what are the laboratory equipments in chemistry and their uses​

Answer:

It is becoming more acidic.

Explanation:

The pH scale is a way to express the concentration of hydrogen ions. This scale goes from 0 to 14 and it is adimensional.

The lower the pH, the more acidic the solution. Since the pH of the garden soil of Olivia is decreasing, it is becoming more acidic.

The amount of heat energy produced when 1 g of hydrogen and 2 g of nitrogen are reacted, is -6.61 KJ

First, we shall obtain the limiting reactant. Details below:

3H₂ + N₂ -> 2NH₃

From the balanced equation above,

28 g of N₂ reacted with 6 g of H₂

Therefore,

2 g of N₂ will react with = (2 × 6) / 28 = 0.43 g of H₂

We can see that only 0.43 g of H₂ is needed in the reaction.

Thus, the limiting reactant is N₂

Finally, we the amount of heat energy produced. Details below:

3H₂ + N₂ -> 2NH₃ ΔH = -92.6 KJ

From the balanced equation above,

When 28 grams of N₂ reacted, -92.6 KJ of heat energy were produced.

Therefore,

When 2 grams of N₂ will react to produce = (2 × -92.6) / 28 = -6.61 KJ

Thus the heat energy produced from the reaction is -6.61 KJ

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Answer:

2.3531 cm³ Cu

Explanation:

To find the volume of the copper, you need to multiply the given mass (g) by the density. You can use the denisty to convert between g and cm³ because denisty is a ratio that represents the mass of copper per every 1 cm³. It is important to arrange this ratio in a way that allows for the cancellation of units (grams should be in the denominator to cancel the units of the given mass). The final answer should have 5 sig figs like the given mass (21.084 = 5 sig figs).

Density = 8.96 g/cm³

  21.084 g Cu               1 cm³
----------------------  x  ------------------  =  2.3531 cm³ Cu
                                    8.96 g

Answer:

The three pKa values for phosphoric acid (H3PO4) are 2.12, 7.21, and 12.32.

About 21 protein grams were in him. Pablo's third breakfast dish was a scrambled egg.

Protein makes up the majority of the body's organs, tissues, and body parts, include muscle, bones, skin, and hair. It contributes to the production of hemoglobin, which transports oxygen in the blood, and enzymes, which drive numerous chemical reactions.

Your muscles' primary building material is protein. Therefore, consuming enough protein will help you keep your lean muscle and encourage muscular growth when you engage in strength exercise. Eating a lot of protein can help build muscle mass and strength, according to numerous studies.

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In the field of chemistry known as stoichiometry, the goal is to ascertain the needed quantitative data by using relationships between the reactants and/or products of a chemical process.

The complete question is,

Suppose you set the initial masses so that both reactions result in PCl3. Describe how the laws of definite and definite obeyed in both of these chemical reactions.

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The volume of oxygen gas produced by the decomposition of 3.05 g KCIO₃ according to the given equation is 1.68 liters

Let us begin by obtaining the mole of 3.05 g of KClO₃. Details below:

Mole = mass / molar mass

Mole of KClO₃ = 3.05 / 122.5

Mole of KClO₃ = 0.025 mole

Next, we shall determine the mole of of oxygen gas, O₂ produced from the reaction. Details below:

KClO₃ -> 2KCl + 3O₂

From the balanced equation above,

1 mole of KClO₃ reacted to produced 3 moles of O₂

Therefore,

0.025 mole of KClO₃ will react to produce = 0.025 × 3 = 0.075 mole of O₂

Finally, we shall obtain the volume of oxygen gas, O₂ produced. This is shown below

At STP,

1 mole of O₂ = 22.4 Liters

Therefore,

0.075 moles of O₂ = 0.075 × 22.4

0.075 moles of O₂ = 1.68 liters

Thus, the volume of oxygen gas, O₂ produced is 1.68 liters

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Answer: Magnetic marbles will tend to attract each other

Explanation:

The theoretical volume of ammonia that should be produced in the Haber process if we start with 5.0 L of nitrogen (N2) at standard temperature and pressure (STP) can be calculated as follows:

1 mole of N2 reacts with 3 moles of H2 to form 2 moles of NH3

Thus, the number of moles of N2 present can be calculated using the Ideal Gas Law:

PV = nRT

Where n is the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, P is the pressure in atmospheres, and V is the volume in liters.

At STP (0°C and 1 atm), the volume of one mole of gas is 24.45 L.

Given 5.0 L of N2 at STP, the number of moles of N2 can be calculated as:

n = (PV)/RT = (1 atm)(5.0 L)/(0.0821 atmL/molK)(273 K) = 1.96 moles

The number of moles of NH3 produced can then be calculated as:

n = (2 moles of NH3)/(1 mole of N2) = 2 moles/1 mole = 2 moles

The volume of NH3 can be calculated as:

V = nRT/P = (2 moles)(0.0821 atmL/molK)(273 K)/(1 atm) = 44.8 L

So, the theoretical volume of ammonia (NH3) that should be produced if we start with 5.0 L of N2 at STP is 44.8 L.

By removing the need to build additional transmission lines and equipment, energy storage may reduce costs for utilities and their customers.

By removing the need to build additional transmission lines and equipment, energy storage may reduce costs for utilities and their customers. Energy storage's inherent ability to offer backup power in the event of grid failure is a feature that both residential consumers and commercial owners find highly desirable.

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When chloroform reacts with benzene in the presence of anhydrous aluminium trichloride, it results to give complex compound called triphenylmethane and hydrochloric acid

Answer:

E = -0.76 V

Explanation:

The potential between the anode and the cathode is called standard reduction potential. It gives the tendency of the species to get reduced.

The given half reaction is :

\(Zn^{2+}(aq)+2e^{-}\rightarrow Zn(s)\)

Zn²⁺ is the reduced form of Zn.

It is a stronger reducng agent.

Its standard reduction potential (E) has a sandard value.

E = -0.76 V

Hence, the correct option is (c).

Answer:

Explanation:

The non-polar molecules are held in place by very weak van der Waals forces, hence making it to have the least melting and boiling point.

The melting points of substances is the point at which it changes from solid to liquid, it can be very difficult to ascertain that why mostly the melting point is given as a range of values.

The two solutions that have similar solubilities at 40°C will be Na₂HAsO₄ and Na₂SO₄.

It is the ability of a solute to be dissolved, especially in water.

As the temperature increases the solubility of the gas generally decreases"

According to given information and graph attached as reference ;

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Answer:

it's D 240

Explanation:

I took the

Answer:

56.96 grams

Explanation:

To find the mass of 1.78 moles of O2, we need to use the molar mass of O2, which is the mass of one mole of O2.

The chemical formula for O2 is O-O or simply O2. The molar mass of O2 is the sum of the atomic masses of two oxygen atoms, which can be found on the periodic table.

The atomic mass of oxygen (O) is approximately 16.00 g/mol. So the molar mass of O2 is:

Molar mass of O2 = 2 x atomic mass of O

= 2 x 16.00 g/mol

= 32.00 g/mol

Therefore, the mass of 1.78 moles of O2 is:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

= 1.78 mol × 32.00 g/mol

= 56.96 g

So the mass of 1.78 moles of O2 is 56.96 grams.

Calculations :

We are given -

• Temperature T1 = 273K

• Pressure P1 = 0.75atm

• Temperature T2 = 350K

• Pressure P2 = .....??

This means that :

273 K produces 0.75atm

350 K will produce x atm ...... (do a cross multiply)

Therefore x atm = (350K * 0.75atm)/273K

= 0.96 atm

• This means that at 350K, the resulting pressure will be 0.96atm

Answer:

The mole ratio of AgNO3 to Ag2SO4 IS 2:1 .0.657 g Ag2SO4 x 1 mol / 312 g = 0.00211 mol Ag2SO4.

0.00211 mol Ag2SO4 x 2 mol AgNO3 / 1 mol Ag2SO4 = 0.00421 mol AgNO3

0.00421 mol AgNO3 x 1 L / 0.123 mol AgNO3 = 0.0342 L = 34.2 mL of AgNO3 solution.Therefore,34.2ml of 0.123M AgNO3 will be required.

When electric voltage is applied, an electric field within the metal triggers the movement of the electrons, making them shift from one end to another end of the conductor

Explanation:

When electric voltage is applied, an electric field within the metal triggers the movement of the electrons, making them shift from one end to another end of the conductor

No, I do not think the Chernobyl accident has been ecologically beneficial for the ecosystems within the exclusion zone.

An exclusion zone is an area that is restricted by a government or other authority, typically in response to a threat to public safety. It is used to limit or prevent access to a certain location, often due to the presence of hazardous material or a natural disaster. Exclusion zones can be created around a disaster area, a nuclear facility, or a toxic waste site, and in some cases, they can be used to protect sensitive military installations.

No, I do not think the Chernobyl accident has been ecologically beneficial for the ecosystems within the exclusion zone. The contamination from the radioactive fallout is more damaging and dangerous to biodiversity than the presence of a large human population. This is because the radiation exposure from the accident has resulted in widespread ecological damage, including the death of trees and other vegetation, disruption of food webs, and the displacement of species. Additionally, radioactive contaminants can accumulate in the tissues of plants and animals, and can be passed up the food chain, leading to further damage. In contrast, the presence of a large human population can cause localized disturbances, such as habitat destruction, but these effects are generally localized, and can be mitigated by conservation measures.

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For addition or subtraction operations, we must first round off the values of significant figures in order to make them to the same number of decimal places:

Let's round 4.21 to 4.2.

Now we do the operation:

5.4 - 4.2 = 1.2

After the calculations, we choose as a reference the number with the fewest decimal places. For subtraction operations, we must follow the same reasoning as for addition.

Answer: 1.2

Answer:

1. 1.50 moles

2. 2.52x10²⁵ S atoms

3. 0.166 moles

4. 1.31 moles of Fe

5. 4.12x10²⁴ atoms of O

Explanation:

1 mole is defined as the amount of atoms of ¹²C presents in 12g. This number is 6.022x10²³. That means:

1 mole of atoms = 6.022x10²³ atoms

1 mole of electrons = 6.022x10²³ electrons

1 mole of molecules = 6.022x10²³ molecules

1. Using this conversion factor, 9.01x10²³ atoms are:

9.01x10²³ atoms * (1mol / 6.022x10²³ atoms) = 1.50 moles

2. 41.8 atoms of S are:

41.8 moles * (6.022x10²³ atoms / 1mol) = 2.52x10²⁵ S atoms

3. 1.00x10²³ molecules of methane are:

1.00x10²³ molecules * (1mol / 6.022x10²³ molecules) = 0.166 moles

4. 7.91x10²³ atoms of Fe are:

7.91x10²³ atoms * (1mol / 6.022x10²³ atoms) = 1.31 moles of Fe

5. In 1 mole of HNO3 you have 3 moles of O, in 2.28 moles are:

2.28 mol * 3 = 6.84 moles of O. Atoms are:

6.84 moles of O * (6.022x10²³ atoms / 1mol) = 4.12x10²⁴ atoms of O

The inherited traits of an organism are determined by the genes in the chromosomes. Genes are segments of DNA that code for specific proteins, which determine various characteristics or traits of an organism. The number and size of the chromosomes do not determine the inherited traits of an organism, only the genes on them. The correct answer is  option A.

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA bases in a gene. They can be present and not expressed if they occur in a non-coding region of the gene or if they do not affect the function of the protein coded by the gene. However, mutations that occur in the coding region of a gene can cause changes in the amino acid sequence of the protein, which can alter its structure and function.

These types of mutations are expressed and can have various effects on the organism, ranging from no effect to severe health problems or even death. In summary, the inherited traits of an organism are determined by the genes in the chromosomes, and mutations can have varying effects on an organism depending on where they occur and how they affect the protein coded by the gene. The correct answer is  option A.

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The value of the rate constant for experiment 1 is 5000 M-1s-1, experiment 2 is 5000 M-1s-1, experiment 3 is 5000 M-1s-1 and experiment 4 is 5000 M-1s-1.

Given the reaction of ozone with nitrite ion, producing nitrate and oxygen: \(NO2- (aq) + O3 (g) -- > NO3- (aq) + O2 (g)\)

The rate equation for this reaction is:

Rate = k[NO2-][O3]

By rearranging this equation, we can determine the rate constant, k:

k = Rate / [NO2-][O3]

We can then use the data from the experiment to calculate the rate constant:

For Experiment 1:

k1 = 25 / (0.0100)(0.0050) = 5000 M-1s-1

For Experiment 2:

k2 = 37.5 / (0.0150)(0.0050) = 5000 M-1s-1

For Experiment 3:

k3 = 50.0 / (0.0200)(0.0050) = 5000 M-1s-1

For Experiment 4:

k4 = 200.0 / (0.0200)(0.0200) = 5000 M-1s-1

Since all of the experiments yielded the same rate constant, we can conclude that the rate constant for this reaction is k = 5000 M-1s-1

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The number of faradays that passes through a resistance in a circuit carrying current of 5 A for 1hour is 0.187 Faraday.

The number of Faradays passing through an electrical circuit can be calculated using the following formula;

Q = It

Where:

According to this question, a circuit of electricity is carrying a current of 5A for 1 hour (3600s). The charge can be calculated as follows:

Q = 5 × 3600

Q = 18,000C

Since [1 F = 96500 C]

18,000C will be equivalent to 0.187 Faradays.

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Answer:

Check photo

Explanation:

To create molecules, atoms combine. Two hydrogen (H) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom make up a water molecule's three atoms. H2O is a common abbreviation for water because of this.

The smallest unit of a material that keeps its content and characteristics is a molecule, which is made up of two or more atoms linked together by chemical bonds. The building blocks of chemistry are molecules.

The phrase "the molecules of life" frequently refers to these four categories of molecules. Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids make up the four basic building blocks of life. Every single life on Earth depends on one or more of the four categories. These four molecules are necessary for a cell and an organism to exist.

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The pOH of the 0.001 M NaOH solution is approximately 3.

To determine the pOH of a solution, we need to know the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution.

In the case of a 0.001 M NaOH solution, we can assume that all of the NaOH dissociates completely in water to form Na+ and OH- ions. Therefore, the concentration of hydroxide ions in the solution is also 0.001 M.

The pOH is calculated using the equation:

pOH = -log[OH-]

Substituting the concentration of hydroxide ions, we have:

pOH = -log(0.001)

Using a calculator, we can evaluate the logarithm:

pOH ≈ 3

Therefore, the pOH of the 0.001 M NaOH solution is approximately 3.

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The quotient of the given mathematical problem is equal to 2. Therefore, option A is correct.

In arithmetic, a quotient can be described as a quantity produced by the division of two numbers. The quotient has used throughout mathematics and is referred to as the integer part of a division or as a fraction or a ratio.

A rational number is the quotient of two integers when the denominator is non-zero.

A real number r is rational, it can be expressed as a quotient of two integers with a non-zero denominator.

Given a real number r, r is rational if and only if there exist integers a and b such that\({\displaystyle r={\tfrac {a}{b}}}, {\displaystyle b\neq 0}\)

Given, the division of √100/√25

We can write the \(\sqrt{100} =\sqrt{25\times 4} =\sqrt{25} \sqrt{4}\)

Now, \(\displaystyle \frac{\sqrt{100}}{\sqrt{25}}= \frac {\sqrt{25}\times \sqrt{4} }{ \sqrt{25}} =\sqrt{4} =2\)

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Atom B would form an ion that has a charge that can be designated as + 2.

An ion is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, resulting in a net electric charge. Atoms typically have an equal number of electrons and protons, which gives them a neutral charge.

We can see that atom B belongs to group 2 of the periodic table and that the atoms that we find in this group are able to loose two electrons and thus they would form an ion that has a charge of + 2.

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