What types of cell allows animals to quickly respond to the environment?

Answer:

Hormones are the body's chemical messengers. They carry information and instructions from one set of cells to another. The endocrine system influences almost every cell, organ, and function in the body.

Answer:

an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae).

Explanation:

Answer:The plasma membrane

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have a plasma membrane, a double layer of lipids that separates the cell interior from the outside environment. This double layer consists largely of specialized lipids called phospholipids.

A phospholipid is made up of a hydrophilic, water-loving, phosphate head, along with two hydrophobic, water-fearing, fatty acid tails. Phospholipids spontaneously arrange themselves in a double-layered structure with their hydrophobic tails pointing inward and their hydrophilic heads facing outward. This energetically favorable two-layer structure, called a phospholipid bilayer, is found in many biological membranes. [Close-up of a phospholipid]

As shown below, proteins are also an important component of the plasma membrane. Some of them pass all the way through the membrane, serving as channels or signal receptors, while others are just attached at the edge. Different types of lipids, such as cholesterol, may also be found in the cell membrane and affect its fluidity.

An image of plasma membrane shows the phospholipid bilayer, embedded proteins, and cholesterol molecules. The membrane separates the extracellular space, outside of the cell, from the cytosol inside the cell.

An image of plasma membrane shows the phospholipid bilayer, embedded proteins, and cholesterol molecules. The membrane separates the extracellular space, outside of the cell, from the cytosol inside the cell.

Image credit: modified from OpenStax Biology

The plasma membrane is the border between the interior and exterior of a cell. As such, it controls passage of various molecules—including sugars, amino acids, ions, and water—into and out of the cell. How easily these molecules can cross the membrane depends on their size and polarity. Some small, nonpolar molecules, such as oxygen, can pass directly through the phospholipid portion of the membrane. Larger and more polar, hydrophilic, molecules, such as amino acids, must instead cross the membrane by way of protein channels, a process that is often regulated by the cell. You can learn more about cellular transport in the membranes and transport section.

The surface area of the plasma membrane limits the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment. Some cells are specialized in the exchange of wastes or nutrients and have modifications to increase the area of the plasma membrane. For instance, the membranes of some nutrient-absorbing cells are folded into fingerlike projections called microvilli, singular, microvillus. Cells with microvilli cover the inside surface of the small intestine, the organ that absorbs nutrients from digested food. The microvilli help intestinal cells maximize their absorption of nutrients from food by increasing plasma membrane surface area. [Microvilli and celiac disease]

Diagram and micrograph of intestinal cells, showing the protruding "fingers" of plasma membrane—called microvilli—that contact the fluid inside the small intestine.

Diagram and micrograph of intestinal cells, showing the protruding "fingers" of plasma membrane—called microvilli—that contact the fluid inside the small intestine.

Image credit: OpenStax Biology. Micrograph is a modification of work by Louisa Howard.

The cytoplasm

The part of the cell referred to as cytoplasm is slightly different in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus, the cytoplasm is everything between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope. In prokaryotes, which lack a nucleus, cytoplasm simply means everything found inside the plasma membrane.

One major component of the cytoplasm in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the gel-like cytosol, a water-based solution that contains ions, small molecules, and macromolecules. In eukaryotes, the cytoplasm also includes membrane-bound organelles, which are suspended in the cytosol. The cytoskeleton, a network of fibers that supports the cell and gives it shape, is also part of the cytoplasm and helps to organize cellular components.

Even though the cytosol is mostly water, it has a semi-solid, Jello-like consistency because of the many proteins suspended in it. The cytosol contains a rich broth of macromolecules and smaller organic molecules, including glucose and other simple sugars, polysaccharides, amino acids, nucleic acids, and fatty acids. Ions of sodium, potassium, calcium, and other elements are also found in the cytosol. Many metabolic reactions, including protein synthesis, take place in this part of the cell.

Explanation:

Some researchers use fMRI technology to study activity in the brain. The underlying activity detected by fMRI is by measuring the changes occurring in both oxygen amount present in the blood as well as the blood flow amount.

fMRI technology helps to detect the activity of the brain by measuring the changes occurring in both the amount of oxygen present in the blood as well as the amount of blood flow. This measurement is termed as the activity depending on the blood-oxygen level or called BOLD activity.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging or fMRI measures the activity of the brain by detecting various changes associated with the flow of blood. This technique will be relying on the fact of coupled activity of cerebral blood flow as well as neuronal activation. When an area of the brain is used up, there will be an increase in blood flow to that region.

The primary fMRI form uses contrast which is blood-oxygen-level dependent. This is a specialized brain type and a body scan that is used to map the activity of neurons in the brain or the spinal cord present in humans or in other animals by imaging the hemodynamic response which is related to the use of energy by the brain cells.

fMRI has come to dominate the mapping research of the brain as it does not involve injection uses, surgery, the ingestion of substances, and ionizing radiation exposure. This measure is usually corrupted by noise which is from various sources most frequently. Hence, the underlying signals are extracted by statistical procedures.

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From human serum, monoclonal antibodies are produced. the animal serum. B cells from humans in culture. hybridomas. animal and human serum.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are specific to antigens are created using hybridoma technology. Additionally, these cell lines have a lengthy shelf life after being cryopreserved. With the use of hybridoma technology, several monoclonal antibodies with varied specificities for various antigens have been created.

Although many different animals have been utilized to make polyclonal antibodies against antigens, it is still difficult to make monoclonal antibodies that are specific to an antigen from animals.

Blincyto, which is used to treat various forms of leukemia, is one example of blinatumomab. Blinatumomab has a component that binds to leukemia and lymphoma cells' CD19 protein. Another component adheres to CD3, a protein present on T cells, which are immunological cells.

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Answer:

b

Explanation:

DID IT

Mercury is used in thermometers to estimate temperatures. Liquid mercury composed of Hg atoms is a pure substance that consists of single elements. Thus, option B is correct.

Pure substances are chemicals that are matter and have been known to have distinct chemical properties because of their constant and definite composition. The physical methods of separation can not be used to separate the pure substances.

The liquid mercury is a pure substance as it has been composed of only one type of elemental atom Hg. All of its composition has been carrying the Hg atoms uniformly that possess and exhibit the same chemical and physical characteristics.

Therefore, option B. the liquid mercury is a pure substance as it is made of the same type of element.

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Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:

solid will change to liquid and then gas

Explanation:

melting, evaporation

Answer:

A taxonomic rank used to classify organisms that is typically lower than the class and consists of families with comparable natures or characteristics.

OAmalOHopeO

The following is a density-dependent limiting factor: the disease that is in Option a. The disease is a density-dependent factor that is dependent on the density of the population.

There are two types of factors that regulate the population: density-dependent factors and density-independent factors. The density-dependent factors include disease, a shortage of food, etc., and all these negatively affect the density of the population, while the density-independent factors are the heat wave, fire, and drought, which do not depend upon the population density.

Hence, the following is a density-dependent limiting factor: the disease that is in Option a.

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Answer: The Spine

Explanation:

The kidneys are situated immediately inferior and deep to the ribs body part. That is option C.

The kidney is defined as the major organ of the urinary system of the body which is located retroperitoneal region of the abdomen (that is , behind the peritoneum).

The kidneys are situated below the diaphragm, one on either side of the spine. They are just below the rib cage.

Therefore, the rib cage can be said to be superior to the kidney organs in the abdomen.

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Answer: mass and speed

Explanation:

kenetic energy is energy when moving

I examine all the coding sequences in Diceros bicornis (Black rhinoceros) and identify each codon that translates into threonine with the following results: 25% ACA, 25% ACC, 25% ACT, 25% ACG. This results supports the conclusion that there is no codon usage bias.

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Answer:

Not clear picture!!!!!!!!

Answer:

The functions of nucleic acids have to do with the storage and expression of genetic information.

Explanation:

The triplet of bases in a template strand of DNA is 5' GAT 3'. The corresponding codon for mRNA would be 5' CUA 3'.

This is because during transcription, the DNA template strand is used as a guide to form the mRNA and the mRNA codon is formed in the opposite direction, the 5' to 3' direction. In the process, each DNA base is complementary to its mRNA counterpart and is transcribed as such.

The G in the 5' GAT 3' DNA strand is complementary to the C in the corresponding 5' CUA 3' mRNA codon, the A is complementary to the U, and the T is complementary to the A. Thus, the mRNA codon is formed in the opposite direction from the DNA template strand, with the complementary base pairs in the same order, to form the 5' CUA 3' codon.

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The amount of water in the column that lacks sufficient light for supporting plant life varies.

The extent of water in a column that lacks adequate light to sustain plant life can vary depending on several factors. Light is an essential component for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy. Without sufficient light, plants are unable to produce food, leading to their inability to survive.

The depth of the column, presence of obstacles or shading structures, and the transparency of the water itself all influence the amount of light penetrating the water column.

In deeper columns or areas with significant shading, less light reaches the lower layers, resulting in reduced plant life. This means that a considerable portion of the water in these regions may not receive enough light to support plant growth.

Additionally, if the water is murky or contains suspended particles, it further reduces light penetration and limits the potential for plant life.

To understand the exact amount of water in the column that lacks sufficient light, a detailed analysis of the specific conditions, light availability, and depth of the water column is required.

Factors such as seasonal variations, geographical location, and surrounding structures or vegetation can also influence light availability and, consequently, impact the amount of water not receiving enough light for plant survival.

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Answer:

Some major technologies that are most commonly being utilized by farms include harvest automation, autonomous tractors, seeding and weeding, and drones. Farm automation technology addresses major issues like a rising global population, farm labor shortages, and changing consumer preferences.

Explanation:

The illustration shows four organisms, namely a bird, a rabbit, a human, and a dog. The question is asking about the analysis of DNA from these organisms and what it would indicate. The correct answer to the question is that option d. "they all have the same number of chromosomes."

DNA is the genetic material that contains all the genetic information of an organism. Chromosomes are structures made up of DNA that carry this genetic information.In general, the number of chromosomes varies between different species.

For example, a human has 46 chromosomes while a dog has 78 chromosomes. A bird has 40 chromosomes while a rabbit has 44 chromosomes. Therefore, an analysis of DNA from these organisms would show that they do not have the same number of chromosomes.

The number of chromosomes also varies within a species. For example, a human can have a chromosomal abnormality such as Down syndrome, where they have an extra copy of chromosome 21. This means they have 47 chromosomes instead of the normal 46.

Similarly, a dog can have a chromosomal abnormality such as Turner syndrome, where they only have one X chromosome instead of the usual two. This means they have 39 chromosomes instead of the normal 78. Therefore, an analysis of DNA can also reveal any chromosomal abnormalities in an organism.

In conclusion, an analysis of DNA from the four organisms shown in the illustration would reveal that they do not have the same number of chromosomes. The number of chromosomes varies between different species and can also vary within a species due to chromosomal abnormalities.

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An analysis of DNA from these organisms would indicate that their nucleotide sequences show many similarities.

An analysis of DNA from these organisms would indicate that their nucleotide sequences show many similarities.

DNA analysis involves examining the nucleotide sequences of organisms. By comparing the nucleotide sequences of different organisms, scientists can determine the similarities and differences between their DNA. In the given illustration, the organisms are represented by different shapes, suggesting that they belong to different species. However, despite their different appearances, the analysis of their DNA would reveal that their nucleotide sequences show many similarities.

This indicates that these organisms share a common genetic heritage and are likely related to each other. The similarities in their DNA sequences could be due to common ancestry or shared genetic traits. It is important to note that while their DNA sequences show many similarities, they are not identical. Each organism has its own unique DNA sequence, but there are enough similarities to indicate a close relationship.

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Answer:

It will continue to rise.

Explanation:

Genetic variation results in the changes in trait over the period of time. Hence, traits do change over the years, but it is a gradual process. The population will become more stable due to successful traits.

Genetic variation refers to the changes in the genotype of an individual. It imparts stability to the population. Genetic variation results from meiotic cell division where recombination of gene produces genetic exchange of heredity material.

Those traits which are successful in nature that means those variations which provide stability to the organism in any environment are favoured. Organisms with such variations adapt, survive and further reproduce to continue their existence. Such traits are transmitted to the progeny as well.

Thus, gradual accumulation of changes in traits contribute to a more stable population over the span of years.

Therefore, changes in traits are important in determining the track of evolution on earth.

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Answer: The pathway of air in the respiratory system starts with the external organs of the nose and mouth. Nose: Air is inhaled through the nostrils (and sometimes through the mouth) where it is filtered by the hairs and cilia to remove dust particles and moistened. The nasal cavity also moderates the temperature of the inhaled air.

Explanation:

The primary function of an enzyme or any biological catalyst is to regulate biochemical reactions.

An enzyme is a biological catalyst that regulates the rate at which a biochemical reaction occurs in the cell.

Enzymes function similarly to catalysts and they possess the following characteristics:

Therefore, the primary function of an enzyme or any biological catalyst is to regulate biochemical reactions.

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Answer:

I'm pretty sure it was a Goldfish

Explanation:

Cell division processes, such as mitosis and meiosis, play crucial roles in growth, reproduction, and genetic diversity. Here's an explanation of their importance in each of these areas:

Growth: Cell division is essential for the growth and development of organisms. Through mitosis, cells replicate their DNA and divide into two identical daughter cells. This allows an organism to increase the number of cells, leading to overall growth in size and the development of new tissues and organs. Without cell division, organisms would not be able to grow and reach their full potential.

Reproduction: Cell division is fundamental for reproduction in both unicellular and multicellular organisms. In unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and protists, cell division (usually through binary fission) is the primary means of reproduction. It enables the parent cell to divide into two genetically identical daughter cells, resulting in the production of new individuals.

In multicellular organisms, cell division plays a vital role in sexual reproduction. Through meiosis, specialized cells called gametes (sperm and egg cells) are produced. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, ensuring that when two gametes fuse during fertilization, the resulting offspring have the correct number of chromosomes. This process contributes to genetic diversity by shuffling and recombining genetic material from both parents, leading to unique combinations of genes in the offspring.

Genetic Diversity: Cell division processes contribute significantly to genetic diversity. During meiosis, genetic material from both parents is shuffled and recombined through a process called genetic recombination or crossing over. This exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes leads to the creation of new combinations of alleles. It promotes genetic diversity within a population and allows for the potential emergence of advantageous traits that can contribute to adaptation and survival.

Furthermore, mutations, which are alterations in the DNA sequence, can occur spontaneously or due to external factors during cell division. These mutations can introduce new genetic variations, leading to further genetic diversity within a population.

In summary, cell division processes are vital for growth, reproduction, and genetic diversity. They enable organisms to grow and develop, produce offspring, and generate genetic variation essential for adaptation and evolution.

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Typical substances found in plant tissues include silica, cellulose, tannins, and hemicellulose. Animals cannot digest silica, hence it does not affect their capacity to digest plant tissues. However, other chemicals may have an impact on digestion.

The most prevalent carbohydrate in nature, cellulose is a structural element of plant cell walls. Although cellulose cannot be broken down by animals' digestive system microorganisms due to a lack of the essential enzymes, this allows for the release of nutrients from plant tissues.

Tannins, on the other hand, are substances that can attach to digestive system enzymes and proteins, making them less available for digestion. This may result in less efficient nutrient absorption as well as decreased digestibility of plant tissues.

Similar to cellulose, hemicellulose is a component of plant cell walls and is not digested by animals. However, digestive tract microorganisms have the ability to break it down, further releasing nutrients from plant tissues.

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Answer:

(a) Ecosystem, community, population, individual

is right answer I think