what is electrolysis and how does it work??
simple explanation pls :)
Answers
Electrolysis is a chemical process that uses an electric current to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction. It involves the use of an electrolytic cell, which consists of two electrodes (an anode and a cathode) immersed in an electrolyte solution. The electrolyte is typically a liquid or a molten compound that can conduct electricity.
During electrolysis, when an electric current is applied, positive ions migrate towards the cathode (negative electrode) while negative ions migrate towards the anode (positive electrode). This movement of ions is driven by the attraction and repulsion of the opposite charges.
At the cathode, reduction reactions occur. Positively charged ions gain electrons from the cathode and are reduced, forming neutral atoms or molecules. This electrode is where the desired product is often obtained.
At the anode, oxidation reactions take place. Negatively charged ions lose electrons to the anode and are oxidized, forming neutral atoms or molecules. This electrode is typically where any byproducts or waste products are formed.
The overall process of electrolysis involves the conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy. The electric current provides the energy necessary to drive the non-spontaneous reactions and facilitate the separation of compounds into their constituent elements or ions.
Electrolysis has various practical applications, such as electroplating, metal refining, production of chemical compounds, and water splitting to generate hydrogen and oxygen gases. It plays a crucial role in industries, laboratories, and even in everyday life, where it enables processes like electrochemical machining and rechargeable batteries.
In summary, electrolysis is a process that uses an electric current to drive chemical reactions by the migration of ions towards the electrodes. It allows for the separation of compounds into their components and the production of desired products through reduction and oxidation reactions.\(\huge{\mathcal{\colorbox{black}{\textcolor{lime}{\textsf{I hope this helps !}}}}}\)
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Related Questions
There are four cis,trans isomers for 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol, where the cis,trans designations of the substituents are made relative to the oh group:
up, up, up (cis,cis)
up, up, down (cis,trans)
up, down, down (trans,cis)
up, down, up (trans,trans)
consider the most stable chair for each of these isomers, and then draw the most stable and least stable isomer based on a comparison of the best chair for each one.
Answers
The image is attached with the answer.
What are Isomers ?
Isomers are compounds which have same empirical formula , same number of atoms are present but they have difference in arrangement if the atoms.
It is given that
There are four cis, trans isomers for 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol
the cis, trans designations of the substituents are made relative to the oh group
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Suppose that you are the quality engineer in a company that manufactures a certain chemical product. This product is obtained from the chemical reaction of two components under a high temperature environment, and the level of contaminant of the resulting product is the main parameter subjected to quality control. After a thorough statistical analysis on the data collected from this process, you found that the process variability follows the normal distribution, in which the average contaminant level in the product, , in parts per million (ppm) is a function of other variables of the process given by the following equation:
student submitted image, transcription available belowstudent submitted image, transcription available belowin which P1 is the average purity index of the component 1, P2 is the average purity index of the component 2, and T is the temperature at which the chemical reaction is processed in °C. For the standard deviation of the contaminant level in the product, c, also in parts per million, you found the following equation:
c = 1500P1 2 + 1700P2 2 + 2000P1P2T
in which P1 is the standard deviation of the purity index of the component 1, P2 is the standard deviation of the purity index of the component 2, and T is the standard deviation of the chemical reaction temperature. Currently, the product is being processed with components 1 and 2 having average purity levels of 0.80 and 0.85, respectively. To sustain the chemical reaction, the average temperature of the process must be set to a minimum value of 120°C. Additionally, the standard deviation for the purity index of both components is 0.1, and the standard deviation of the temperature is 0.5°C. In one week, you will have a meeting with a new costumer, who is interested on your product but not sure about its quality standards.
a) If your new customer has established a target value for the contaminant level in the product of 380 ppm, is the current process accurate enough to meet this target value? If not, propose two modifications in the process to meet the target value. Justify your proposals based on numbers. Take into consideration that the maximum purity index possible for the components is 1, and that the maximum reaction temperature allowable is 250°C for safety reasons.
b) Your customer also has a strict requirement that 99% of the products should have a contaminant level between 350 and 410 ppm. Is the current process capable (or precise enough) to meet this requirement? If not, propose two additional modifications in the process to meet the customer requirements. Justify your proposals based on numbers.
Answers
The current process is not accurate enough to meet the target contaminant level of 380 ppm. Two modifications can be proposed to improve the process.
Firstly, increasing the average purity index of component 1 (P1) to 0.85 will reduce the contaminant level. Secondly, reducing the average temperature (T) to the minimum value of 120°C will also decrease the contaminant level. These modifications can be justified based on the given equations for the contaminant level and standard deviation.
In the equation for the contaminant level, a higher P1 value will result in a lower contaminant level. By increasing P1 from 0.80 to 0.85, the contaminant level will decrease. Similarly, by reducing the average temperature from its current value, the contaminant level can be further reduced.
To meet the customer's requirement of 99% of the products having a contaminant level between 350 and 410 ppm, additional modifications are needed. Firstly, decreasing the standard deviation of the purity index for both components (P1 and P2) will reduce the process variability and bring the contaminant levels closer to the target range.
Secondly, reducing the standard deviation of the temperature (T) will also help in reducing the variability of the contaminant levels. These modifications will improve the precision of the process and increase the likelihood of meeting the customer's requirement.
In conclusion, the current process is not accurate enough to meet the target contaminant level and the precision requirement of the customer. Modifying the average purity index of component 1, average temperature, and the standard deviations of purity indices and temperature can improve both accuracy and precision.
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The total number of calcium atoms in the expression 3 cos 2 shown in the equation 3 CaCl 2 +2Na 3 PO 4 Ca(PO 4 ) 2 +6 NaCl is:
Answers
Answer:
\(C\)Explanation:
Here, we want to calculate the percentage composition of the compound formed when oxygen reacts with iron
We have the equation of reaction as follows:
\(4Fe_{(s)}\text{ + }3O_{2(g)}\text{ }\rightarrow\text{ }2Fe_2O_{3(s)}\)The compound formed is Fe2O3
Now, let us get its percentage composition
The molar mass of the compound is 160 g/mol
The atomic mass of iron is 56 amu
The atomic mass of oxygen is 16 amu
Now, let us get the percentage composition:
\(\begin{gathered} \text{Iron = }\frac{2\times56}{160}\text{ }\times\text{ 100 \% = }70\text{ \%} \\ \\ \text{Oxygen = }\frac{3\times16}{160}\text{ = 30\% } \end{gathered}\)The closest here is thus the option C
The carbon dioxide is released when limestone is heated during the
production of _____?
Answers
Carbon dioxide is released when limestone is heated during the production of \(\sf\purple{cement}\). ✔
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a second-order reaction has a rate constant k of 0.004501(m s). if the initial concentration is 1.50 m, what is the concentration after 2.00 minutes? your answer should have three significant figures (round your answer to three decimal places).
Answers
A second order reaction has a rate constant k of 0.004501 m/s. if the initial concentration is 1.50 m, the concentration after 2.00 minutes is 1.26 M
According to the rate law the rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactants each raised to a stoichiometric coefficient determined experimentally called as order.
Rate =K [A]ˣ →eqn(1)
where K is the rate constant
"x" is the order, which is 2
given data,
k= 0.004501 (m/s)
initial concentration, [A] = 1.50 M
time take, t= 2 minutes=120 seconds
putting these values, we get
Rate = 0.004501 ms⁻¹/[1.50 ]² = 0.002 m/s
Also rate is the change in concentration of reactants or products in a given time.
rate = -d[A]/dt → eqn(2)
Equating (1) and (2)
rate = -d[A]/dt = -(A₂- A₁)/dt = k[A]
⇒0.002 m/s = -(A₂-1.50 )/ 120 s
⇒0.002 m/s × 120 s= -A₂ + 1.50 M
⇒ 0.24 = -A₂ + 1.50 M
⇒ A₂= 1.50- 0.24
⇒ A₂= 1.26M
Therefore, the concentration after 2 minutes is 1.26M
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Calculate the percent composition of carbon in C6H12O6 :A. 50%B. 40%C. 35,3%D. 22,1%
Answers
The percent composition of the carbon in the C₆H₁₂O₆ is 40 %.
The chemical compound is C₆H₁₂O₆.
The molar mass of the compound C₆H₁₂O₆ = 180 g/mol
The mass of the carbon = 12 g
The percent composition is as follows :
Percent composition of the carbon = ( mass of the carbon / total mass of the compound ) × 100 %
Percent composition of the carbon = ( 72 / 180 ) × 100 %
Percent composition of the carbon = 40 %
Thus the percentage composition if the carbon is 40 percent in the chemical compound C₆H₁₂O₆ that is glucose.
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Why hydrocarbons are regarded as parent organic compounds?
Answers
Answer:
hydrocarbons always consist hydrogen and carbon and the simplest organic compounds are also made up of hydrogen and carbon
Determine whether a shoe would be chiral or achiral.
A) chiral
B) achiral
C) cannot be determined
Answers
A shoe would be chiral as not superimposable on its mirror image. There is left and right side of the shoe. So, when placed in front of the mirror the left will look like the right shoe.
The Greek word cheir, which meaning hand, is where the word chiral comes from. If a molecule or ion cannot be superimposed on its mirror counterpart, it is said to be chiral.
A plane of symmetry or a center of symmetry are absent from chiral compounds. Two stereoisomers of chiral molecules—commonly referred to as enantiomers since they cannot be superimposed mirror images of one another—exist. Based on the absolute configuration, enantiomers are divided into "right-handed" and "left-handed" categories.
The opposite of chiral is achiral. If a molecule or ion may be superimposed on its mirror counterpart, it is said to be achiral. They either have a symmetry plane or a symmetry center.
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Convert:
129 cm^3 to liters
Answers
Answer:
[See Below]
Explanation:
\(Hey~There!\)
________________________
→ Conversion:
\(1 ~cm=1000~liters\)→ Write out an equation:
\(129*1000=129000\)________________________
→ So your answer would be:
\(129000~liters\)________________________
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why is air referred to as a mixture of gases
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
air is considered as a mixture of gases because it contains many gases. They are :
78 % Nitrogen
21 % oxygen
And 1 % other gases
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11) How many grams are in 2.3 moles of magnesium chloride, MgCl,?
Answers
Answer:
218.98 grams
Explanation:
Given that,
No. of moles, n = 2.3
The molar mass of magnesium chloride is 95.211 g/mol.
We need to find the mass of 2.3 moles of magnesium chloride.
We know that,
No. of moles = given mass/molar mass
Let m be the given mass. So,
\(m=n\times M\\\\=2.3\times 95.211 \\\\=218.98\ g\)
So, the required mass is equal to 218.98 grams.
what is/are the product(s) of photodissociation of molecular oxygen?
Answers
The product of photodissociation of molecular oxygen is two separate oxygen atoms. Photodissociation occurs when a molecule absorbs a photon of light with enough energy to break the chemical bond holding the atoms together.
In the case of oxygen, the bond between the two oxygen atoms is broken, resulting in two highly reactive oxygen atoms. These oxygen atoms can react with other molecules in the atmosphere, such as nitrogen, to form various oxides. This process plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry and can lead to the formation of ozone, which is both beneficial and harmful to life on Earth.
Photodissociation of molecular oxygen (O2) refers to the process where O2 molecules absorb energy from sunlight and break apart into individual oxygen atoms. The primary products of this process are two oxygen atoms (O), which can react with other molecules in the atmosphere. For example, these oxygen atoms can combine with other O2 molecules to form ozone (O3), an essential component of Earth's stratosphere. In summary, the products of photodissociation of molecular oxygen are individual oxygen atoms, which play a vital role in various atmospheric reactions and the formation of ozone.
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Classify each property as physical or chemical.
a) the explosiveness of hydrogen gas
b) the bronze color or copper
c) the shiny appearance of silver
d) the ability of dry ice to sublime (change from solid directly to vapor)
Answers
a) The explosiveness of hydrogen gas is a chemical property.
b) The bronze color of copper is a physical property.
c) The shiny appearance of silver is a physical property.
d) The ability of dry ice to sublime (change from solid directly to vapor) is a physical property.
Chemical properties are properties that describe the behavior of a substance during a chemical reaction or a chemical change. Explosiveness of hydrogen gas is an example of a chemical property because it describes how hydrogen gas reacts with oxygen to form water and how the reaction releases a large amount of energy in the form of an explosion.
Physical properties, on the other hand, are properties that describe the characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance. Examples of physical properties include the color, texture, and melting point of a substance. The bronze color of copper and the shiny appearance of silver are both examples of physical properties.
The ability of dry ice to sublime (change from solid directly to vapor) is also a physical property because it describes a physical change that occurs when dry ice is heated or exposed to high pressure.
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The diagram shows a chromatogram for a food colouring.
How does the chromatogram show that the food colouring is a mixture
Answers
As the chromatogram has two spots, therefore, the food coloring is a mixture.
What is a chromatogram?A chromatogram can be described as the output of a chromatography run. Thin-layer chromatography can be described as a chromatography technique utilized to separate non-volatile mixtures.
Thin-layer chromatography can be performed on a sheet of an inert substrate such as plastic, or aluminum foil, which is coated with a thin adsorbent material, usually silica gel, alumina, or cellulose. This layer of adsorbent is known as the stationary phase.
After the sample has been placed on the plate, a solvent mixture is drawn up the plate via capillary action. The goal of this chromatography is to obtain well-defined, well-separated spots.
Only one spot is obtained on the chromatogram if the compound is pure. If there are two or more spots it means the compound is impure or a mixture.
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Question 7 of 30
What is the cell potential of an electrochemical cell that has the half-reactions
shown below?
Ag* + e → Ag
Fe→ Fe³+ + 3e
Answers
The difference between the two half-reactions' standard reduction potentials is what determines the cell potential of an electrochemical cell. The first half-reaction's standard reduction potential is 0.799V, and the second half-reaction's standard reduction potential is -0.771V.
The electrochemical cell's cell potential is therefore equal to the difference between these two readings, which is equal to 0.799V + (-0.771V) = 0.028V. The cell potential, which indicates the greatest amount of energy the cell is capable of producing, is a crucial electrochemical metric.
It is a gauge of the cell's potential energy and is determined by the difference between the standard reduction potentials of the two half-reactions. The more energy that can be created by cells depends on their cell potential.
The capacity of the cell to create energy increases with its potential. The electrochemical cell in the example can only generate a negligibly small quantity of energy, as indicated by its cell potential of 0.028V.
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An ion of which element is larger than its
atom?
Al
I
Са
Sr
Answers
Atoms exist neutral because they contain an equal number of protons (+) and electrons (-). An ion of which element is larger than its atom is Ca.
What is the difference between an atom and an ion?Atoms exist neutral because they contain an equal number of protons (+) and electrons (-).
Ions exist as charged particles which exists created when atoms either gain or lose electrons. When atoms gain or lose electrons they evolve more stable.
Because they have an equal number of protons and electrons, atoms are neutral particles. Ions are electrically charged particles that can be created by either taking electrons away from neutral atoms to form positive ions or adding electrons to neutral atoms to produce negative ions.
Therefore, the correct answer is option a) Ca.
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The mass of the sun is about 1.98 x 10^30 kilograms. The mass of the earth is 5.97x 10^24 kilograms. The mass of the sun is how many times greater than the mass of
the earth?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The mass of the sun is about 1.98 x 10^30 kilograms. The mass of the earth is 5.97x 10^24 kilograms.
1.98 x 10^30 / 5.97x 10^24 = 331658 times greater
Answer:
Explanation:
The mass of the sun / the mass of the earth
= 1.98 x 10^30 / 5.97x 10^24
= 3.32 x 10^5 times greater
What is the speed of an object that moves 100 meters in 5 seconds?
Answers
Answer:
speed= distance/time
= 100/5=20mph
What conversion factor is used to convert from moles of substance A to moles of substance B?
A.) molar mass; go to #7
B.) Avogadro's number; go to #1
C.) mole ratio; go to #6
D.) the mass of 1 mole; go to #4
Please help!! Been struggling
Answers
Mole ratio is the conversion factor used to convert from moles of substance A to moles of substance B (option C).
What is mole ratio?Mole ratio is a ratio of the number of moles of one substance to the number of moles of another substance in a balanced chemical equation.
It allows us to convert between moles of different substances involved in a chemical reaction. Molar mass (A), Avogadro's number (B), and the mass of 1 mole (D) can be used to convert between moles and other units, such as mass and number of particles.
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Which metal ion has a d5 electron configuration? A) Fe2+ C) Co3+ D) Fe3+ 2)
Answers
The metal ion with a d5 electron configuration is B) Mn2+.
The d-block elements in the periodic table have partially filled d-orbitals, which can accommodate up to 10 electrons. In a d5 electron configuration, there are five electrons occupying the d-orbitals.
Among the given options, Fe2+ has a d6 configuration, Co3+ has a d6 configuration, and Fe3+ has a d5 configuration but with one fewer electron. Therefore, the correct answer is Mn2+, which has a d5 electron configuration with five electrons occupying its d-orbitals. So B is correct option.
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Which metal ion has a d5 electron configuration? A) Fe2+ B) Mn2+ C) Co3+ D) Fe3+ 2)
what type of chemical bond forms between two atoms bearing opposite charges?
Answers
Ionic bonds are created when two oppositely charged ions are attracted to one another by electrostatic force. A chemical element is uniquely defined by its atoms, which are tiny pieces of substance.
An atom is made up of a core nucleus and one or more negatively charged electrons that orbit it. The positively charged, comparatively hefty protons and neutrons that make up the nucleus may be present. Any elementary particle of matter with at least one proton is referred to as an atom. Examples of atoms are neon (N) and hydrogen (H) (Ne). Chemistry's fundamental building component is an atom. It is the lowest fraction of substance into which electrically charged particles cannot be released. It is also the smallest piece of substance with chemical element-like characteristics.
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What is conditioned stimulus? (from Ivan Pavlov)
Answers
Answer:
A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that can eventually trigger a conditioned response. In the described experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the ringing of the bell, and the conditioned response was salivation. It is important to note that the neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus
Explanation:
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can you pls tell me advantages and disadvantages of chemistry in specific
Answers
Advantages
Chemistry helps you to understand the world around you.
Basic knowledge of chemistry helps you to read and understand product labels.
Chemistry can help you make informed decisions.
Chemistry is at the heart of cooking.
A command of chemistry can help keep you safe!
Disadvantages
It isn't a sustainable form of energy.
It can be expensive.
Some forms of chemical energy are quite rare.
It can produce harmful waste.
It can be used to create devastating weapons.
It offers short-term benefits for long-term consequences.
What is the name of a zinc and phosphorus mixture
Answers
how does an atom's electronegativity relate to its ability to become oxidized?
Answers
The ability of an atom to become oxidized is related to its electronegativity. A high electronegativity implies a greater ability to pull electrons away from other atoms, resulting in increased oxidation.
The oxidizing power of a given element or molecule is proportional to its electronegativity. The term electronegativity refers to an element's ability to attract electrons to itself. An atom with a greater electronegativity can pull electrons away from an atom with a lower electronegativity.
It can be said that the greater the electronegativity of an atom, the greater its ability to become oxidized. This is due to the fact that when a substance becomes oxidized, it loses electrons, which are negatively charged. If a substance has a high electronegativity, it has a strong tendency to pull electrons towards itself, making it more susceptible to losing them.
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Is nitrogen an element or compound?
Answers
Answer:
Nitrogen is an element that can combine with itself or with other elements to make different compounds. For instance nitrogen gas, N2, is a compound made when two nitrogen atoms form a chemical bond.
Explanation:
Answer:
element
Explanation:
it can combine with itself or with other elements to make compounds
what does the zebra mussel do to affect the ecosystem
Answers
Answer:
The explanation of the type of situation would be characterized below.
Explanation:
Zebra mussels, therefore, have a direct as well as indirect (significant) impact on natural ecosystems. The much more significant impact is on the feed intake interaction including its mussel. Zebra mussels seem to be opportunistic feeders that analyze approximately one gallon of liquid or more per mussel.A 2 kg bowling ball is rolled down the lane with 5 m/s? of acceleartion. What force was it rolled with?
Answers
2 x 5 = 10
10N (force is measured in newtons!)
Which of the following statements does not describe the structure of an atom? (3 points) a Inside the nucleus of an atom are protons and neutrons. b Protons are positively charged sub-atomic particles. c Electrons are negatively charged sub-atomic particles. d Most of the mass of an atom comes from the electron cloud.
Answers
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
The electron cloud has negligible mass. Most mass come from the nucleus.
A light with a frequency of 7.39 x 10 Hz has a wavelength in nm of what?
Answers
Explanation:
Wavelength = Speed of Light ÷ Frequency
= (2.99 × 10⁸ m/s) ÷ (7.39 × 10 /s)
= 4.046 × 10⁶ m
= 4.046 × 10¹⁵ nm