Enzymes are biological catalysts that help speed up chemical reactions in living organisms. An enzyme catalyzed reaction rate is affected by various factors, and an alteration in any of the factors can cause a decrease in the reaction rate below its optimum level.
What causes the reaction rate of an enzyme catalyzed reaction to drop below the optimum?
Several factors can cause the reaction rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction to drop below its optimum, including the following: Temperature: enzymes work optimally within a narrow range of temperature. An increase in temperature above the optimum denatures the enzyme, leading to a decrease in the reaction rate. At low temperatures, enzymes become inactive, leading to a decrease in the reaction rate.
Substrate concentration: as substrate concentration increases, the rate of the reaction increases until it reaches a maximum rate, after which the rate becomes constant. This happens because the enzyme molecules become saturated with substrate molecules, and adding more substrate does not increase the reaction rate. pH: enzymes have an optimal pH level at which they work best. A change in pH can affect the enzyme's active site, causing it to denature and lose its function.
Enzyme concentration: an increase in enzyme concentration can lead to an increase in the reaction rate, but only up to a certain point. After a certain point, adding more enzyme does not increase the reaction rate.In conclusion, several factors can cause the reaction rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction to drop below its optimum level. Temperature, substrate concentration, pH, salinity, cofactors and inhibitors, and enzyme concentration are the primary factors that affect the reaction rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
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2. The concentration of HCI in a solution is 1 x 10^-2 mol/L. What would the pH
of the solution be?
(Hint: use pH = -log[H3O+])
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
This type of cloud are high feathery clouds made of ice crystals...
A cirrus
B nimbus
C cumulus
D stratus
Answer:
the answer is a because cirrus clouds have that definition
What properties of a soccer ball would change when it is filled with air particles?
Color and weight
Length and width
Size and shape
Texture and mass
11) Which group of Elements have Similar chemical Properties? *
Li, Be, B
K, Ca, Rb
Ca, Sr, Ba
The concentration of hydronium ions is greater than 1 × 10–7 for acidic solutions. True False
The concentration of hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) is generally greater than 1 × 10⁻⁷ for all acidic solutions: True.
What is an acidic solution?An acidic solution can be defined as a type of aqeous solution that has a high concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺), which is typically greater than that of pure water.
As a result of the fact that an acidic solution has a power of hydrogen ions (pH) below 7, the concentration of hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) derived from the protonation of water would be greater than 1 × 10⁻⁷ for all acidic solutions.
In conclusion, we can deduce that a property of all acidic solution is a concentration of hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) that is greater than 1 × 10⁻⁷.
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the volume of hydrogen produced at stp was 94.1 ml determine the mass of magnesium required
The mass of the Mg is 0.1 g
What is the stoichiometry of the reaction?Stoichiometry is the quantitative relationship between the reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It involves determining the mole ratios of the reactants and products based on the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
To find the stoichiometry of a reaction, you need to start with a balanced chemical equation that shows the reactants and products and their respective coefficients. The coefficients in the balanced chemical equation represent the mole ratios of the reactants and products in the reaction.
The equation of the reaction is;
Mg + 2HCl ----> MgCl2 + H2
We know that;
1 mol of the H2 occupies 22400 mL
x moles of H2 occupies 94.1 mL
x = 1 mol * 94.1 mL/ 22400 mL
x = 0.0042 moles
Now;
If 1 mole of Mg produces 1 mole of H2 then 0.0042 moles of Mg is required.
Hence the mass of Mg = 0.0042 moles * 24 g/mol
= 0.1 g
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balancing skeleton equation can someone help me with this
When any chemical equation is not balanced then that is known as skeletal chemical equation. We need to balance it because as we know that mass can neither be created nor be distroyed and also the number of atoms on the reactant side should always be equal to the compounds on the product side .
Calculate the mass defect of the oxygen nucleus 16 8o 816o . the mass of neutral 16 8o 816o is equal to 15.994914 atomic mass units
The mass defect of the oxygen nucleus is 16 8o 816o. the mass of neutral 16 8o 816o is equal to 15.994914 atomic mass units
8(1.008665)+8(1.007825)
=16.13192
16.13192-15.994914
=.13701 amu
The atomic nucleus is a small, dense region made up of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered by Ernest Rutherford in 1911, based on Geiger-Marsden's gold leaf experiment in 1909. After the discovery of the neutron in 1932, models of the nucleus composed of protons and neutrons were rapidly developed by Dmitri Ivanenko[1] and Werner Heisenberg. I was.
The cell nucleus carries genes, structures that control and regulate cell activity (such as growth and metabolism) and contain genetic information. Nucleoli are small bodies commonly found within the nucleus. The nucleoplasm is the gel-like matrix in which the core components are suspended.
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Which of the following is the correct word equation for the reaction described below? calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas are produced by the reaction of calcium hydride and water. calcium hydride hydrogen → calcium hydroxide water calcium hydride water → calcium hydroxide hydrogen calcium hydroxide hydrogen → calcium hydride water calcium hydroxide water → calcium hydride hydrogen
The correct word equation for the reaction described is: calcium hydride + water → calcium hydroxide + hydrogen gas. Therefore, the correct chemical equation for this reaction is: CaH2 + 2H2O → Ca(OH)2 + 2H2
Calcium hydride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CaH2. It is a white to gray solid, often sold in a powder form, and is highly reactive with water. When calcium hydride reacts with water, it produces hydrogen gas and calcium hydroxide. Calcium hydride is commonly used as a drying agent in organic solvents and gases because it reacts with water to form hydrogen gas and calcium hydroxide, which can be easily removed. It is also used in the production of hydrogen gas for fuel cells and as a reducing agent in metallurgy.
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Which is a change or signal in the environment that can make an organism
react? *
stimulus
O reaction
impulse
O
response
Answer:
I'm pretty sure its stimulus
What is the pH of a substance that has a hydrogen ion concentration of 1.2 x 10^-2 M
Answer:
1.92
Explanation:
3. If an acid has a pH of 2, what is its [H*]?
If an acid has a pH of 2, then [H⁺] of the given acid is 100.
What is an acid?
An acid is a molecule or ion that may either donate a proton (i.e. hydrogen ion, H+) as a Brnsted-Lowry acid or establish a covalent bond with an electron pair as a Lewis acid. The proton donors, also known as Brnsted-Lowry acids, are the first type of acid. Proton donors in aqueous solutions generate the hydronium ion H3O+ and are known as Arrhenius acids. The Arrhenius hypothesis was expanded by Brnsted and Lowry to include non-aqueous solvents. A Brnsted or Arrhenius acid is often composed of a hydrogen atom coupled to a chemical structure that remains energetically advantageous following the loss of H+.
pH = log[H⁺]
[H⁺] = antilog(pH)
= 10² = 100
Hence, [H⁺] of the given acid is 100.
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HCl has a molarity of 0.010 M and is a 0.010 M solution. Since [H+] = 1 x 10-2 M, this is true. This H+ ion solution is aqueous, and its pH value is 2.
Describe an acid ?A Lewis acid is a molecule or ion that can either contribute a proton (such as the hydrogen ion, H+) or form a covalent bond with an electron pair. The first kind of acid is the proton donor, also Brnsted-Lowry acid. Arrhenius acids are proton donors in aqueous solutions that produce the hydronium ion H3O+. Brnsted and Lowry expanded the Arrhenius hypothesis to incorporate non-aqueous solvents. A Brnsted or Arrhenius acid is frequently made up of a hydrogen atom attached to a chemical structure that continues to be energetically beneficial even after H+ is lost.
pH = log[H⁺]
[H⁺] = antilog(pH)
= 10² = 100
Hence, [H⁺] of the given acid is 100.
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Select the correct answer.
a sample of an element was poured from one container into a second container. it took on the shape of the second container. it was then
cooled. after cooling, the element was removed from the container and kept its new shape. what happened to the atoms of the element wt
they were cooled in the second container?
oa. they began to escape into the air.
ob. they stopped being attracted to nearby atoms.
oc. they stopped moving past the atoms around them.
od. they began to move more quickly.
If we define the system as the water and the copper cube together, we can also say that there is no loss of heat to the surroundings due to the cup’s insulating properties. Considering this, what is the value of qsystem? enter your answer in terms of joules, but do not include the units in the blank.
The value of the Q-system is Zero.
The Q-System is a rock mass classification system related to the stability of underground openings. Q-System was originally developed at NGI and is widely used in Norway and internationally. service. The Q value of undisturbed mountains can fluctuate. The Q-System is a rock mass classification system related to the stability of underground openings.
Based on the estimation of six rock parameters the Q value of rocks can be calculated. This value represents the quality of the rock. Rock quality designation RQD is a rough measure of the degree of fracturing or fracturing of rock masses measured as the percentage of drill cores that are 10 cm or longer in length. High-quality rocks have an RQD greater than 75% and low-quality rocks less than 50%. There are several definitions of lithology designation RQD.
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558.7 L of octanol [C8H10], gasoline, escapes as vapor from a gas storage container as it sits at conditions of STP. How many grams of gasoline has disappeared?
3205.8 grams of gasoline has disappeared.
The ideal gas law, which connects the pressure (P), volume (V), number of moles (n), and temperature (T) of a gas, must be used to address this issue:
PV = nRT
where T is the absolute temperature, R is the universal gas constant, with a value of 0.08206 L atm/(mol K), and R is the universal gas constant.
The settings are established as 273.15 K (0 °C) and 1 atm (standard temperature and pressure), often known as STP. As a result, we can use the ideal gas law to determine how many moles of octanol vapour have escaped:
n = PV/RT = (1 atm)(558.7 L)/(0.08206 L·atm/(mol·K))(273.15 K) = 24.6 mol
To convert moles to grams, we need to use the molar mass of octanol, which is 130.23 g/mol. Therefore, the mass of gasoline that has disappeared is:
mass = n x molar mass = 24.6 mol x 130.23 g/mol = 3205.8 g
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a student performed a hydrolysis reaction on trimyristin to obtain myristic acid. the student wants to confirm if the reaction worked. during the melting point measurement, a 50:50 (by weight) mixture of the starting trimyristin and the product myristic acid was found to be lower than that of myristic acid alone. according to the mixed melting point concept, this result may indicate that:
According to the mixed melting point concept, this result may indicate that: b.)trimyristin was not hydrolyzed to myristic acid.
What is hydrolysis reaction?A hydrolysis reaction is that reaction in which one molecule breaks apart to form multiple smaller molecules. Acidic hydrolysis of an ester produces carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Basic hydrolysis that is saponification of an ester gives carboxylate salt and alcohol.
Any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks one or more chemical bonds is called hydrolysis. The term is used mainly for substitution, elimination, and solvation reactions in which water is the nucleophile.
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Note: The question given on the portal is incomplete. Here is the complete question.
Question: Suppose a student hydrolyzes trimyristin to myristic acid and wants to confirm if the reaction works. During the melting point measurement, a 50:50 mixture of the starting trimyristin and the product myristic acid is found to have the same melting point as that of trimyristin. According to the mixed melting point concept, the result indicated that:
a. trimyristin was hydrolyzed to myristic acid
b. trimyristin was not hydrolyzed to myristic acid
c. trimyristin is the same as myristic acid
d. trimyristin was decomposed during the hydrolysis reaction
e. none of the above
CAN SOMEONE HELP ME PLEASE Evaluate, using the measurements and observations in Figure 8, whether ethanol or butanol is the
better fuel for heating the water.
Include calculations in your answer.
Answer:
ethanol
Explanation:
The better fuel for heating the water is ethanol as it burned with a clean blue flame.
What are the different colors of flame?The color of a flame can be red, orange, blue, yellow, or white. When extra chemicals are added to the fuel burning, it affects the frequencies of visible light radiation emitted.
The temperature of a flame is shown by its color and bright blue and has a temperature of about 1670 K. The temperature will drop as the color changes from yellow to orange. The cooler flame is often red and also forms smoke. The color of the flame also depends upon the supply of oxygen gas that is required to burn.
As mentioned in the observations of the ethanol and butanol. The ethanol burns the clean blue flame while butanol burns with a yellow sooty flame.
Therefore, ethanol is a better fuel for heating water than butanol.
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A compound consists of three times as many moles of chlorine as unknown metal m. Metal m contains 23 electrons and 31 neutrons when it forms this compound. What is the mass number of m?.
The mass number of metal M is 57.
Molecular formula of a compound is MCl₃, because chlorine has oxidation number -1 and metal +3.
Chlorine atom has atomic number 17 (17 protons and 17 electrons). When it gains one electron, it becomes chlorine anion Cl⁻ (negative charge), with 17 protons (positive electric charge of +1e elementary charge) and 18 electrons (negative one elementary charge).
Electron configuration of chlorine atom: ₁₇Cl 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵.
As a cation, metal has 23 electrons, and as an atom three electrons more 26. It has 26 protons.
The mass number (A) is sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in atom.
N(n°) = 31; number of neutrons in metal atom
N(p⁺) = 26; number of protons in metal atom.
A = N(n°) + N(p⁺)
A = 31 + 26
A = 57; the mass number of metal
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Question 2
Which of the following stages of the water cycle is related to plants undergoing cellular respiration?
a
infiltration
b
transpiration
c
condensation
d
evaporation
prepare a standard addition calibration curve, then use it and dilution factors correctly to calculate the concentration of cu2 in the unknown wine solution:
Prepare a standard addition calibration curve and calculate the concentration of Cu2+ in the unknown wine solution. Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. Prepare a series of standard Cu2+ solutions with known concentrations, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ppm (parts per million).
2. Add equal volumes of the unknown wine solution to each of the standard solutions.
This will cause the Cu2+ concentration in the wine to increase by the known amount in each standard.
3. Measure the absorbance or another relevant signal (e.g., fluorescence) of each standard+wine mixture using an appropriate instrument (e.g., a spectrophotometer).
4. Plot the measured signal (y-axis) against the added Cu2+ concentration (x-axis) to create the standard addition calibration curve.
The curve should be linear if the relationship between signal and concentration is linear.
5. Measure the signal of the undiluted unknown wine solution.
6. Locate the measured signal value of the undiluted wine on the y-axis of the calibration curve and trace a horizontal line across the graph until it intersects the calibration curve.
7. From the intersection point, trace a vertical line down to the x-axis to find the added Cu2+ concentration in the wine solution.
8. Subtract the added concentration from the total concentration obtained in step 7 to calculate the original concentration of Cu2+ in the unknown wine solution.
By following these steps, you can determine the concentration of Cu2+ in the unknown wine solution using the standard addition calibration curve and dilution factors.
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How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 225 grams of ice from -26.8 °C to steam at 133 °C ?
150000 J
General Formulas and Concepts:Chemistry
Thermodynamics
Specific Heat Formula: q = mcΔT
q is heat (in J)m is mass (in g)c is specific heat (in J/g °C)ΔT is change in temperature (in °C or K)Math
Pre-Algebra
Order of Operations: BPEMDAS
BracketsParenthesisExponentsMultiplicationDivisionAdditionSubtractionLeft to RightExplanation:Step 1: Define
Identify variables
[Given] m = 225 g
[Given] c = 4.184 J/g °C
[Given] ΔT = 133 °C - -26.8 °C = 159.8 °C
[Solve] q
Step 2: Solve for q
Substitute in variables [Specific Heat Formula]: q = (225 g)(4.184 J/g °C)(159.8 °C)Multiply: q = (941.4 J/°C)(159.8 °C)Multiply: q = 150436 JStep 3: Check
Follow sig fig rules and round. We are given 3 sig figs.
150436 J ≈ 150000 J
Topic: AP Chemistry
Unit: Thermodynamics
Book: Pearson AP Chemistry
please answer quick please, im have a test
How would I balance this?
The balance chemical reaction is as below:
4Fe (s) + 3O₂ (g) ⇒ 2Fe₂O₃ (s)
What is balance chemical reaction ?The term balanced chemical equation is defined when the number of the atoms involved in the reactants side is exactly equal to the number of atoms in the products side.
The most important thing about balancing chemical equations is to satisfy the law of conservation of mass, This states that “the total mass of the products is exactly equal to the total mass of all the reactants”
Thus, The balance chemical reaction is as below:
4Fe (s) + 3O₂ (g) ⇒ 2Fe₂O₃ (s)
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Given the reaction:
Ca + 2H,0→ Ca(OH)) + H2
How many moles of H,O are needed to exactly react with
2.0 moles of Ca
Answer:
4
Explanation:
because use the molar ratio of
ca:h2o
1:2
2;4
so u times it by 2 .
hope this helps:)
Water circulates through Earth's water cycle by changing its _____.
A. state
B. acidity
C. turbidity
D. composition
PLsss I need answers T-T
If 0.08 moles of Fe are
reacted, how many moles of
H, are formed?
Based on the balanced equation, if we have 0.08 moles of Iron (Fe), we can conclude that 0.08 moles of Hydrogen (H₂) will be formed as well.
How to Calculate Mole in a Chemical EquationFirst we need to balance the chemical equation for the reaction involving Iron (Fe) and Hydrogen (H).
The reaction will be between Fe and HCl (hydrochloric acid) to produce hydrogen gas (H₂) and iron chloride (FeCl₂):
Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂
From the balanced equation, we can see that for every 1 mole of Fe reacted, 1 mole of H₂ is formed. Therefore, if we have 0.08 moles of Fe, we can conclude that 0.08 moles of H₂ will be formed as well.
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During aerobic respiration, h2o is formed. Where does the oxygen atom for the formation of the water come from?.
For the creation of water, molecular oxygen provides the oxygen atom.
Where does the oxygen atom come from that directly contributes to the creation of water?As the ETC's final electron acceptor, oxygen performs this function. The oxygen atoms then absorb the electrons from the complex IV and combine with the protons of hydrogen to form water. The oxygen atoms are extracted from the gaseous oxygen.
Where does the oxygen atom that is needed to create water during aerobic respiration come from?All that is known is that this oxygen atom was initially one of the atoms in the process' reactants.
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Match each term with the correct location on a trophic pyramid.
Match Term Definition
Producers A) Second level from the top
Primary Consumers B) Second level from the bottom
Secondary Consumers C) Top of the pyramid
Tertiary Consumers D) Bottom of the pyramid
Ape x Predator E) Middle of the pyramid
Answer:
A-Bottom of the period
B-Second level from the bottom
C-Middle of the pyramid
D-Second level from top
E-Top of the pyramid
H2SO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + 2H2O what volume of water vapor will be produced if you start with 71.5 g of sulfuric acid and excess of sodium hydroxide
Answer:
Explanation:
Find the molar mass of H2SO4
2H = 2 * 1 = 2
S = 1 * 32 =32
O4 = 4*16 = 64
total 98
Find the number of mols in 71.5 grams
mols = given mass / molar mass.
given mass = 71.5
molar mass = 98
mols = 71.5/98
mols = 0.7296 mols of H2SO4
Find the moles of H2O
From the Balanced equation, every mol of H2SO4 produces 2 moles of H2O
mols water = 2 * 0.7296
mols water = 1.4592
That's as far as I can take you. I have to know a great deal more to get the volume of H2O
To ensure that a vehicle crash is inelastic, vehicle safety designers add crumple zones to vehicles. A crumple zone is a part of a vehicle designed to crumple easily in a crash. Use Newton’s second law to explain why crumple zones reduce the force in a collision.
Answer:
well because with the velocity of the two, using the second law, it can slow the velocity before there is a casualty.
Explanation: