What do chemists study?
A. The properties of matter and how matter changes
B. How matter and energy interact
C. Mathematical principles
D. Living things
SUBMIT

Steel is produced from pig iron through a process known as steelmaking or iron and steel production.

The pig iron obtained from the blast furnace contains high amounts of carbon, impurities, and other elements. To convert pig iron into steel, the carbon content needs to be reduced to desired levels, and impurities must be removed.One common method of steelmaking is the basic oxygen process (BOP). In this process, pig iron is placed in a vessel called a converter, where oxygen is blown through the molten metal. The oxygen reacts with the carbon and impurities, causing them to oxidize and form gases that are released. Alloying elements and desired additives can be added at this stage to achieve specific steel properties. Another method is the electric arc furnace (EAF), where an electric arc is used to heat and melt the pig iron, allowing impurities to be oxidized and removed.The advantages of using steel are numerous. Steel is strong, durable, and versatile, making it suitable for a wide range of applications. It has high tensile strength, which means it can withstand heavy loads and pressures. Steel is also resistant to corrosion, making it ideal for construction, infrastructure, and transportation projects. It is a recyclable material, contributing to sustainability and reducing environmental impact. Additionally, steel can be fabricated into various shapes and sizes, allowing for customization and flexibility in design.References:

A. Ghosh and A. Chatterjee, Ironmaking and Steelmaking: Theory and Practice, PHI Learning, 2008.

R.H. Tupkary and V.R. Tupkary, An Introduction to Modern Iron Making, Khanna Publishers, 2010.

J.R. Davis, ed., ASM Specialty Handbook: Carbon and Alloy Steels, ASM International, 1995.

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Answer:

Radiation

Explanation:

11.7L

According to Charles law, the volume of a given mass of gas is directly proportional to its temperature provided that the pressure is constant. Mathematically;

where:

• v1 and v2 are the ,initial and final ,volume

• T1 and T2 are the, initial and final, temperature

Given the following parameters

v1 = 8.7L

T1 = 29.0°C = 29 + 273

T1 = 302K

T2 = 133+ 273 = 406K

Substitute the given parameters into the formula

Hence the volume of the gas at 133°C is 11.7L

Similar to glucagon, epinephrine increases glycogenolysis in the liver, which raises blood glucose levels.

Glycogenolysis is the biological process through which glucose and glucose-1-phosphate are produced from glycogen. Both myocytes and hepatocytes contribute to the reaction. The process is affected by glycogen, epinephrine and insulin in such a way that-

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Answer:

2.4 grams of ClF3

Explanation:

First let us determine the moles of Cl2 and F2,

Cl2 = (  ( 337 )( 2.05 L ) / ( 0.082 )( 298 K ) ) * ( 1 atm / 780 ),

Cl2 = ( 690 / 24.436 ) * ( 1 / 780 ),

Cl2 = ( About ) 0.036 moles of Cl2

_________________________________________________

F2 = ( ( 729 )( 2 L ) / ( 0.082 )( 298 K ) ) * ( 1 atm / 780 ),

F2 = ( 1458 / 24.436 ) * ( 1 / 780 )

F2 = ( About ) 0.078 moles of F2

Now let us identify the limiting reactant, considering the ratio between ClF3 and Cl2 / F2. In this case F2 is the limiting reactant, as it forms a smaller molar ratio;

The theoretic yield is thus performed with the limiting reactant F2,

0.078 * ( 2 / 3 ) * ( 92.45 / 2 ) = ( About ) 2.4 grams of ClF3

In 0.8291 moles of hexane (\(C_6H_1_4\)) there are 20.8 liters in 0.8291 moles of hexane at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

To determine the number of liters in 0.8291 moles of hexane (C6H14), we need to use the ideal gas law equation:

PV = nRT

where:

P = pressure (atm)

V = volume (L)

n = moles of gas

R = gas constant (0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)

T = temperature (K)

We need to rearrange this equation to solve for V:

V = nRT/P

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of hexane:

n = mass/molar mass

The molar mass of hexane (C6H14) is:

6(12.01 g/mol) + 14(1.01 g/mol) = 86.18 g/mol

n = 0.8291 moles

Next, we need to convert the temperature to Kelvin. Assuming room temperature (25°C or 298 K):

T = 298 K

Finally, we need to assume a pressure value. Let's assume atmospheric pressure (1 atm).

P = 1 atm

Now we can plug in the values and solve for V:

V = (0.8291 mol)(0.0821 L*atm/mol*K)(298 K)/(1 atm)

V = 20.8 L

Therefore, there are 20.8 liters in 0.8291 moles of hexane at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

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A contraption that swiftly prepares food is run by infrared rays. Microwaves employ infrared rays to heat meals by warming any water that may be present.

Numerous food production processes, including drying, boiling, heating, peeling, polyphenol recovery, freeze-drying, antioxidant recovery, microbiological inhibition, sterilizing grains, baking bread, roasting food, making juices, and cooking food, all use infrared technology.

Infrared radiation has the ability to ease or release muscle tension and encourage local blood circulation in the body. Infrared radiation has been used in conventional and modern medicine to treat conditions including autoimmune diseases and issues with wound healing in addition to relieving muscle pain and tension.

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Answer:

182.156g

Explanation:

grams = 49/.269 = 182.156g needed

Answer:

They can be turned into positive ions.

Explanation:

neutral atoms can be turned into positively charged ions by removing one or more electrons. Atoms that gain extra electrons become negatively charged. A neutral chlorine atom, for example, contains 17 protons and 17 electrons . By adding one more electron we get a negatively charged Ion with a net charge of negative 1

Enzymes speed up the process while being unaffected by the one they catalyze. Enzyme properties are being researched.

The vital function of enzymes is to reduce the activation energy of a reaction, or the number of calories necessary for the process to start. In order to facilitate the chemical bond-forming and bond-breaking processes, enzymes bind to reactant components and hold them in place.

As biological catalysts, enzymes quicken the pace of biological reactions. Enzymes change one energy form into a more useful one. Cofactors are elements that help enzymes function. There is a great degree of selectivity in enzymes.

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Answer:

\(C_7H_8N_4O_2\)

Explanation:

Hello!

In this case, since the determination of an empirical formula is covered by first computing the moles of each atom as shown below:

\(n_C=\frac{46.47g}{12g/mol}=3.9mol\\\\ n_H=\frac{4.48g}{1g/mol} =4.5mol\\\\n_N=\frac{31.10g}{14g/mol} =2.2mol\\\\n_O=\frac{17.76g}{16g/mol} =1.1mol\)

Now, we divide each moles by the fewest moles (those of oxygen), to obtain the subscripts in the empirical formula:

\(C:\frac{3.9}{1.1}=3.5 \\\\H:\frac{4.5}{1.1}=4 \\\\N:\frac{2.2}{1.1} =2\\\\O:\frac{1.1}{1.1} =1\)

Thus, the empirical formula, taken to the nearest whole subscript is:

\(C_7H_8N_4O_2\)

Whose molar mass is 180.16, therefore the empirical formula is the same to the molecular one.

Best regards!

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Theoretical yield of Cr is 68.43 g and the theoretical yield of CO2 is 1.1 kg when 100.0 g of Cr2O3 reacts with 100.0 g of C.

Quantity of a product obtained from complete conversion of the limiting reactant in chemical reaction is called theoretical yield.

2 Cr2O3 + 3 C → 4 Cr + 3 CO2

Molar mass of Cr2O3 is 152 g/mol, and the molar mass of C is 12.01 g/mol. Therefore, 100.0 g of each reactant is equivalent to:

100.0 g Cr2O3 / 152 g/mol = 0.6579 mol Cr2O3

100.0 g C / 12.01 g/mol = 8.329 mol C

The stoichiometry of the balanced equation tells us that for every 2 moles of Cr2O3, we need 3 moles of C. Therefore, if we have 0.6579 mol of Cr2O3, we need (3/2) x 0.6579 = 0.9868 mol of C to react completely. However, we only have 8.329 mol of C, which is in excess. This means that Cr2O3 is limiting reactant, and C is excess reactant.

From the balanced equation, 2 moles of Cr2O3 produce 4 moles of Cr.

Therefore, 0.6579 mol of Cr2O3 will produce (4/2) x 0.6579 = 1.316 mol of Cr.

Molar mass of Cr is 52.0 g/mol, so the theoretical yield of Cr is 1.316 mol x 52.0 g/mol = 68.43 g.

Therefore, 8.329 mol of C will produce (3/1) x 8.329 = 24.99 mol of CO2.

Molar mass of CO2 is 44.01 g/mol, so the theoretical yield of CO2 is 24.99 mol x 44.01 g/mol = 1099.25 g or 1.1 kg.

Therefore, theoretical yield of Cr is 68.43 g and theoretical yield of CO2 is 1.1 kg when 100.0 g of Cr2O3 reacts with 100.0 g of C.

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Answer:

Jupiter

Explanation:

Answer:

C6H12O6

Explanation:

C6H12O6

The oxidation number of reactant Fe is 0 while the  oxidation number of iron in the product is +3

The term redox reaction implies a reaction in which there is an increase in the oxidation number of a specie and the decrease in the oxidation number of another specie.

Now we have the answers as follows;

1) The oxidation number of reactant Fe is 0

2) The oxidation number of reactant oxygen is 0

3) The oxidation number of iron in the product is +3

4) The oxidation number of oxygen in the product is -2

5). Iron is oxidized in the reaction

6) Oxygen is reduced in the reaction

7) The oxidizing agent in this case is the oxygen atom

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Answer:

No, it is not sufficient

Please find the workings below

Explanation:

Using E = hf

Where;

E = energy of a photon (J)

h = Planck's constant (6.626 × 10^-34 J/s)

f = frequency

However, λ = v/f

f = v/λ

Where; λ = wavelength of light = 325nm = 325 × 10^-9m

v = speed of light (3 × 10^8 m/s)

Hence, E = hv/λ

E = 6.626 × 10^-34 × 3 × 10^8 ÷ 325 × 10^-9

E = 19.878 × 10^-26 ÷ 325 × 10^-9

E = 19.878/325 × 10^ (-26+9)

E = 0.061 × 10^-17

E = 6.1 × 10^-19J

Next, we work out the energy required to dissociate 1 mole of N=N. Since the bond energy is 418 kJ/mol.

E = 418 × 10³ ÷ 6.022 × 10^23

E = 69.412 × 10^(3-23)

E = 69.412 × 10^-20

E = 6.9412 × 10^-19J

6.9412 × 10^-19J is required to break one mole of N=N bond.

Based on the workings above, the photon, which has an energy of 6.1 × 10^-19J is not sufficient to break a N=N bond that has an energy of 6.9412 × 10^-19J

answer and explanation

this is and example of an exotherm reaction where energy is released

D is the correct option

Answer:

Cr 6+ & SO4 2-

Explanation:

Sulfate is a polyatomic ion that has a charge of 2-. There are three of them in the chemical formula so it equates to a 6- total charge. Thus, chromium must have a 6+ charge to give the compound a neutral charge.

Answer:

If you could line up 100,000,000 copper atoms side by side, they would produce a line only 1 cm long!!

Explanation:

We would have to line up 3.57  × 10⁹ copper atoms side by side to form a line 1 m long.

The atomic radius of 1 atom of copper is about 140 pm. Its diameter (twice the radius) is:

\(d = 2 \times 140 pm = 280 pm\)

We will convert 280 picometers to meters using the conversion factor 1 m = 10¹² pm.

\(280 pm \times \frac{1m}{10^{12}pm } = 2.80 \times 10^{-10} m\)

If each copper atom has a diameter of 2.80 × 10⁻¹⁰ m, the number that it would take to span a distance of 1 m is:

\(1 m \times \frac{1atomCu}{2.80 \times 10^{-10} m} = 3.57 \times 10^{9} atomCu\)

We would have to line up 3.57  × 10⁹ copper atoms side by side to form a line 1 m long.

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The calculated molarity will  be too high as the solution will turn dark magenta pink indicating the exceed of end point of titration and introduction of errors in results.

Errors in chemical analysis result when there is a difference between observed value and the true value.If the magnitude of errors is large , it results in decrease in accuracy, reproducibility, and precision.

There are three types of errors:1) random error 2) systematic error 3) human error.The cause of random errors are difficult to quantify while the human errors can be minimized by taking a range of readings to reduce the error.

Errors while performing titrations may be human errors while noting down the reading  or if excess titrant is added.

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Answer:

Chemical,electrical,light,heat

Answer:

chemical electrical, light, heatExplanation:

Answer:

Life in the Han Dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE) differed significantly from today in family, government, social structure, religion, and trade. For example, the Han Dynasty emphasized a patriarchal family structure, where the eldest male held authority, and filial piety was highly valued. In contrast, contemporary societies embrace more egalitarian family dynamics with shared decision-making.

The government system of the Han Dynasty relied on a centralized bureaucracy and emphasized meritocracy, while modern societies often adopted democratic systems. Socially, the Han Dynasty followed a hierarchical model influenced by Confucian principles, whereas contemporary societies strive for greater equality and social mobility.

Religion in the Han Dynasty combined Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, whereas modern societies exhibit diverse religious beliefs. Lastly, trade in the Han Dynasty thrived along the Silk Road, while modern trade was globally interconnected and facilitated by technological advancements. These differences highlight the evolution of society over time.

Explanation:

Answer:

Magnetic force obeys an inverse square law with distance. ... If the distance between two magnets is doubled the magnetic force between them will fall to a quarter of the initial value. (F/4) If the distance between two magnets is halved the magnetic force between them will increase to four times the initial value.

Answer:

when placed in water, a sodium pellet catches on fire as hydrogen gas is liberated and sodium hydroxide forms. chemical change = fire is a sign of chemical reaction.

Explanation:

When placed in water the sodium pellets catch the fire and liberate the hydrogen gas. On mixing with water solid sodium forms a colorless basic solution.

Sodium is a soft metal. It is a very reactive element with a low melting point. Sodium reacts very quickly with water, snow, and ice to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen. It is an alkali metal and the sixth most abundant metal on earth. It has a silvery white color.

It has a strong metallic luster. On reacting with oxygen it produces sodium oxide which on reacting with the water produces sodium hydroxide.

It is used to improve the structure of certain alloys and soaps. It is also used in the purification of metals. Sodium is also present in sodium chloride, an important compound found in the environment.

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When two objects descend towards one another, the potential energy related to the gravitational field is released (transformed into kinetic energy).

The potential energy that a huge item has in relation to a different massive object due to gravity is known as gravitational energy and gravitational potential energy. When two objects descend towards one another, the potential energy related to the gravitational field is released (transformed into kinetic energy). Bringing two things farther apart increases the gravitational potential energy.

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