what is electrolysis​

Answer:

●3 refer to No. of molecule

There are 3 molecule of NH4

●4 refer to atom of hydrogen

since there are 3 molecules of NH4.Each molecule containing 4 H.Therefore there are 12 H atom in the compound

The stronger acid between NH₃ and PH₃ is PH₃.

In terms of acidity, NH₃ (ammonia) is a weaker acid than PH₃ (phosphine). This is because PH₃ has a stronger acid dissociation constant (Ka) compared to NH₃.

The acidity of a compound is determined by the ability of the molecule to donate a proton (H⁺ ion) to a base. When an acid donates a proton, it forms a conjugate base. The strength of an acid is determined by the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of the acid, which is expressed as the acid dissociation constant (Ka). The higher the value of Ka, the stronger the acid.

In the case of NH₃, it has a Ka value of 5.7 × 10⁻¹⁰, which means it is a weak acid. This is because the nitrogen atom in NH3 is highly electronegative and tends to hold onto the lone pair of electrons, making it less likely to donate a proton.

On the other hand, PH₃ has a Ka value of 4.5 × 10⁻⁹, which means it is a stronger acid compared to NH₃. This is because the phosphorus atom in PH₃ is less electronegative and has a larger atomic radius, making it easier to donate a proton.

In summary, PH₃ is a stronger acid than NH₃ due to its higher Ka value, which indicates that it is more likely to donate a proton to a base.

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The word Solubility means the number of grams of the solute dissolved in 100g of solvent to prepare a saturated solution at a particular temperature.

Here, are few general principles of Solubility mentioned below :

⇒ Polar substances are soluble in polar solvents. Ionic solids and polar covalent compounds are soluble in water, e.g,  KCL, \(Na_{2}CO_{3}\) , Sugar and alcohol are soluble in water.

⇒ Non Polar substances are soluble in water. Non Polar covalent compounds are not soluble in water such as ether, benzene and petrol are insoluble in water.  

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The salts ranked in order of decreasing pH are:

NH4Br > NaClO2 > KNO3

To rank the salts in order of decreasing pH, we need to consider the behavior of their respective cations and anions in water.

1. NH4Br: Ammonium ion (NH4+) is a weak acid, and bromide ion (Br-) is a neutral anion. When ammonium salts dissolve in water, they undergo hydrolysis to release H+ ions, resulting in an acidic solution. Therefore, NH4Br has the highest pH among the given salts.

2. NaClO2: Sodium ion (Na+) is a neutral cation, and chlorite ion (ClO2-) is a weak base. Chlorite ion can accept H+ ions from water, resulting in a slightly basic solution. However, since chlorite ion is a weak base, the pH of NaClO2 will be lower than that of NH4Br.

3. KNO3: Potassium ion (K+) is a neutral cation, and nitrate ion (NO3-) is a neutral anion. Neither of these ions significantly affects the pH of the solution when they dissolve in water. Therefore, KNO3 will have the lowest pH among the given salts.

In summary, the salts ranked in order of decreasing pH are:

NH4Br > NaClO2 > KNO3

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Answer:

Number 2 is Direction

Explanation:

The old answer for number four was incorrect

I apologize for the inconvenience but I do not have an answer that fits in the lines for number 4

When two items of different temperatures come into touch with one other, energy is transferred from the hotter (higher temperature) object to the colder (lower temperature) object until both objects reach the same temperature.

Conduction occurs when two materials or objects come into direct touch with one another. The warmer object's molecules vibrate quicker than the cooler object's. The molecules that vibrate faster clash with the molecules that vibrate slower. This causes the colder molecules to vibrate faster, warming the item.

This signifies that the substance's constituent material is a third component.

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The commercial preparation's enzyme concentration is 500 [E]T.

Let X represent the enzyme concentration in the prepared product.

Step 1: Initial dilution: A commercial product in the amount of 0.100 mL was diluted to a final volume of 25.0 mL. This final solution will be known as solution 1.

Utilizing the formula C1V1 (commercial preparation) = C2V2 (solution 1)

Alternatively, X 0.100 mL = C2 25.0 mL

Alternatively, C2 = (X x 0.100 mL) / (25.0 mL) = 0.004X

Consequently, solution 1's enzyme concentration is 0.004X.

Step 2: Second dilution: The substrate and solution 1 were combined in a volume of 1.0 mL.

As a result, the reaction mixture's total volume (dilution) is equal to 1.0 mL plus 1.0 mL.

Prepare a 0.5% solution (0.5 g in 100 ml) initially, then dilutions of 0.25, 0.1, 0.025, and 0.05% to respective concentrations of the half, one-fifth, one-twentieth, and one-tenth. For example, to ten times dilution and a concentration of 0.05%, add 9 ml water to 1 ml of the stock solution.

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Answer:

it is an endothermic reaction

Explanation:

This is because there is a rise in temperature from 20 to 46. this means that the reaction takes in heat from the suuroundings

1. a. 3

b. 2

2. a. 4

b. 6

3. a. 1

b. 2

4. a. 5

Answer:

False because pH value below 7 are considered acidic.

Answer:

Any solution that has a pH of less than 7 is considered acidic, and anything above a pH of 7 is basic .

Explanation:

All of the above types of molecular interactions can determine a molecule's melting range.

Hydrogen bonding is one of the strongest intermolecular forces, and is based on the electrostatic attraction between the partial positive charge of a hydrogen atom and the partial negative charge of an oxygen or nitrogen atom.

Dipole-dipole interactions are also electrostatic in nature, and are the attractive force between two molecules with opposite charges. Van der Waals interactions are weaker than hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions, but they are still important in determining the melting range of a molecule.

These interactions are based on the attraction between slightly positive and slightly negative regions of two different molecules. All of these interactions work together to determine the melting point of a molecule, as the stronger the intermolecular forces are, the higher the melting point will be.

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Answer:

4.5 L

Explanation:

From Charles law;

V1/T1 = V2/T2

Where;

V1= initial volume = 2.5 L

T1 = initial temperature = -23°C + 273 = 250 K

V2 = final volume = unknown

T2 = 177°C +273 = 450 K

Making V2 the subject of the formula

V2 = V1 T2/T1

V2 = 2.5 × 450/250

V2 = 4.5 L

Answer:

the nucleus of an atom consistens of protons and neutrons

The temperature (in degrees Celsius) of the gas at a volume of 4250 mL and a pressure of 1.25 atm is -63.8 °C

The temperature of the gas at a volume of 4250 mL and a pressure of 1.25 atm can be obtained by using the combined gas equation as illustrated below:

P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂

(1829 × 3.25) / 308 = (950 × 4.25) / T₂

Cross multiply

1829 × 3.25 × T₂ = 308 × 950 × 4.25

Divide both side by (1829 × 3.25)

T₂ = (308 × 950 × 4.25) / (1829 × 3.25)

T₂ = 209.2 K

Subtract 273 to obtain answer in °C

T₂ = 209.2 - 273 K

T₂ = -63.8 °C

Thus, we can conclude that the temperature is -63.8 °C

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The following compounds' SrF2 will have the highest percentage of ionic character in its bonds, according to trends in electronegativity in the periodic table.

Describe Electronegativity?

The propensity of the given element to draw the shared electron during the formation of a chemical bond is referred to as electronegativity. It depends on the atomic number of the target atom as well as how far away the shared electron is from the charged atom's nucleus.

Ionic character: An object's ionic character is determined by how much the electronegativity of two covalently connected atoms differs from one another.

The most ionic property of all is found in BaCl2.

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On the basis of the electronegativity trends in the periodic table, SrF2 of the following  given compounds should have the greatest % ionic character in its bonds.

While forming a chemical bond the tendency of the given element to attract the shared electron is known as electronegativity. It is affected by the atomic number of the given atom as well as the distance at which the shared electron resides from the charged nucleus of the atom.

The ionic nature is determined by how much the electronegativity of two covalently bound atoms differs from one another.

BaCl2 has the greatest of all ionic character.

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The molar concentration of a 12% sodium chloride solution is approximately 2.05 M.

To determine the molar concentration of a 12% sodium chloride solution, we need to convert the given percentage concentration into molarity.

First, we need to understand that the percentage concentration refers to the mass of the solute (sodium chloride) relative to the total mass of the solution.

In this case, a 12% sodium chloride solution means that there are 12 grams of sodium chloride in 100 grams of the solution.

To convert this into molar concentration, we need to consider the molar mass of sodium chloride, which is 58.5 g/mol.

We can start by calculating the number of moles of sodium chloride in 12 grams:

Moles of sodium chloride = mass of sodium chloride / molar mass of sodium chloride

Moles of sodium chloride = 12 g / 58.5 g/mol = 0.205 moles

Next, we calculate the volume of the solution in liters using the density of the solution. Since the density is not provided, we assume a density of 1 g/mL for simplicity:

Volume of solution = mass of solution / density

Volume of solution = 100 g / 1 g/mL = 100 mL = 0.1 L

Finally, we calculate the molar concentration (Molarity) by dividing the number of moles by the volume in liters:

Molar concentration = moles of solute / volume of solution

Molar concentration = 0.205 moles / 0.1 L = 2.05 M

Therefore, the molar concentration of a 12% sodium chloride solution is approximately 2.05 M.


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8.022 is the value of pOH of the HNO₃ solution.

pOH of the HNO₃ solution can be calculated as:

pOH = -log [OH⁻], where

[OH⁻] = concentration of hydroxyl ion = 9. 50 × 10⁻⁹ M

Putting this value in the above equation, we get

pOH = -log ( 9. 50 × 10⁻⁹)

pOH = - (- 8.022) = 8.022

Hence, pOH of the HNO₃ solution is 8.022.

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Answer:

i think right artrium but not full aure

If the equilibrium constant, Kc, for the following reaction is 1.89 × 10⁻⁶at 506 K, Kc for the reaction: NH3(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl(s)is 5.291 × 10⁵.

The given reaction is: NH4Cl(s) → NH3(g) + HCl(g)

To calculate Kc for the reaction: NH3(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl(s) we must reverse the given reaction. We must use the relationship: If aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD then Kc = [C]c[D]d/[A]a[B]b where [A], [B], [C], [D] are molar concentrations at equilibrium, while a, b, c, d are the coefficients of the balanced chemical equation. To reverse the given reaction, we must invert the value of the Kc. The equation is: NH4Cl(s) ⇌ NH3(g) + HCl(g)Kc = 1.89 × 10⁻⁶at 506 K

Now, we will invert this equation. Kc(NH3)(HCl) = 1/Kc(NH4Cl)

Now, substituting the values: Kc(NH3)(HCl) = 1/(1.89 × 10⁻⁶)Kc(NH3)(HCl) = 5.291 × 10⁵

Therefore, Kc for the reaction:NH3(g) + HCl(g) → NH4Cl(s)is 5.291 × 10⁵.

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All matter is made up of substances called elements, which have specific chemical and physical properties and cannot be broken down into other substances through ordinary chemical reactions. Gold, for instance, is an element, and so is carbon. There are 118 elements, but only 92 occur naturally.

Answer:

The formula H2CO3 is Carbonic acid.  It is a weak acid and it is exhaled in the gaseous state by the human lungs.

NaHCO3(s) + HC2H3O2(aq) → CO2(g) + H2O(l) + NaC2H3O2(aq)

This equation represents the reaction of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) with vinegar (acetic acid) to generate carbon dioxide gas, water, and sodium acetate.

The balanced equation for the reaction of NaHCO3(s) with HC2H3O2(aq) including phase symbols is

NaHCO3(s) + HC2H3O2(aq) → CO2(g) + H2O(l) + NaC2H3O2(aq)

Baking soda, also known as sodium bicarbonate, is a white, crystalline powder with the chemical formula NaHCO3. It is an alkaline substance that neutralizes acids.

Vinegar is mostly composed of acetic acid, HC2H3O2, which is a weak acid. Vinegar has a sour flavor and a strong smell due to the presence of acetic acid.

NaHCO3(s) + HC2H3O2(aq) → CO2(g) + H2O(l) + NaC2H3O2(aq)  This equation represents the reaction of baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) with vinegar (acetic acid) to generate carbon dioxide gas, water, and sodium acetate. When the baking soda and vinegar are combined, a chemical reaction occurs, causing carbon dioxide gas bubbles to form. This is due to the reaction between the acid and base in the mixture, which generates carbon dioxide gas as a byproduct. This reaction is commonly used in baking as a leavening agent to make cakes, muffins, and other baked goods rise.

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Answer:

oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.

Explanation:

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In the final state volume occupied by gas is 7.96 L

To solve this problem, we can use the combined gas law:

\((P1 * V1) / (T1) = (P2 * V2) / (T2)\)

where P1, V1, and T1 are the initial pressure, volume, and temperature, respectively, and P2, V2, and T2 are the final pressure, volume, and temperature, respectively.

First, we need to convert the initial and final temperatures to Kelvin:

\(T1 = 29.0\°C + 273.15 = 302.15 K\\T2 = 91.0\°C + 273.15 = 364.15 K\)

Now we can plug in the values:

\((3.17\ atm * 6.46 L) / (302.15 K) = (5.80\ atm * V2) / (364.15 K)\)

Solving for V2, we get:

\(V2 = (3.17 atm * 6.46 L * 364.15 K) / (5.80 atm * 302.15 K)\\V2 = 7.96 L\)

Therefore, the gas occupies a volume of 7.96 L in its final state.

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Answer:

The study of properties for all things living and non-living

The correct choice is A) −5Δ[Br−]/Δt. The rate expressed as Δ[Br2]/Δt is proportional to -5 times the rate of change of Br−.

In the given reaction 5Br−(aq) + BrO3−(aq) + 6H+(aq) → 3Br2(aq) + 3H2O(aq), the stoichiometric coefficients provide information about the relationship between the reactants and products. To determine the rate expressed as Δ[Br2]/Δt, we need to compare it with the rate of change of the other species.

Based on the balanced equation, for every 5 moles of Br− consumed, 3 moles of Br2 are produced. Therefore, the rate of change of Br−, Δ[Br−]/Δt, is related to the rate of change of Br2, Δ[Br2]/Δt, by a factor of -5/3.

The other choices, B) −0.6Δ[Br−]/Δt, C) 3Δ[BrO3−]/Δt, and D) −Δ[H2O]/Δt, do not correspond to the correct relationship based on the stoichiometric coefficients of the reaction. Therefore, the correct answer is A) −5Δ[Br−]/Δt.

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The orbital hybridization on the carbon atoms in C₂H₂ (ethyne) is sp hybridization.

In C₂H₂(ethyne or acetylene), the orbital hybridization on the carbon atoms is known as sp hybridization.

Each carbon atom in ethyne forms a triple bond with another carbon atom, giving the compound a linear molecular shape. Each carbon atom goes through sp hybridization in order to accommodate the bonding configuration and ensure optimal orbital overlap.

Two sp hybrid orbitals are created when each carbon atom's two 2s orbitals and one 2p orbital, in this case the 2px orbital, merge during sp hybridization. These sp hybrid orbitals have an angle of 180 degrees between them and are oriented linearly along the carbon-carbon axis.

The 2py and 2pz orbitals, which are the final two 2p orbitals on each carbon atom, are still unhybridized and parallel to the molecular axis. These open-source p orbitals can be used for π-bonding, forming the π bonds in the ethyne molecule.

So, in summary, the orbital hybridization on the carbon atoms in C₂H₂(ethyne) is sp hybridization.

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The populations can never be equal, but as the temperature approaches absolute zero, the population in the higher-energy state approaches zero while the population in the lower-energy state approaches its maximum value.

For two nondegenerate energy levels separated by an amount of energy ε/k = 300 K, the population of the higher-energy state can be calculated using the Boltzmann distribution equation:
N2/N1 = e^(-ε/kT)
where N2 and N1 are the number of particles in the higher-energy and lower-energy states, respectively, T is the temperature in Kelvin, ε/k is the energy separation in units of temperature, and e is the base of the natural logarithm.
a) To find the temperature at which the population in the higher-energy state is 1/2 that of the lower-energy state, we can set N2/N1 = 1/2:
1/2 = e^(-ε/kT)
ln(1/2) = -ε/kT
T = -ε/kln(1/2)
Substituting ε/k = 300 K, we get T = 434 K (or 161 °C).

b) To make the populations equal, we need N2/N1 = 1:
1 = e^(-ε/kT)
ln(1) = -ε/kT
T = -ε/kln(1)
T = 0 K, which is absolute zero and impossible to achieve in reality.

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Answer:

26.88 L

Explanation:

When any gas is held under standard conditions, one mol will occupy 22.4 liters.

With the above information in mind, we can calculate how many liters would 1.20 moles of CH₄ gas occupy under standard conditions:

1.20 mol * 22.4 L/mol = 26.88 L

So 1.20 moles of CH₄ would occupy 26.88 liters.