What is the circumference of the following circle?

What Is The Circumference Of The Following Circle?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

2 or 8

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer 2

Circumference is pi times the diameter. The diameter here is 4, so the circumference is 4pi, or 4π, or about 12.5663706144.

The circumference is the distance around the circle.

The circumference is 4pi, or 4π, or about 12.5663706144.


Related Questions

express as a trinomial (2x+9)(3x-5)

Answers

Answer:

-270

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

\(6x^2+17x-45\)

Step-by-step explanation:

Our equation is

\(\left(2x+9\right)\left(3x-5\right)\)

Simplify

\(6x^2-10x+27x-45\)

Combine like terms

\(6x^2+17x-45\)

Brainliest please

HELP ME
I WILL GIVE YOU BRAINLIEST

HELP ME I WILL GIVE YOU BRAINLIEST

Answers

Answer: The mass of the remaining element = 1.1 grams .

Step-by-step explanation:

Exponential equation of decay: \(y=A(1-r)^x\) ...(i), where A = intial value , r= rate of decay in decimal , x= time.

As per given :

Initial mass : A= 140 grams

Rate of decay : r= 21.6% per minute= 0.216 per minute.

x= 20  minutes

Substitute values in (i) , we get

\(y=140(1-0.216)^20\\\\=140(0.784)^2^0=1.077579422\)

Hence, the mass of the remaining element = 1.1 grams .

What is the distance between (5, –1) and (5, –4)?

Answers

Answer:

3

I hope this helps!

Answer:

3

Step-by-step explanation:

Malian bought a laptop with a 10% discount. She also bought a mouse for 13.99 and spent 621.49 before tax. Write an equation to find the original cost of the laptop.

Answers

Answer:

(621.49 x  0.1) + 13.99 = x

Step-by-step explanation:

I hope this helps

(1 point) If a weight hanging on a string of length 2 feet swings through 5 on either side of the vertical, how long is the arc through which the weight moves from one high point to the next high poin

Answers

The length of the arc through which the weight moves from one high point to the next high point is π/180 ft.

Arc Length Formula:θ = ∅r/L Where, θ = Central angle in radians r = Radius of the circle L = Length of the arc∅ = central angle in degrees. formula. Now, we will use the above formula to find the arc length through which the weight moves from one high point to the next high point. Thus,θ = 5° + 5° = 10°r = 2 ft. Let us first convert the angle to radians:1 radian = 180/π degrees10° = 10/180 π radians = π/18 radiansθ = ∅r/L ⇒ L = ∅r/θ. Substituting the given values, we get: L = π/18 × 2 / 10°L = π/180 ft

Thus, the length of the arc through which the weight moves from one high point to the next high point is π/180 ft.

To learn more about the length of the arc: https://brainly.com/question/2005046

#SPJ11

Annie earns $320 for 8 hours of work. At that rate, how long would she have to
work to earn $1,120?

Answers

Answer:

28 hrs

Step-by-step explanation:

in 8 hrs she earns $320,

so in 1 hr she earns $320/8=$40

no. of hrs she takes to earn $1120 is,

=1120/40= 28 hrs

Annie would need to work 28 hours to earn $1,120 at the same rate.

To determine how long Annie would have to work to earn $1,120 at the same rate, we can set up a proportion based on the given information.

Let's define:

x = the number of hours Annie needs to work to earn $1,120.

According to the information given, Annie earns $320 for 8 hours of work. This can be expressed as the rate: $320/8 hours.

We can set up the proportion as follows:

320/8 = 1120/x

To solve this proportion, we can cross-multiply and then solve for x:

320x = 8 * 1120

320x = 8960

Dividing both sides of the equation by 320:

x = 8960/320

x = 28

Therefore, Annie would need to work 28 hours to earn $1,120 at the same rate.

To know more about earn here

https://brainly.com/question/30157678

#SPJ2

the length of the diagonal of a square is 12 cm what is the length of which side

Answers

The answer is 8.49 cm
8.49 thats the answer

Which line has a greatest initial value but smaller rate of change line m?

Which line has a greatest initial value but smaller rate of change line m?

Answers

Answer:

  y = x + 3

Step-by-step explanation:

The initial value is the y-intercept, the y-value where the line crosses the y-axis. For line m, it is 1. So, you need an equation for a line that has a constant greater than 1. This eliminates the first and third choices.

The rate of change is the slope, the x-coefficient. For line m, the rise/run is 2/1 = 2. So, you need an equation for a line that has an x-coefficient less than 2. This eliminates the fourth choice.

The only viable choice is the second one:

  y = x + 3

Y = X + 3

     (B)                                            

       :) hope this helps

Question 7. Convert the following CFG into CNF. ABAB B& B⇒ 00 | E

Answers

The resulting Chomsky Normal Form (CNF) is A⇒ BC.

To convert the given Context-Free Grammar (CFG) into Chomsky Normal Form (CNF), we need to follow a few steps:

Step 1: Eliminate ε-productions (productions that produce the empty string):

The CFG contains the production B ⇒ ε. To eliminate this, we create new productions for every occurrence of B and remove B ⇒ ε. The modified CFG becomes:

ABAB B B⇒ 00 | A | AB | BA | BB

Step 2: Eliminate unit productions (productions of the form A ⇒ B):

The CFG contains the production B ⇒ B. To eliminate this, we substitute every occurrence of B with its productions. The modified CFG becomes:

ABAB 00 | A | AB | BA | BB⇒ 00 | A | AB | BA | 00 | A | AB | BA | BB

Step 3: Convert long productions (productions with more than two non-terminals) into multiple productions:

The CFG contains the production ABAB. To convert this, we introduce a new non-terminal symbol and split the production into multiple productions. The modified CFG becomes:

S⇒ AB

AB⇒ AB | AA | BA | 00 | A

A⇒ 0

B⇒ 0

Step 4: Convert terminals into separate productions:

The CFG contains the production B ⇒ 0. To convert this, we introduce a new non-terminal symbol and split the production into two productions. The modified CFG becomes:

S⇒ AB

AB⇒ AB | AA | BA | CC | A

A⇒ 0

B⇒ CC

C⇒ 0

Now, the CFG is in Chomsky Normal Form (CNF), where every production is either of the form A⇒ BC or A⇒ a, where A, B, and C are non-terminals, and a is a terminal. The resulting CFG is:

S⇒ AB

AB⇒ AB | AA | BA | CC | A

A⇒ 0

B⇒ CC

C⇒ 0

Note: In the given CFG, the symbol "&" and the arrow "⇒" are not standard symbols used in CFG notation. I assumed "&" represents concatenation, and "⇒" represents a production rule.

CFG stands for Context-Free Grammar. It is a formal grammar that describes the syntax or structure of a formal language. A CFG consists of a set of production rules that specify how to generate valid strings in the language.

Chomsky Normal Form (CNF) is a specific form of Context-Free Grammar that has certain restrictions on its production rules. In CNF, each production rule is in one of the following two forms:

A⇒ BC: This form represents a rule where a non-terminal A can be replaced by two non-terminals B and C.

A⇒ a: This form represents a rule where a non-terminal A can be replaced by a single terminal a.

Converting a CFG into CNF is useful for various purposes, such as parsing algorithms and formal language analysis, as the restrictions of CNF simplify the grammar and allow for more efficient processing.

To know more about CFG refer here:

https://brainly.com/question/31428276

#SPJ11

Which ordered pair is the solution for the system? 2x − 3y = −19 4x + 5y = 17

Answers

Answer:

(−2,5)

Step-by-step explanation:

If you want to find x and y in this system of equations:

2x − 3y = −19

4x + 5y = 17

You can use elimination to get rid of one variable. Here's how:

First, double the first equation so that x has the same coefficient in both equations.

4x − 6y = −38

4x + 5y = 17

Then, subtract the first equation from the second equation to cancel out x and get a new equation with only y .

(4x + 5y) − (4x − 6y) = 17 − (−38)

11y = 55

Next, divide both sides by 11 to find the value of y .

y = 5

Now, plug in y = 5 into any of the original equations and solve for x .

2x − 3(5) = −19

2x = −4

x = −2

Finally, check that (−2,5) is the correct solution by substituting x = −2 and y = 5 into both original equations.

2(−2) − 3(5) = −19

−19 = −19

4(−2) + 5(5) = 17

17 = 17

So, the answer is (−2,5).

To find the solution for this system of equations, we can use either substitution or elimination method.

1. Multiply the first equation by 5 and the second equation by 3 to eliminate y:

  10x - 15y = -95

  12x + 15y = 51

2. Add the two equations to eliminate y:

  22x = -44

3. Divide both sides by 22 to solve for x:

  x = -2

4. Substitute x = -2 into one of the equations to solve for y. Let's use the first equation:

  2(-2) - 3y = -19

  -4 - 3y = -19

  -3y = -15

  y = 5

Therefore, the ordered pair (-2, 5) is the solution for the system of equations 2x − 3y = −19 and 4x + 5y = 17.

COUNT,CALCULATE AND COMPARE
*TH GRADE
Week of November 15, 2021
Monday
Phil and Matt made cookies for a fundraiser at their high school. The cookies sold for $0.25 each.
Phil and Matt made a total of $72.00 selling the cookies. How many cookies did they sell? Show
your work

Answers

Answer:

288

Step-by-step explanation:

amount of money made divided by the price of each cookie

72/0.25=288

Please help ASAP please give answers to both questions:)

Please help ASAP please give answers to both questions:)

Answers

Answer:

the first question the answer is: Answer. A + 2A + 3A = 180 degrees ( total for all 3 angles in any triangle). This one is a right triangle since one of the angles is 90 degrees. did that make any sense? lol

the 2nd question the answer is i believe D. but i am not sure

hope this helped :)

Answer:

1. A

2. B

Step-by-step explanation:

Check the attachment

Hope it helps :)

Please help ASAP please give answers to both questions:)

If J is between H and K and HJ = 4x+9, JK = 3x+3 and KH = 33. What is the value of HJ?​

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

Assuming KH is a straight line with K and H being the beginning and the end of the line. If J is between H and K, it means that J is a point on line HK. Therefore, we can say that

HJ + JK= KH

If HJ = 4x + 9, JK = 3x + 3 and KH = 33, it means that

4x + 9 + 3x + 3 = 33

4x + 3x = 33 - (9 + 3)

7x = 21

Dividing both sides of the equation by 7, it becomes

x = 21/7 = 3

Therefore, HJ = 4 × 3 + 9 = 21

A squirrel can run a short distance at a rate of 4 3/4 miles in 15 minutes. A fox can run a short distance at a rate of 21 miles in half an hour. Which is faster, How much faster in miles per hour? Please give a step by step explanation​

Answers

Answer:

The fox; 23 miles per hour

Step-by-step explanation:

The speed of fax is 42 miles/hour and the speed of fax is 19 miles/hour. So, fax is faster and 23 miles per hour fax is faster than squirrel.

What is the speed?

The speed formula can be defined as the rate at which an object covers some distance. Speed can be measured as the distance travelled by a body in a given period of time.

Given that, a squirrel can run a short distance at a rate of \(4\frac{3}{4}\) =19/4 miles in 15 minutes.

We know that, Speed =Distance/Time

= 19/4 ÷15/60

= 19/4 × 60/15

= 19/4 × 4/1

= 19 miles per hour

So, speed of squirrel is 19 miles per hour

Speed of fax =21÷30/60

= 21×2

= 42 miles per hour

So, speed of fox is 42 miles per hour

Difference in speed =42-19

= 23 miles per hour

Hence, fax is faster and 23 miles per hour fax is faster than squirrel.

To learn more about the speed, distance, and time visit:

brainly.com/question/4978052.

#SPJ2

(3c) to the power of 0/ (c to the power of -3 d to the power of 5) whole square

Answers

Using exponents, the given expression is equal to 1 / (c ^ (-3d) ^ 5) ².

Given expression is as follows: (3c )^ 0 / (c ^ (-3d) ^ 5) ²

We know that anything to the power 0 is 1 So, we get:

(3c)0/(c^(-3d)^5)²= 1/(c^(-3d)^5)²

.In other words, the expression can be written as

(1/c-3d5) * (1/c-3d5) = (1/c² - 6d5/c³ + 9d²25/c4).

This is because when we multiply 1/c^(-3d)^5 with 1/c^-3d^5, we will get

(1/c² - 6d5/c³ + 9d²25/c4) by using the formula

(a+b)² = a² + b² + 2ab.

Therefore, the answer is 1/(c^(-3d)^5)².

Learn more about exponents visit:

brainly.com/question/5497425

#SPJ11

Lef f{(-1,2), (0,3),(1,5),(-1,3)} and g={(-2,1),(0,3),(1,5),(-1,3),(3,0)} find 2f + 4g and 2g/h

Answers

The value of the functions 2f + 4g is {(-2,4), (0,6), (2,10), (-2,6), (-8,4), (4,20), (-4,12), (12,0)} and the value of 2g/h is (1,2.5)

In particular, a function maps each element of a set (called the domain) to a unique element of another set (called the range). In this context, we'll look at two functions, f and g, and explore how we can perform arithmetic operations with them.

We can think of these pairs as points on a Cartesian plane, where the x-coordinate represents the input and the y-coordinate represents the output.

Now, let's move on to the arithmetic operations with functions. The first operation we're asked to perform is 2f + 4g. To do this, we need to apply the following steps:

Multiply each ordered pair in f by 2, and multiply each ordered pair in g by 4. This means that the inputs stay the same, but the outputs are multiplied by their respective constants.

Simplify the resulting set by removing any duplicate ordered pairs.

Let's work through this process step by step for our given functions:

Multiplying f by 2 gives us: {(-2,4), (0,6), (2,10), (-2,6)}

Multiplying g by 4 gives us: {(-8,4), (0,12), (4,20), (-4,12), (12,0)}

Taking the union of these sets gives us: {(-2,4), (0,6), (2,10), (-2,6), (-8,4), (4,20), (-4,12), (12,0)}

Simplifying this set by removing duplicates gives us: {(-2,4), (0,6), (2,10), (-2,6), (-8,4), (4,20), (-4,12), (12,0)}

So, 2f + 4g is the function represented by the set {(-2,4), (0,6), (2,10), (-2,6), (-8,4), (4,20), (-4,12), (12,0)}.

For the ordered pair (1,5) in g, the corresponding ordered pair in h is (5,4). So, we can compute 2g(1)/h(5) as follows:

2g(1) = 2 * 5 = 10

h(5) = 4

2g(1)/h(5) = 10/4 = 2.5

Therefore, the ordered pair (1,2.5) is in the result set.

To know more about function here

https://brainly.com/question/28193995

#SPJ4

Martha, Alison, and Scott buy 3.8 pounds of clay. Martha used of the clay for a sculpture. Scott used of the the remaining amount of clay to make a mug, and Alison used 1.2 pounds of clay to make a bowl. How many pounds of clay are they left with? A. 3.29 B. 0.51 C. 0.13 D. 3.67

Answers

The amount of pounds of clay left is given by the equation A = 0.51 pounds

What is an Equation?

Equations are mathematical statements with two algebraic expressions flanking the equals (=) sign on either side.

It demonstrates the equality of the relationship between the expressions printed on the left and right sides.

Coefficients, variables, operators, constants, terms, expressions, and the equal to sign are some of the components of an equation. The "=" sign and terms on both sides must always be present when writing an equation.

Given data ,

Let the equation be represented as A

Now , the value of A is

Substituting the values in the equation , we get

The total amount of pounds of clay = 3.8 pounds

Now , the amount of clay used by Martha = ( 1/4 ) of the total

So , the amount of clay used by Martha = ( 1/4 ) x 3.8 = 0.95 pounds

And , the remaining amount of clay = 3.8 - 0.95 = 2.85 pounds

Now , the amount of clay used by Scott = ( 2/5 ) of the remaining

So , the amount of clay used by Scott = ( 2/5 ) x 2.85 = 1.14 pounds

And , the remaining amount of clay = 2.85 - 1.14 = 1.71 pounds

On simplifying the equation , we get

Now , the amount of clay used by Alison = 1.2 pounds

So , the remaining amount of clay = 1.71 - 1.2 = 0.51 pounds

Hence , the remaining amount of clay = 0.51 pounds

To learn more about equations click :

https://brainly.com/question/19297665

#SPJ1

Help please giving points to right answer JUST NEED THE NUMBER TO FILL IN BLANK !!

Help please giving points to right answer JUST NEED THE NUMBER TO FILL IN BLANK !!

Answers

Answer:

We have the proportion: 8/10 = 100/y

We can solve for y by cross-multiplying.

That is, 8y = 100 * 10 Simplifying the right-hand side, 8y = 1000

Dividing both sides by 8 to solve for y, y = 125

Hence, the value of y is 125.

Finally, we have the expression: y = √80We can simplify this expression by factoring 80 into its prime factors:80 = 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 5

Taking the square root of 2 * 2 * 2 * 2, we have:√(2 * 2 * 2 * 2) = 2 * 2 = 4

Therefore, y = 4√5The value of y is 4√5.

Step-by-step explanation:

Hope this helps!! Have a good day/night!!

34.75


Write the expanded form.

Answers

Answer:

30 + 4 + .7 + .05

Step-by-step explanation:

You have to write them like that just like if you were to do 245 in expanded form it would be 200 + 40 + 5! Hope this helps!

PLEASE WORD ANSWER I CAN USE FAST

PLEASE WORD ANSWER I CAN USE FAST

Answers

The area of the garden is given as follows:

A = 20.6925 ft².

How to obtain the area of the garden?

The garden has a rectangular format, hence it's area is given by the multiplication of it's length l by it's width w, as follows:

A = lw.

From the image, converting the mixed numbers to decimal, the dimensions of the garden are given as follows:

l = 7.75 feet.w = 2.67 feet.

Hence the area in feet squared is given by the multiplication of these two dimensions, as follows:

A = 7.75 x 2.67

A = 20.6925 ft².

More can be learned about the area of a rectangle at https://brainly.com/question/25292087

#SPJ1

HELP GETS BRAINLIST! AND POINTS! (08.03 LC)
The two dot plots below compare the forearm lengths of two groups of schoolchildren:
Forearm Length, Group A
10
11 12 13
Length (inches)
Forearm Length, Group B
10 11 12 13
Length (inches)
Based on the visual inspection of the dot plots, which group appears to have the longer average forearm length?

HELP GETS BRAINLIST! AND POINTS! (08.03 LC)The two dot plots below compare the forearm lengths of two

Answers

Answer:

group A has longer average

Step-by-step explanation:

the average for group A : 11+11+12+12+12+12+13+13+13+13= 122/10=12.2

the average for group B : 10+10+10+10+10+11+11+12+12+12=108/10=10.8

Answer:

group A has longer average

Step-by-step explanation:

A gardener spread 3/10 of a bag of mulch evenly over each of her equal-sized vegetable beds. She used a total of 9/10 of a bag of mulch. How many vegetable beds does she have?

Answers

The gardener has 3 vegetable beds.

Let there be x number of vegetable beds. Then if 3/10 of a bag of mulch is spread evenly over each of her equal-sized vegetable beds, the total amount of mulch used is 3x/10. According to the question, the total amount of mulch used is 9/10 of a bag. Hence,

3x/10=9/10

⇒x=3

Read a similar question here:

You have a set of consecutive integers from (−5) to 5, inclusive. You multiply any three of the integers. What is the least positive integer you can get as the product?

You have a set of consecutive integers from (5) to 5, inclusive. You multiply any three of the integers.

Answers

The least positive integer we can get as the product is 2.

What is the least positive integer you can get?

Here we have the following set of numbers:

{-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

And we want to take the product between 3 of them and find the least positive integer that we can get as the product.

So it makes sence to choose the smallest absolute value numbers (not zero) such that one is positive and two are negative (we want two negative ones so the signs cancell eachother)

Then we will get:

1*(-1)*(-2) = 2

That is the least positive integer we can get as the product.

Learn more about products at:

https://brainly.com/question/794810

#SPJ1

Mason's mother wants to make 8 curtains that each require 2 1/5 metres of material in a standard width, but she only has 16-metres of material. There are to be no seams in her curtains. She asks Mason to buy more material.
a. How much more material must Mason buy?
B. How much material is left over?

Answers

Answer:mason must need 33.6 m of materail to make  8 curtains.

so he need to 17.6m of material

Step-by-step explanation:

Mason's mother wants to make 8 curtains that each require 2 1/5 metres of material in a standard width,

multiple choice question pls help mee

multiple choice question pls help mee

Answers

Answer:

The answer is D

Step-by-step explanation:

Multiply 24 km by 3.14 (π) and round to the nearest tenth like in the instructions.

Evaluate the expression. 7⋅4+6−12÷4

Answers

Answer:

31

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer: 31

Step-by-step explanation:

1. Multiply 28+6-12/4

2. Divide 28+6-3

3. Add 34-3

4. Subtract 31

Solve the equation 23(9+x)=−5(4−x).

Answers

Answer:

x= \(-\frac{277}{18}\)

Step-by-step explanation:

sophie is a bargain shopper. she collects coupons, then every saturday she plans her route to take advantage of as many sales as possible. sophie is a(n)

Answers

Based on the information we can infer that Sophie is a Savvy Shopper.

That she is a Savvy Shopper?

A "savvy shopper" is an informal term used to refer to a person who is an expert in finding and taking advantage of the best deals and promotions when shopping. Another outstanding characteristic of these people is that they plan their purchases in advance and take advantage of promotions and discounts.

According to the above, we can infer that if Sophie is a bargain shopper who collects coupons and plans her route to take advantage of sales. She is a savvy shopper.

Learn more about customers in: https://brainly.com/question/13472502

#SPJ1

Which expression represents the phrase?
"8 reduced by the sum of x and y."

Answers

8 - (x + y)
Reduced (-)

Point S is the midpoint of AK. AS = 5x - 3, and AK = 9x + 9. What is the length of AS?

Answers

AS=0.5AK
5x-3=0.5(9x+9)
5x-4.5x=4.5+3
0.5x=7.5
x=15
AS=5(15)-3=72

Hope this can help.
Other Questions
which function matches the graph (absolute value) Determine whether the triangle are similar by AA, SSS, SAS or not similar. If the triangles are similar, write a valid similarity statement.The options for the similarity statement are, PRT, PTR, RPT, RTP, TPR, TRP or NOT SIMILAR The world economy can achieve a more efficient allocation of resources and a higher level of material well-being with ______ trade based on ______ advantage. (Show full work please) Carter spots an airplane on radar that is currently approaching in a straight line, andthat will fly directly overhead. The plane maintains a constant altitude of 7250 feet.Carter initially measures an angle of elevation of 16 to the plane at point A. At somelater time, he measures an angle of elevation of 26 to the plane at point B. Find thedistance the plane traveled from point A to point B. Round your answer to thenearest foot if necessary I need help with science I will give brainlist thingy if you answer this right (Right or close enough) If you just answer this for the points I will report you. Here is a picture of these questions. Thank you :) You have been asked to build a computer from scratch. Before you begin, you need to know for what the computer will primarily be used. The computers use will have a significant impact on your choice of which two primary components of the motherboard and why? i missed class yesterday. we have an assignment to do. i dont understand and need help. Subtract 7 from each side.Divide each side by 3.Add 7 to each side.Multiply each side by 3. i need help in this Q before 10 min A stack of 1000 sticky notes is in the shape of a square prism. The prism has a volume of 13.5 in3 each sticky note measure 3 in by 3 in what is the height of the stack of sticky notes. Where in the world, other than Newfoundland, isstandard time on the half-hour rather than the hour?Why might that country prefer not to be on the hour?If you could explain why that would be helpful The coefficient part of a numberwritten in scientific notation isbetween which numbers?A. 1 and 10B. -1 and -10C. Both A and B what age group has difficulty judging speed and distance which places them at risk for pedestrian and bicycle accidents and boys are 2x as likely to sustain a nonfatal bicycle injury? How do human sperm move to find the egg? With flagella made of microtubules With flagella made of actin with cilia made of actin with contractile vacuoles with cilia made of microtubules two errors that can be made by the jury are (1) letting a truly guilty person go free and (2) letting a truly innocent person go to jail. which is a type i error? which is a type ii error? justify your answers by applying the error definitions The formula for propane is c3h8 what would you need to know to answer how much energy is required to combust propane vs gasoline A WMS is a very effective tool as it not only keeps track of your assets, but also helps you improve warehouse ________.a. Productivityb. Timelinessc. Space utilizationd. Materials flowsall The value of y varies directly with x. If x = 4, then y = 32. What is the value of x when y = 128? ion know this shi........ the c0v1d pandemic and the black plague were similar in thata. they both originated in chinab. they were both spread by fleasc. they both caused schools in the US to shut downd. both had survival rates less than 50%