unpolarized light is passed through two successive polaroid filters, each with its transmission axis at 45.0° to the preceding filter. what percentage of light energy gets through?
Answers
The amount of light that passes through the three Polaroid filters in order is 12.5%.
Does "light" imply "not heavy"?Light is an adjective that describes something that isn't weighty, cumbersome, or depressing. A conversation topic or a music piece are both examples of things that can be considered light. The weight is light even though the trip is long, for instance.
Angle of transmission axis; θ = 45°
Formula for intensity of light from first polarizer is;
I₁ = ¹/₂I₀
Formula for intensity of light from second polarizer is;
I₂ = I₁cos²θ
Formula for intensity of light from third polarizer is;
I₃ = I₂cos²(90 - θ)
Combining the 3 equations;
Put ¹/₂I₀ for I₁ in second formula to get;
I₂ = ¹/₂I₀cos²θ
Put ¹/₂I₀cos²θ for I₂ in third formula to get;
I₃ = ¹/₂I₀cos²θ*cos²(90 - θ)
Plugging in 45° for θ gives;
I₃ = ¹/₂I₀cos²45*cos²(90 - 45)
⇒ I₃ = ¹/₂I₀cos²45*cos²45
⇒ I₃ = ¹/₂I₀cos⁴45
Now, cos 45 in surd form is 1/√2. Thus;
I₃ = ¹/₂I₀(1/√2)⁴
I₃ = ¹/₂I₀(¹/₄)
I₃ = ¹/₈I₀
I₃/I₀ = ¹/₈
I₃/I₀ = 0.125
In percentage form, we have;
I₃/I₀ = 12.5%
Why is light such an effective symbol?Light is a universally recognized metaphor for knowledge and rational reasoning; it is the antithesis of darkness or ignorance. The dark is almost usually thought to be ominous and dangerous, connected with things that cannot understand. According to legend, light dispels darkness and creates order from chaos.
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Related Questions
Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system, has an equatorial radius of about 7.1 x 10^4km (more than 10 times that of Earth). Its period of rotation, however, is only 9h, 50 min. That means that every point on Jupiter's equator "goes around the planet" in that interval of time. Calculate the average speed (in m/s) of an equatorial point during one period of Jupiter's rotation. Is the average velocity different from the average speed in this case?
Answers
Answer:
The average speed is \(v = 1260 \ km/s\)
The average speed is different from the average velocity in this question
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The equatorial radius of Jupiter is \(R_j = 7.1*10^{4} \ km\)
The period of oscillation of Jupiter is \(T_J = 9 \ hours , 50 \ min = 35400 \ seconds\)
Generally the average speed is mathematically represented as
\(v = \frac{2 \pi * R_j }{T_J}\)
=> \(v = \frac{2 *3.142 * 7.1*10^{4} }{35400}\)
=> \(v = 1260 \ km/s\)
Generally in average speed the direction is not considered while in average velocity the direction is considered for the case of this question the movement equitorial point has no direction in that it start from one point and after its periodic motion it still remains at that point
Write the physics equation for this graph in slope-intercept form (y=mx+b), expressed in terms of the appropriate variables.
Answers
The equation that describes the graph is y = 16.7x + 150.
What is the equation?We have been given the graph of a certain function data set in physics. We know that the graph is the representation of data on cartesian coordinates. In this case, we are asked to find the equation of the graph in the form; y=mx+b
m = slope of the graph
b = intercept of the graph.
To obtain the slope;
m = y2 - y1/ x2 - x1
m = 400 - 200/ 16 - 4
m = 200/ 12
m = 16.7
Then we can see from the graph that the y - intercept is 150. Having these data, the equation that could describe the graph is now;
y = 16.7x + 150
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Please help
What is the magnitude of the normal force on the bag?
Answer in units of N.
Answers
Answer:
41.576 N
Explanation:
Resolving force in the inclined plane in the x and y directions gives us;
F_x = mg sin θ
F_y = mg cos θ
Thus;
F_x = 4.8 × 9.81 × sin 28
F_x = 22.106 N
F_y = 4.8 × 9.81 × cos 28
F_y = 41.576 N
We can use Newton's second law to find the normal force.. Thus;
N - F_y = 0.
Where N is normal force;
N = 41.576 N
8. A solution contains a mixture of two volatile substances A and B.
The mole fraction of substance A is 0.35. At 32°C the vapor pressure
of pure A is 87 mmHg, and the vapor pressure of pure B is 122
mmHg. What is the total vapor pressure of the solution at this
temperature?
a) 110 mmHg
b) 209 mmHg
c) 99.3 mmHg
d) 73.2 mmHg
Answers
The total vapor pressure of the solution is (c) 99.3 mmHg.
What is temperature?A substance's or an object's temperature is a measurement of how hot or cold it is. It is a characteristic of matter that has to do with the typical kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules that make up the thing or material. Normally, temperatures are expressed in either degrees Celsius (°C) or degrees Fahrenheit (°F).
How do you determine it?Raoult's law, because substance A's mole fraction is 0.35, it follows that substance B's mole fraction must be 0.65. (since the two mole fractions must add up to 1). The partial pressures of A and B in the solution can be determined using Raoult's law:
A's partial pressure is calculated as 0.35 x 87 mmHg, or 30.45 mmHg.
B's partial pressure is equal to 79.3 mmHg (0.65 x 122 mmHg).
The partial pressures of A and B are added to determine the solution's overall vapor pressure:
Total vapor pressure equals partial pressures of A and B, or 30.45 mmHg, 79.3 mmHg, and 109.75 mmHg respectively.
Rounding to the nearest tenth, we obtain 109.8 mmHg, which is the value that is most similar to option (c) 99.3 mmHg. Hence, the correct response is (c) 99.3 mmHg.
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A 8 kg Ice skater is moving at 5 m/s and is headed towards a stationary 2 kg snowman. After the two collide, the ice skater has 0 m/s of velocity and the snowman moves forward. What is the velocity of the snowman?
Answers
Answer:
\(20\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}\), assuming that friction is negligible.
Explanation:
If an object of mass \(m\) moves at a velocity of \(v\), the momentum \(p\) of this object would be \(p = m\, v\).
if friction is negligible, the sum of the momentum should be the same before and after the collision.
Before the collision:
Momentum of the ice skater was \((8\; {\rm kg})\, (5\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}) = 40\; {\rm kg \cdot m\cdot s^{-1}}\).Momentum of the snowman was \((2\; {\rm kg})\, (0\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}) = 0\; {\rm kg\cdot m\cdot s^{-1}}\).In other words, the sum of momentum was \(40\; {\rm kg\cdot m\cdot s^{-1}}\) before the collision.
After the collision:
Momentum of the ice skater became \((8\; {\rm kg})\, (0\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}) = 0\; {\rm kg \cdot m\cdot s^{-1}}\).Momentum of the snowman needs to be found.The sum of the momentum stays unchanged at \(40\; {\rm kg\cdot m\cdot s^{-1}}\). Subtract the momentum of the ice skater from the sum to find the momentum of the snowman:
\(40\; {\rm kg\cdot m\cdot s^{-1}} - 0\; {\rm kg\cdot m\cdot s^{-1}} = 40\; {\rm kg\cdot m\cdot s^{-1}}\).
Divide the momentum of the snowman by its mass to find its velocity:
\(\begin{aligned}\frac{40\; {\rm kg\cdot m\cdot s^{-1}}}{2\; {\rm kg}} = 20\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}\end{aligned}\).
In other words, the collision of the snowman would be \(20\; {\rm m\cdot s^{-1}}\) after the collision.
How many satellites does it take for gps to register an accurate location?
Answers
A minimum of four satellites are required for the Global Positioning System (GPS) to accurately determine a user's location.
GPS receivers use the signals from GPS satellites to determine the receiver's position. The satellites send signals that include their position and the time the signal was transmitted. By using signals from at least four satellites, the receiver can use trilateration to determine its position. Trilateration involves measuring the time delay between the signals from each satellite and the receiver, and then using this information to calculate the distance between the receiver and each satellite. By determining the distances to multiple satellites, the receiver can then calculate its position. Having more than four satellites in view provides a stronger and more accurate signal, and can improve the accuracy of the receiver's position calculation. However, in most cases, four satellites are enough to provide a highly accurate position, even in areas with limited satellite visibility.To know more about satellites visit:
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What is the type of radioactive decay represented by the equation above? A. Gamma B. Fusion C. Alpha D. Fission 40. Alberta uses clean coal technology. This means that the coal has a lower i content than coal in other parts of Canada, which results in reduced ii The statement above is completed correctly by the information in row olla sdf to ridW Row i A. sulfur greenhouse gas emissions acid deposition sulfur carbon greenhouse gas emissions acid deposition carbon B. C. D. 29. Which of the following graphs depicts the relationship between gravitational field strength and the mass of the International Space Station orbiting Earth? A. Field Strength (N/kg) C. Field Strength (N/kg) Mass (kg) Mass (kg) B. Field Strength (N/kg) D. Field Strength (N/kg) Mass (kg) CADLC 30. Which of the following sequences of colours represents the changing temperatu from the surface to the atmosphere of the sun? a A. Red, orange, yellow, blue B. Yellow, red, orange, blue C. Orange, yellow, blue, red D. Blue, yellow, orange, red 1. When a star undergoes a blue shift, the star is A. moving away from an observer B. moving towards an observer C. moving parallel to an observer D. stationary Mass (kg)
Answers
The sun is Yellow, red, orange, and blue. Therefore option B is correct.
The star is moving toward an observer. Therefore option B is correct.
39. The type of radioactive decay represented by the equation provided Gamma. Therefore option A is correct.
40. The statement is completed correctly by the information which states that the coal in Alberta has a lower carbon content than coal in other parts of Canada, resulting in reduced greenhouse gas emissions.
29. graph B depicts the relationship between gravitational field strength and the mass of the International Space Station orbiting Earth.
30. The correct sequence of colors representing the changing temperature from the surface to the atmosphere of the sun is Yellow, red, orange, and blue. Therefore option B is correct.
1. When a star undergoes a blue shift, it indicates that the star is moving toward an observer. Therefore option B is correct.
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What is thermodynamics?
a) the way energy changes
b) the classification of energy
c) the movement of energy
d) the movement of heat
Answers
Answer:
I think it is D
Explanation:
Answer:
D :D lol
Explanation:
pls show working out as well. will mark u as brainliest
Answers
(ii) The distance covered by the antelope after 17 s
v = v₀ + a • t
25 = 0 + 2a
a = 12.5 m/s²
S = ½ • a • t² + v • t
S = ½(12.5)(2)² + 25(14.5)
S = 387.5 m
(iii) How far the cheetah and the antelope after 17 s
v = v₀ + a • t
29 = 0 + 2a
a = 14.5 m/s²
Sc = ½ • a • t² + v • t
Sc = ½(14.5)(2)² + (29)(15)
Sc = 464 m
Total distance between antelope and cheetah after 17s
∆S = S - Sc + 100
∆S = 387.5 - 464 + 100
∆S = 23.5 m
Two force sensors are connected together. One sensor is attached to a wall and the second sensor is pulled with a force of 100 N. What would the total force measured by the second force be?
Answers
The total force will be 100 N .
This is a use of Newton's Third Law, which states that "there is an equal and opposite reaction to every action." Only if the other end of the string applies a force of 100 N in the opposite direction can someone at one end of the string apply a force of 100 N to the other end.Imagine that If suspend a 1 kilogram load from a spring scale. This has a pulling force of about 100 N. Next, take the weight off the spring scale and fasten it to a wall. Pull the scale until 1 kilogram is displayed. The weight and gravity's downward force of 100 N was the same when it was dangling. Consider what would happen if the end of the thread was linked to one spring scale and a second spring scale was attached to the wall. The spring scale on the other end will display 1 kg when you pull one of them firmly enough to get it to register that weight. They represent equal forces acting in opposition to one another.
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Maggie completed a 10000-m race at an average speed of 160
m/min. If Tom took 12.5 fewer minutes to complete the race,
what was Tom's average speed?
Answers
Answer:
200m/minExplanation:
The formula for calculating distance covered = Speed * time
If Maggie completed a 10000-m race at an average speed of 160
m/min, the the time taken by Maggie to complete the race will be expressed as;
Time = Distance/Speed
Time = 10000/160
Time = 62.5 minutes
If it took Tom 12.5 fewer minutes to complete the race, then the time taken by tom to finish the same race will be 62.5 - 12.5 = 50minutes.
To get Tom's average speed, we will use the same formula as above;
From Distance = Speed * Time
Speed = Distance/Time
Since both of them completed the same distance, distance covered by Tom is also 10000m
Tom's speed = 10000/50
Tom's speed = 200m/min
Hence Tom's average speed is 200m/min
Harold the Hurler is a physics student who is renowned for his baseball pitching arm. In order to determine the amount of work he performs in throwing a baseball, Harold devises an experiment. He stands at the bottom of a deep pit and hurls a 147 g
baseball through an open third‑floor window in a nearby building. Harold's aim is so accurate that the ball then smoothly enters the tube of the Baseball Absorber that Harold invented and patented. In this device, the ball compresses a spring until it comes momentarily to rest, and this maximum amount of compression is recorded as 44.7 cm.
The spring's force constant is 835 N/m,
and the position of the baseball's momentary rest is 7.43 m
above ground level. The point in the pit where the Hurler starts his pitch is 11.5 m
below ground level. How much work does Harold perform on the baseball? Take =9.80 m/s2.
Answers
Answer:
Harold performs 28.67 J of work on the baseball.
Help!! Or I get an F!!!
What planet could you jump the highest?
Answers
Answer:
Is Mercury an answer on your thing?
Explanation:
Mercury has the least amount of gravity, so therefore you can jump the highest on Mercury.
Answer:
Jupiter
Explanation:
Jupiter has more than 300 time the mass as earth. so, it's gravitational pull is stronger.
Hopefully this helps
What force will cause a displacement of 2m, while doing a work of 50J
Answers
Using the work done relation, the value of force is 25 Newton.
When a force is applied along a displacement, "work" in physics refers to the energy that is transported to or away from an object. The following situations include work: relocating a table. a door being pulled and pushed. Walking. raising a stone.
The work W that a force F traveling across a distance x exerts on an object is calculated using the formula W=Fs. If the object is moving in the opposite direction from how we expect it to, we add a minus sign.
Work done is equal to displacement times force.
50J = force × 2
f=50/2
Force = 25 Newton.
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Use the drop-down menus to identify the order of these images for the formation of our solar system. A collapsed nebula flattens into a disc. A collapsed solar nebula. An image of our solar system. nebula. An image of our solar system.
Answers
Answer: 2 1 3
is your answer
Explanation:
your'e welcome
Answer:
First one = 2
Second one = 1
Third one = 3
Explanation:
2 1 3
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a longitudinal wave is observed. Exactly 6 crests are observed to move past a given point in 9.1 s. Its wavelength is 2.4 m and its frequency is 0.66 HZ. What is the speed of the wave.
Answers
The speed of the longitudinal wave is 1.584 or approximately 1.6 meters per second.
What is a longitudinal wave?Longitudinal waves are waves in which the medium's vibration is parallel to the wave's travel direction and the medium's displacement is in the same direction as the wave's propagation.
Sound waves are one example of longitudinal waves. Waves of ultrasound P-waves from earthquakes
A longitudinal wave's key features include compression, rarefaction, wavelength, amplitude, period, and frequency.
To calculate the above answer multiply wavelength by frequency to get the speed of a wave.
That is:
2.4 x 0.66
= 1.584
Where the frequency is not given beforehand, you can divide 6 crests by 9.1 seconds to determine the frequency.
Hence, the speed of the longitudinal wave is 1.584 which is approximately 1.6.
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9. What could cause scientist to change their mind?
New technology allows for new understandings of old ideas
b. The findings are not popular with the public.
C.
The findings are not widely accepted as true.
d. No one has been able to prove they are right.
Answers
A car moves at a velocity of 8.5m/s. It then accelerates at a constant rage of 2.5m/s/s for a total time of 5 second. How fast is the car moving at the end of the 5 second
Answers
The car would be moving with a velocity of 21 m/s at the end of the five seconds.
We know that the first equation of motion is ⇒ v = u + at (i)
Here, the car moves with an initial velocity, u = 8.5 m/s (ii)
The car accelerates at a constant rate, a = 2.5 m/s² (iii)
The total time during this process, t = 5 seconds (iv)
Putting the values of the initial velocity, acceleration, and time (ii, iii, and iv) in equation (i), we get ⇒ v = 8.5 + (2.5)(5)
v = 21 m/s
Therefore, the car moves with a final velocity of 21 m/s at the end of the five seconds.
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black holes, by definition, cannot be observed directly. what observational evidence do scientists have of their existence?
Answers
Scientists have observational evidence of black holes through indirect methods, such as studying the effects of their strong gravitational pull on surrounding matter, detecting X-rays emitted from accretion disks.
Black holes, by definition, cannot be observed directly since no light or information can escape their gravitational pull. However, scientists have gathered compelling evidence for their existence through indirect observations. One such method involves studying the effects of black holes on surrounding matter. As matter falls into a black hole's gravitational field, it forms an accretion disk that emits X-rays detectable by space telescopes. Additionally, the detection of gravitational waves, ripples in spacetime caused by the acceleration of massive objects, provides strong evidence for the existence of black holes. Advanced detectors like LIGO and Virgo have successfully observed gravitational waves generated by black hole mergers, confirming their presence in the universe.
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Which device converts chemical energy directly into electrical energy?
A.
A battery
B.
A generator
C.
A light bulb
D.
A motor
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
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A delivery truck with 2.0m -high aluminum sides is driving west at 50km/hr in a region where the earth's magnetic field is B= (5.0 x 10^-5 T, north)
a. What is the potential difference between the top and the bottom of the truck's side panels? E= ____ V
Answers
The possible potential difference between the truck's top and bottom side panels is 1.39 x 10^-4 V.
The potential difference between two points in an electric circuit is given by the product of the magnetic field, the cross-sectional area of the conductor, and the component of velocity perpendicular to the magnetic field.
The potential difference between the top and bottom of the truck's side panels can be calculated using the following formula:
V = Blv
Where:
V = potential difference (V)
B = magnetic field (T)
l = length of conductor (m)
v = velocity of conductor perpendicular to the magnetic field (m/s)
Given that the magnetic field is B = (5.0 x 10^-5 T, north) and the truck is moving west at 50 km/hr = 13.89 m/s, the potential difference between the top and bottom of the truck's side panels can be calculated as:
V = Blv = (5.0 x 10^-5 T) * (2.0 m) * (13.89 m/s) = 1.39 x 10^-4 V
It is important to note that the magnetic field is pointing north and the truck is moving west, so the velocity of the truck is perpendicular to the magnetic field, which means that the potential difference is not zero. Also, it is important to note that the velocity of the truck is given in km/hr and needs to be converted to m/s before using it in the equation.
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a 1.7 m tall weightlifter holds a 780 n barbell above their head. how much work is being done on the bar
Answers
A 1.7 m tall weightlifter holds a 780 n barbell above their head. 1326 J work is being done on the bar .
work done = force * displacement
force = 780 N
displacement = 1.7 m
work = 780 * 1.7 = 1326 J
1326 J work is being done on the bar
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It is possible for a fault to have a N-S strike and an East dip False True
Answers
True, it is possible for a fault to have a north-south (N-S) strike and an eastward dip.
Faults can have various orientations and dips depending on the tectonic forces and geological conditions in a particular region. The strike refers to the direction of the fault line on the Earth's surface, while the dip indicates the angle at which the fault plane is inclined from the horizontal. Therefore, a fault can have any combination of strike and dip, including an N-S strike and an eastward dip.
Faults are geological fractures where movement has occurred, and their orientations can vary. A fault with a north-south (N-S) strike means it extends in that direction horizontally. The dip refers to the angle of the fault plane from the horizontal. So, it is possible for a fault to have an N-S strike and an eastward dip.
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Density of water is 1000 kg/m3 and that of glass is 2500 kg/m3 . The speed of light will be maximum in
1.Water
2.Glass
3.Same in both
Answers
Which of the following has the longest wave length and the lowest frequency
A.infrared waves
B.radio waves
C.x-ray waves
D.microwaves
Answers
Answer:
B. radio waves
Explanation:
Trust me It's correct
....,..................,..,.......
Answers
if load is 10 kn, cross sectionl area is 2 square mm, contact area = 5 square mm. what will be bearing stress?
Answers
The bearing stress in this scenario is 2 kN/mm². To calculate the bearing stress, we need to use the formula:
Bearing Stress = Load / Contact Area
Substituting the given values:
Bearing Stress = 10 kn / 5 square mm
Bearing Stress = 2 N/mm^2
It is important to note that bearing stress is a measure of the force per unit area exerted on the contact surface between two components. In this case, the load is distributed over an area of 5 square mm, resulting in a bearing stress of 2 N/mm^2. It is important to ensure that the bearing stress is within the allowable limits to prevent failure or damage to the components.
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What formula is used for the questions two forces of magnitude 5 Newton and 4 Newton act on a body of mass 4.0 kg at a right angle to each other determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the body
Answers
The magnitude of the acceleration of the body is approximately 1.802 m/s^2 when forces of magnitude 5 Newton and 4 Newton act on a body of mass 4.0 kg at a right angle to each other.
To determine the magnitude of the acceleration of a body when two forces act on it at a right angle, we can use the Pythagorean theorem and Newton's second law of motion.Newton's second law states that the net force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration (F = ma). In this case, the net force is the vector sum of the two forces acting on the body.Using the Pythagorean theorem, we can find the magnitude of the net force. Let's call the force with magnitude 5 Newton as F1 and the force with magnitude 4 Newton as F2. The net force (Fnet) can be calculated as the square root of the sum of the squares of the individual forces: Fnet = sqrt(F1^2 + F2^2).Now we can substitute the net force into Newton's second law to find the acceleration (a). Rearranging the formula, we have a = Fnet / m.Plugging in the values, Fnet = sqrt(5^2 + 4^2) = sqrt(25 + 16) = sqrt(41) Newtons. The mass (m) is given as 4.0 kg.
Finally, the magnitude of the acceleration of the body is calculated as a = Fnet / m = sqrt(41) / 4.0 ≈ 1.802 m/s^2.
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Question 5 of 25Radium-228 decays by alpha decay. Part of the nuclear equation is shownbelow. Fill in the blank with a number.Answer here88Ra→He +6Rn
Answers
In atomic notation, the number at the top represents atomic mass (the combined number of protons and neutrons). Two atoms that split from a larger atom must have the same combined atomic mass as the original atom.
228 = 4 + ?
? = 224
Convert 200 watt to decibels referenced to 1 milliwatt. a. 53dBW Ob. 53 dBm O c. 130 dBm O d. 100E3 W
Answers
A 200 watt to decibels is option (b) 53 dBm.
To convert 200 watts to decibels referenced to 1 milliwatt, we can use the formula:
dB = 10 * log10(P/Pref)
where P is the power being measured (in this case, 200 watts) and Pref is the reference power (1 milliwatt).
First, we need to convert 200 watts to milliwatts. Since 1 watt is equal to 1000 milliwatts, we have:
200 watts = 200 * 1000 = 200,000 milliwatts.
Now we can calculate the decibel value:
dB = 10 * log10(200,000/1)
dB = 10 * log10(200,000)
Using a calculator, the result is approximately 53 dB.
The decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit used to express the ratio of two power levels. In this case, we are comparing the power of 200 watts to the reference power of 1 milliwatt. By converting the power to decibels, we can more easily express and compare power levels on a logarithmic scale. In telecommunications and electronics, dBm is often used, which is a decibel measurement referenced to 1 milliwatt. In this context, 53 dBm indicates that the power of 200 watts is 53 decibels higher than 1 milliwatt.
Therefore, the answer is option (b) 53 dBm.
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