. (Note: the thickness of a silk thread of spider is 1 micron)
Answers
The diameter of the spider web needed to support the weight of 4 elephants would be approximately 263.26 meters, considering the tensile strength and deformation limits of spider silk.
To calculate the diameter of the spider web required to support the weight of 4 elephants, we need to consider the tensile strength and deformation limits of the spider silk.
Let's start with the weight of the elephants. You mentioned that each elephant weighs 300 pounds. To convert this to kilograms, we divide by the conversion factor of 2.2046:
Weight of 1 elephant = 300 pounds / 2.2046
= 136.08 kg
Now, let's calculate the total weight of 4 elephants:
Total weight = 4 elephants × 136.08 kg/elephant
= 544.32 kg
To calculate the required diameter, we need to consider the weight of the elephants and the tensile strength of the spider silk. We can use the formula for stress:
Stress = Force / Area
The force is equal to the weight of the elephants, and the area is the cross-sectional area of the spider web.
The deformation of the spider web can be calculated using Hooke's Law:
Deformation = (Stress / Young's modulus) × Length
We know that the deformation limit is 5% of the length, so we can set up the equation:
0.05 × Length = (Stress / Young's modulus) × Length
Simplifying and rearranging:
Stress = 0.05 × Young's modulus
Now we can substitute the formula for stress into the earlier equation:
(Weight of elephants) / (Area) = 0.05 × Young's modulus
Rearranging to solve for the area:
Area = (Weight of elephants) / (0.05 × Young's modulus)
Finally, we can calculate the diameter using the formula for the area of a circle:
Area = \(\pi * (diameter/2)^2\)
Rearranging to solve for the diameter:
diameter = \(\sqrt{((4 * Area) / \pi )\)
Let's plug in the values and calculate the diameter:
Weight of elephants = 544.32 kg
Young's modulus of spider silk = 0.2 × \(10^{10\) Pa
π = 3.14159
Area = (544.32 kg) / (0.05 × 0.2 × \(10^{10\) Pa)
= 544.32 kg / (0.01 × \(10^{10\) Pa)
= 544.32 / 0.01 \(m^2\)
= 54432 \(m^2\)
diameter = \(\sqrt{((4 * 54432 m^2) / \pi)\)
= \(\sqrt{(217728 m^2 / 3.14159)\)
= \(\sqrt{(69297.89 m^2)\)
= 263.26 m
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The correct question is:
A pachyderm dangled over the protein web of an arachnid and as he saw that it resisted they went to call another pachyderm. What diameter should the spider web have to support the weight of 4 elephants?
[Hint: Young's modulus for a cloth of spider is about 0.2 × \(10^{10\) Pa and the web breaks when It is subjected to a deformation of 5%. compare this result with a steel cable of 20 × \(10^{10\) Pa and that breaks when deformed to 0.05%. (Note: the thickness of a silk thread of spider is 1 micron and the weight of elephant 300 pounds)]
Compare the three types of specialized cells that you
viewed through the microscope to the generalized cell that you built in Part 1. List which
organelles each specialized cell might need in greater numbers than the generalized
cell. Offer a reason for each answer.
Answers
The three categories of specialized cells are as follows:
a nerve cell
reproductive cellular
muscular cells
Cells that are specialized are those that make up the body's organ systems.
The organism's other cells and these cells are interdependent on one another.
What are the three functions of the three instances of specialized cells?The body is made up of specialized cells that each play a specific job in maintaining health. Examples include red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body, muscle cells, which contract and relax, and nerve cells, which transmit signals throughout the body.
Give me two examples of specialized cells, and define them.Cells that are specialized in a certain structure or set of bodily tasks. Specialized cells can be found in many different forms, such as: Blood.
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The heterokaryotic phase of a fungal life cycle is
A) a stage in which the hyphae contain only one type of haploid nucleus.
B) a stage in which hyphae contain two, genetically different, diploid nuclei.
C) a stage in which hyphae contain two, genetically different, haploid nuclei.
D) a triploid stage formed by the fusion of a diploid nucleus with the haploid nucleus of a
compatible hypha.
Answers
The heterokaryotic phase of a fungal life cycle is a stage in which hyphae contain two genetically different haploid nuclei.
Option C is correct. The heterokaryotic phase refers to a stage in the fungal life cycle where hyphae contain two genetically different haploid nuclei. Heterokaryosis is a characteristic feature of many fungi and plays a crucial role in their reproductive cycle and genetic diversity.
Fungi have a unique mode of sexual reproduction called plasmogamy, where two compatible hyphae fuse. During this process, the cytoplasm of two different mating types (represented by different haploid nuclei) merges, forming a heterokaryon. This heterokaryotic mycelium contains hyphae with genetically distinct haploid nuclei from the two parental strains.
The presence of genetically different haploid nuclei within the hyphae allows for genetic recombination and variation. In the subsequent stages of the fungal life cycle, such as karyogamy (fusion of nuclei) and meiosis, the heterokaryotic phase gives rise to the formation of new spores with different genetic combinations, promoting genetic diversity and adaptation to changing environments.
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