Answer:
Speed V1 at the beginning of the skid = 57.075 mph
Explanation:
Calculate the V1 speed at the beginning of the skid
V1 ( speed before brake was applied ) = ?
distance travelled by Vehicle 1 = 195 ft
curve tangent for vehicle 1 = - 3% = - 0.03
coefficient of friction = 0.48
speed at Impact = 25 mph
To determine the V1 speed at the beginning of the skid we have to apply AASTHO
d1 = \(( \frac{VA^{2} - VA^{12} }{30(F+N)} )\)
195 = \((\frac{VA^2- 25^2}{30(0.48-0.03)} )\)
Hence : VA = 57.075 mph
What is unrefined ore sample?
An unrefined ore sample is a natural rock or mineral that has been extracted from the earth's crust and contains one or more valuable minerals or metals.
Explain, what is an unrefined ore sample in detail?
It has not undergone any processing or refining to extract the valuable materials it contains.
Unrefined ore samples can vary in composition and concentration of minerals or metals, and may contain impurities or other materials that need to be removed through refining processes before the desired minerals or metals can be extracted for commercial or industrial use.
The analysis of unrefined ore samples is an important step in the mining and mineral processing industries, as it allows geologists and mineralogists to identify the types of minerals or metals present, their quantities, and the best methods to extract and refine them.
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1. The term lefty loosey, righty tighty is used to prevent what?
Answer:
Used to recall the direction a standard screw
A student used a 500-ml graduated cylinder to measure the volume of water in a 1-cup measure. three trials of the measurement gave volumes of 240 ml, 242 ml, and 235 ml. What is the average of the three measurements?
Answer:
239 mL
Explanation:
The average of any set of data is the sum of the values, divided by their number.
v = (240 +242 +235)/3 = 717/3 = 239 . . . mL
The average of the three measurements is 239 mL.
what traditional operatic feature is missing from alban berg’s opera wozzeck?
Traditional recitative is missing from Alban Berg's opera Wozzeck.
What operatic element does Wozzeck lack?In Alban Berg's opera Wozzeck, one traditional operatic feature that is notably absent is recitative. Recitative is a style of singing that lies between speech and melody, typically used to advance the plot and convey dialogue in operas. Unlike many other operas, Wozzeck relies heavily on a through-composed structure, where the music flows continuously without distinct recitative passages.
This departure from traditional operatic conventions contributes to the unique and innovative nature of Wozzeck. Instead of using recitative, Berg employs a wide range of musical techniques and expressionistic motifs to depict the emotional turmoil and psychological depth of the characters, resulting in a highly dramatic and impactful opera.
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The state of plane stress at a point on a body can be depicted by the Mohr's circle below. Point X has coordinates (13,-29) MPa and point Y has coordinates(-18, 29) MPa. Determine the normal and shear stresses associated with a rotation of the stress element θ 25°. Remember that a negative sign indicates a clockwise rotation and a positive sign indicates a counter- clockwise rotation. Note that you can use the Mohr's circle to obtain your answers graphically or you can apply the stress transformation equations.
The state of plane stress at a point on a body can be depicted by the Mohr's circle below. Point X has coordinates (13,-29) MPa and point Y has coordinates(-18, 29) MPa. The normal and sheer stresses are
б\(_{x'}\)= -14.752080900309004 MPa
б\(_{y'}\) =9.752080900309004 MPa
T\(_{x' y'}\)= -30.5145295492538 MPa
What is a Mohr's Circle?
A two-dimensional graph of the transformation law for the Cauchy stress tensor is called Mohr's circle. Calculations in mechanical engineering for the strength of materials, geotechnical engineering for the strength of soils, and structural engineering for the strength of built structures frequently use Mohr's circle.
Additionally, by breaking down stresses into their vertical and horizontal components, it is utilized to calculate stresses in many different planes. In order to discover the principle planes and the principal stresses in a graphical representation, one of the simplest methods is to use Mohr's circle. These are known as principal planes in which principal stresses are calculated.
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the three individual navigation services provided by a vortac facility are
The three individual navigation services provided by a VORTAC facility are as follows:VOR (Very High-Frequency Omnidirectional Range)DME (Distance Measuring Equipment)TACAN (Tactical Air Navigation).
A VORTAC facility is a ground-based radio navigation aid that provides aircraft with directional guidance.The term "VORTAC" refers to the combination of two navigation aids:VOR (Very High-Frequency Omnidirectional Range)TACAN (Tactical Air Navigation)A VORTAC provides three separate navigation services: VOR (Very High-Frequency Omnidirectional Range), DME (Distance Measuring Equipment), and TACAN (Tactical Air Navigation).
Each navigation aid uses a different type of radio signal to provide pilots with the information they need to navigate.A VOR provides azimuth (directional) information to the aircraft. It is based on the principle of measuring the phase difference between two signals transmitted from the ground station.
A VOR provides a 360-degree coverage around the station.DME (Distance Measuring Equipment) is an additional component of a VOR/TACAN that provides pilots with slant range distance information from the aircraft to the ground station.
TACAN (Tactical Air Navigation) is a military navigation aid that provides both azimuth and distance information. It is similar to a VOR/DME, but uses a different type of signal. TACAN provides both azimuth (directional) and distance (range) information to the aircraft.
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A rectangular channel 3-m-wide carries 12 m^3/s at a depth of 90cm. Is the flow subcritical or supercritical? For the same flowrate, what depth will five critical flow?
Answer:
Super critical
1.2 m
Explanation:
Q = Flow rate = \(12\ \text{m}^3/\text{s}\)
w = Width = 3 m
d = Depth = 90 cm = 0.9 m
A = Area = wd
v = Velocity
g = Acceleration due to gravity = \(9.81\ \text{m/s}^2\)
\(Q=Av\\\Rightarrow v=\dfrac{Q}{wd}\\\Rightarrow v=\dfrac{12}{3\times 0.9}\\\Rightarrow v=4.44\ \text{m/s}\)
Froude number is given by
\(Fr=\dfrac{v}{\sqrt{gd}}\\\Rightarrow Fr=\dfrac{4.44}{\sqrt{9.81\times 0.9}}\\\Rightarrow F_r=1.5\)
Since \(F_r>1\) the flow is super critical.
Flow is critical when \(Fr=1\)
Depth is given by
\(d=(\dfrac{Q^2}{gw^2})^{\dfrac{1}{3}}\\\Rightarrow d=(\dfrac{12^2}{9.81\times 3^2})^{\dfrac{1}{3}}\\\Rightarrow d=1.2\ \text{m}\)
The depth of the channel will be 1.2 m for critical flow.
In Databrawl, what team is most powerful?
A) Virus
B) Malware
C) Firewall security
D) Programs
Answer:
I would say Firewall security. Malware is pretty corrupting, but the firewall I think is good for protection if you have a good one.
Explanation:
A gas is contained in a vertical, frictionless piston– cylinder device. The piston has a mass of 3.2 kg and a crosssectional area of 35 cm2. A compressed spring above the piston exerts a force of 150 N on the piston. If the atmospheric pressure is 95 kPa. Determine the pressure inside the cylinder.
Answer:
Pressure = 51.8 x 10³ Pa = 51.8 KPa
Explanation:
First, we calculate the total force exerted on the piston:
Total Force = Force Exerted by Spring + Weight of Piston
Total Force = 150 N + (mass)(g)
Total Force = 150 N + (3.2 kg)(9.8 m/s²)
Total Force = 150 N + 31.36 N
Total Force = 181.36 N
Now, for cross-sectional area of piston:
Area = (35 cm²)(1 x 10⁻⁴ m²/1 cm²)
Area = 0.0035 m²
Now, for pressure inside the cylinder:
Pressure = Total Force/Area
Pressure = 181.36 N/0.0035 m²
Pressure = 51.8 x 10³ Pa = 51.8 KPa
Elana has opened a new aerobics studio in her area. How might Elana use social media as a market to spread the word about her new studio? Make a list of hashtags that Elana might use to attract interest to her posts.
Answer:
A list of hashtags that will help Elena's aerobic studio are:
Explanation:
#aerobics #aerobicsstudio #workout #gym #fitness #exercise #burnout #dance #lifestyle #healthylifestyle #yoga #motivation #weightloss #slimfit #health #livinghealthy #cardio #cardiohealth #hearthealth #funworkout #cardiodance #fitnessdance #bodybalance #burncalories #hitworkout
Unlike most recovery machines in service today, recovery machines used with R-1234yf must ___________.
Unlike most recovery machines in service today, recovery machines used with R-1234yf must be specifically designed and approved for use with this refrigerant.
What you should know about RefrigerantR-1234yf is a new refrigerant that has been developed to replace R-134a in automotive air conditioning systems.
Characteristics of R-1234yf
It has a lower global warming potential it is considered more environmentally friendlyIt is also classified as mildly flammableRecovery machines used with this refrigerant must meet specific safety standards and be approved for use with flammable refrigerants. This is to ensure that the recovery process is safe and does not pose a risk of fire or explosion.
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The angle of attack of a wing directly controls the A) angle of incidence of the wing. B) amount of airflow above and below the wing. C) distribution of pressures acting on the wing.
The angle of attack of a wing directly controls the C) distribution of pressures acting on the wing.
When the angle of attack of a wing is increased, the air moving over the curved upper surface of the wing must travel a greater distance and faster than the air moving beneath the wing's flat lower surface. This creates an area of lower air pressure above the wing and an area of higher air pressure beneath the wing, resulting in lift. The greater the angle of attack, the greater the lift produced.
However, if the angle of attack is too great, the airflow over the wing may separate, causing a loss of lift and potentially leading to a stall. Therefore, proper control of the angle of attack is crucial for safe and efficient flight.
Option C is answer.
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The man and his bicycle together weigh 200 lb. What power P is the man developing in riding Spercent grade at a constant speed of 15 mi /hr? (1mi- 5280 ft) and (44 f/s-30 mi/h) (0) 220 A-bise (b) 4400 f-lb/sec (o) 2200 -Jbisee 0 wy :987 .6 (d) 189 fl-lb/sec 15 mu
Therefore, the correct answer is (o) 2200 -Jbisee 0 wy :987 .6 (rounded to the nearest whole number).
To solve this problem, we need to use the formula for power:
Power = force x velocity
First, we need to find the force that the man is exerting. We know that the total weight of the man and his bicycle is 200 lb. On a S percent grade, this weight will be resolved into two components: one parallel to the surface (the force that propels the man forward) and one perpendicular to the surface (the force of gravity). The parallel component is equal to the weight times the sine of the angle of the grade:
Force parallel = 200 lb x sin(S)
Next, we need to find the velocity of the man. We are given that he is riding at a constant speed of 15 mi/hr. To convert this to feet per second, we can use the conversion factor:
15 mi/hr x (1 hr/60 min) x (1 min/60 sec) x (5280 ft/1 mi) = 22 ft/s
Now we can plug in these values to the formula for power:
Power = Force parallel x velocity
Power = (200 lb x sin(S)) x 22 ft/s
We are not given the value of S in the problem, so we cannot calculate the exact value of power. However, we can see that the answer choices are all in different units of power. To convert our answer to the correct unit, we can use the conversion factor:
1 f-lb/sec = 1.356 J/s
So we need to convert our answer from ft-lb/sec to J/s:
Power = (200 lb x sin(S)) x 22 ft/s
Power = 4400 lb-ft/s x (1.356 J/s)/(1 ft-lb/s)
Power = 5960.8 J/s
Rounding this to the nearest whole number, we get:
Power = 5961 J/s
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individually, please complete the following: Define Requirements WBS (3 levels) WBS Dictionary for 10 items A document explaining your quality management plan Quality Assurance tests you would complete Quality Control measures you would use to test your quality assurance Situation: You have been asked to create a software for a bank to manage its accounting entries and submit documents to CRA for tax purposes. The PM that was supposed to lead the project left the company. You have 1 year to complete the project or face a $10,000 penalty per day. The primary objectives are: Train all employees on the new software Focus on daily bank transactions Reporting to CRA on a weekly basis Encrypt the personal data of customers Integrate into the bank mobile app Manage a group of 15 developers, 25 QA and 5 functional staff HINT: Read the basic concepts of SDLC. You are not expected to know Agile but you should be able to think about how to run this project in an optimal manner to meet the deadline. Submit 1 document in PDF format. Please provide a title page with all project member names and student numbers.
Requirements:Requirements are what the software system should do and how it should behave, it will assist you in organizing the project more effectively.
The functional and non-functional requirements should be documented. Functional requirements outline what the system is supposed to do, while non-functional requirements outline how the system should behave.
WBS (3 Levels):WBS (work breakdown structure) is a hierarchical chart that outlines the project's components and subcomponents. Each level of the WBS represents a lower level of detail, it is used to break down the entire project into small and manageable work components.
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What lives at layer 3 (the network layer) of the OSI model?
Layer 3 of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model, known as the network layer, is responsible for providing end-to-end communication between hosts in different networks.
The network layer is responsible for routing and forwarding data packets across different networks, as well as handling addressing and logical connectivity.
The main entities that live at layer 3 (the network layer) of the OSI model include:
Routers: Routers are network devices that operate at the network layer and are responsible for forwarding data packets between different networks. They use routing tables and protocols to determine the best path for data packets to reach their destination across multiple networks.
IP (Internet Protocol): IP is a network layer protocol that provides logical addressing and routing functionality. It is responsible for assigning unique IP addresses to devices on a network, and for routing data packets based on those IP addresses.
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): ICMP is a network layer protocol that is used for sending error messages and operational information about network conditions. It is often used for diagnostic purposes, such as ping and traceroute, to check the connectivity and status of network devices.
Network Addressing: Layer 3 is also responsible for assigning and managing IP addresses, which are used to uniquely identify devices on a network.
Subnetting and VLANs: Layer 3 may also involve subnetting and VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks), which are used for network segmentation and management to improve efficiency and security.
In summary, layer 3 of the OSI model includes routers, IP, ICMP, network addressing, and other protocols and technologies that are responsible for routing, addressing, and logical connectivity in a network.
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tech a says that black exhaust indicates a very rich-running engine. tech b says that white exhaust can indicate coolant in the exhaust. who is correct?
Since tech A says that black exhaust indicates a very rich-running engine is false and since tech b says that white exhaust can indicate coolant in the exhaust, Tech B is correct.
What does it mean when your exhaust pipe is black?Black exhaust smoke is known to be one that can show up if the vehicle is said to be burning too much fuel.
Note that this situation could be as a result of a clogged air filter, the malfunctioning of the fuel injection system, a blocked manifold, or other forms of issues.
Therefore, Since tech A says that black exhaust indicates a very rich-running engine is false and since tech b says that white exhaust can indicate coolant in the exhaust, Tech B is correct.
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Compute the volume percent of graphite, VGr, in a 2.5 wt% C cast iron, assuming that all the carbon exists as the graphite phase. Assume densities of 7.9 and 2.3 g/cm3 for ferrite and graphite, respectively.
Answer:
The volume percent of graphite is 91.906 per cent.
Explanation:
The volume percent of graphite (\(\% V_{Gr}\)) is determined by the following expression:
\(\%V_{Gr} = \frac{V_{Gr}}{V_{Gr}+V_{Fe}} \times 100\,\%\)
\(\%V_{Gr} = \frac{1}{1+\frac{V_{Gr}}{V_{Fe}} }\times 100\,\%\)
Where:
\(V_{Gr}\) - Volume occupied by the graphite phase, measured in cubic centimeters.
\(V_{Fe}\) - Volume occupied by the ferrite phase, measured in cubic centimeters.
The volume of each phase can be calculated in terms of its density and mass. That is:
\(V_{Gr} = \frac{m_{Gr}}{\rho_{Gr}}\)
\(V_{Fe} = \frac{m_{Fe}}{\rho_{Fe}}\)
Where:
\(m_{Gr}\), \(m_{Fe}\) - Masses of the graphite and ferrite phases, measured in grams.
\(\rho_{Gr}\), \(\rho_{Fe}\) - Densities of the graphite and ferrite phases, measured in grams per cubic centimeter.
Let substitute each volume in the definition of the volume percent of graphite:
\(\%V_{Gr} = \frac{1}{1 +\frac{\frac{m_{Gr}}{\rho_{Gr}} }{\frac{m_{Fe}}{\rho_{Fe}} } } \times 100\,\%\)
\(\%V_{Gr} = \frac{1}{1+\left(\frac{m_{Gr}}{m_{Fe}} \right)\cdot \left(\frac{\rho_{Fe}}{\rho_{Gr}} \right)}\times 100\,\%\)
Let suppose that 100 grams of cast iron are available, masses of each phase are now determined:
\(m_{Gr} = \frac{2.5}{100}\times (100\,g)\)
\(m_{Gr} = 2.5\,g\)
\(m_{Fe} = 100\,g - 2.5\,g\)
\(m_{Fe} = 97.5\,g\)
If \(m_{Gr} = 2.5\,g\), \(m_{Fe} = 97.5\,g\), \(\rho_{Fe} = 7.9\,\frac{g}{cm^{3}}\) and \(\rho_{Gr} = 2.3\,\frac{g}{cm^{3}}\), the volume percent of graphite is:
\(\%V_{Gr} = \frac{1}{1+\left(\frac{2.5\,gr}{97.5\,gr} \right)\cdot \left(\frac{7.9\,\frac{g}{cm^{3}} }{2.3\,\frac{g}{cm^{3}} } \right)} \times 100\,\%\)
\(\% V_{Gr} = 91.906\,\%\)
The volume percent of graphite is 91.906 per cent.
Arc blow typically occurs in steel and metals that contain iron.
True or false
Answer: True
Explanation: Iron is magnetic
Answer:
a
Explanation:
because if you do its right
. Let X be a random variable with the probability mass function: [15 points]
f(x)=3 0
x = 1,2,3
elsewhere
Determine the expected value of X. 5 points b. Determine the standard deviation of X. 5 points
a
C.
Find the probability mass function of the random variable Y = 2X-1.5 points
The probability mass function of the random variable Y = 2X-1.5 points is \(f_Y(5) = f_X(3) = 1/6\)
How to solvea. To find E(X), multiply each value of x by its probability and add them.
\(E(X) = \sum [x * f(x)] = (1 * 3/6) + (2 * 2/6) + (3 * 1/6) = 1.5\)
b. To find σ of X, compute Var(X):
\(Var(X) = E(X^2) - (E(X))^2\\E(X^2) = \sum [x^2 * f(x)] = (1 * 3/6) + (4 * 2/6) + (9 * 1/6) = 3\\Var(X) = 3 - 1.5^2 = 0.75\)
σ = √Var(X) = √0.75 ≈ 0.87
c. Find P(Y).
\(f_Y(y) = f_X((y + 1) / 2) for y = 1, 3, 5\)
\(f_Y(1) = f_X(1) = 3/6\)
\(f_Y(3) = f_X(2) = 2/6\)
\(f_Y(5) = f_X(3) = 1/6\)
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A motor hoists a 50-kg crate at constant speed to a height of h=6 m in 3 s. if the indicated power of the motor is 4 kw. Determine the motor's efficiency.
Answer:
24.52% efficiency
Explanation:
Knowns:
Mass = 50 kg
Height = 6 m
Time = 3 s
Indicated Power = 4 kW = 4000 W
Acceleration Due to Gravity = 9.81 m/s^2
Actual Power = Potential Energy / Time = mgh / t
Actual Power = (50 kg * 9.81 m/s^2 * 6 m) / 3 s = 981 W
Motor Efficiency = (Actual Power / Indicated Power) * 100 = (981 W / 4000 W) * 100 = 24.52%
In an experiment to determine relative velocities of a feather, ball, and anvil, what is the object called?
relative variable
control variable
dependent variable
independent variable
need urgent help!!
Determine the point(s) P on the line e with equation x−6 = ( y−3)/4 = ( 1−z)/3
for which the line connecting P with Q(2, −6, 5) is perpendicular to e.
The quartiles divide a set of observations into four portions, each representing 25% of the observations, together with the minimum and maximum values of the data set. The interquartile range, a measurement of variation around the median, is calculated using quartiles.
How are quartiles determined?In order to quartile a set of data with n items (numbers), we choose the n/4th, n/2nd, and n/4th items. Interpolation between the adjacent items is used if indexes n/4, n/2, or 3n/4 are not integers.For instance, the first quartile Q1 of ordered data is the 25th item, the second quartile Q2 is the 50th item, and the third quartile Q3 is the 75th item. The fourth quartile Q4 would be the highest item of data, and the zeroth quartile Q0 would be the minimum item; however, these extreme quartiles are referred to as the minimum and maximum of a set, respectively.Calculation:Statistical file: {2, -6, 5}
Quartile Q1: -6
Quartile Q2: 2
Quartile Q3: 5.
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Which of the following is true about silicosis?
A. The damage it causes can be reversed
B. It is not a serious concern for construction workers
C. It causes only minor damage to the lungs
D. The damage it causes is irreversible
Answer:
D. The damage it causes is irreversible
Explanation:
Silicosis is a long term lung disease caused by crystalline silica dust inhalation. There is no cure, and once the damage is done it cannot be reversed.
------------------
Like stated above, the damage is irreversible. Option A is incorrect.
Construction workers are constantly moving to build whatever they're working on. The disease will make it hard to breathe and will have a heavy effect on their lungs, preventing them from properly doing their jobs. Additionally, it's possible to get the disease from this job since you're constantly inhaling dust particles.
Silicosis does major damage to the lungs. The dust particles are attacked by the immune system which causes inflammation and eventually leads to areas of hardened and scarred lung tissue.
Thus, the best option is D.
hope this helps :)
Project regarding "Dynamic price optimization of airline" code
I want a project regarding this
A Project that is using "Dynamic price optimization of airline" code is explain below.
What is the Dynamic price optimization in the above case?Dynamic price optimization for airlines involves using data and algorithms to adjust the prices of airline tickets in real-time based on demand and other factors.
The example of a project that uses dynamic price optimization is:
Imagine you are the manager of a small airline that operates flights between two cities. You want to maximize your revenue by selling as many tickets as possible at the highest price possible. To do this, you decide to implement a dynamic pricing system that adjusts the prices of your tickets based on demand.
To start, you collect data on past ticket sales and other factors that may affect demand, such as the time of year, the day of the week, and the weather. You also gather data on the prices of tickets offered by your competitors.
Later on, you use machine learning algorithms to analyze this data and identify patterns that can help predict demand for your flights. Based on this analysis, you create a model that can adjust the prices of your tickets in real-time based on the predicted demand.
Therefore, to implement the dynamic pricing system, you create a software program that integrates with your ticketing system and automatically adjusts the prices of your tickets based on the predictions made by your model. You also set up a system to monitor the performance of your dynamic pricing system and make adjustments as needed.
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The color commonly used for informational signs is ___________
A. Green
B. Red
C. Yellow
D.Blue
Blue: Signs and labels that provide information about a particular item or location typically use the color blue. It is not required that this information be related to safety.
What is safety color?The regulated or best practice method of using colors for workplace safety purposes is referred to as a "safety color." OSHA and ANSI are two organizations that have established a lot of standards for how to use safety colors correctly.
The basic colors do a great job of making workers aware of any potential dangers in the facility. These signs not only raise awareness, but they also provide employees with the information they require to safeguard themselves in the event of danger. Visual communication can help enforce PPE regulations, follow manufacturing procedures in the workplace, and even stop unauthorized employees from entering restricted areas.
Although numerous agencies and organizations give safety colors various meanings, many of them share significant meanings. This is done with the intention of making sure that standards apply to as many different situations as possible.
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A closed section will have a/an
a. top surface.
b. bottom surface.
c. interior surface.
d. side surface
Answer:
b
Explanation:
A closed section will have a bottom surface.
what is the risk value of a risk whose impact score is 5, whose probability score is 5 and whose detection score is 1?
The risk value of a risk whose impact score is 5, with a probability score is 5. The detection score is 25. The correct option is D.
What is the risk?The analysis's output, the risk score, is produced by dividing the Risk Impact Rating by the Risk Probability. It's the quantitative statistic that enables important individuals to decide about risks swiftly and with confidence.
Risk = probability x loss
The probability is 5
The impact score is 5
substituting the values in the equation
Risk = 5 x 5 = 25
Therefore, the correct option is D. 25.
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The question is incomplete. Your most probably complete question is given below:
A. 5
B. 1
C. 10
D. 25
differentiate between personal safety, machine safety and tools safety in a workshop
Answer:
Here are the differences between personal safety, machine safety, and tools safety in a workshop:
Personal Safety
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as safety glasses, gloves, and a hard hat.Be aware of your surroundings and avoid distractions.Never work alone.Report any hazards to your supervisor.Machine Safety
Read and follow all operating instructions for each machine.Use the correct machine for the job.Make sure all guards and safety devices are in place and working properly.Do not overload machines.Keep machines clean and free of debris.Tools Safety
Use the correct tool for the job.Make sure tools are in good working order.Inspect tools before each use.Store tools properly.Do not use tools that are damaged or not working properly.Here are some additional tips for staying safe in a workshop:
Always be aware of your surroundings and avoid distractions.Never work alone.Report any hazards to your supervisor.Use the correct personal protective equipment (PPE).Read and follow all operating instructions for each machine.Use the correct machine for the job.Make sure all guards and safety devices are in place and working properly.Do not overload machines.Keep machines clean and free of debris.Inspect tools before each use.Store tools properly.Do not use tools that are damaged or not working properly.By following these safety tips, you can help to prevent accidents and injuries in the workshop.
Problem 4 (ECE 345 Final Exam, Fall 2017). Consider the system y n] = Teven n that outputs the even part of a function. Determine whether or not this system is memoryless, time-invariant, linear, or stable.
The system y[n] = Teven[n] is memoryless, time-invariant, linear, and stable. In this case, the system is only processing the even part of the function, which implies that it satisfies both superposition and homogeneity. Therefore, the system is linear.
To determine the properties of the system y[n] = Teven[n] that outputs the even part of a function, we can analyze its characteristics:
Memoryless: A system is memoryless if its output at a given time only depends on the input at that same time. In this case, since the system is processing the even part of the function, it does not require memory or past values. Therefore, the system is memoryless.
Time-invariant: A system is time-invariant if a time shift in the input results in the same time shift in the output. In this case, if the input signal is delayed or advanced in time, the system will still output the even part of that shifted input. Therefore, the system is time-invariant.
Linear: A system is linear if it satisfies the properties of superposition and homogeneity. Superposition means that the response to the sum of two inputs is equal to the sum of the individual responses to those inputs. Homogeneity means that scaling the input results in a proportional scaling of the output.
Stability: Stability refers to the boundedness of the output when the input is bounded. In this case, since the system is processing the even part of the function, it does not introduce any additional amplification or instability. Therefore, the system is stable.
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2- An industrial robot performs a machine loading and unloading operation. A PLC is used as the cell controller. The cell operates as follows: (1) a human worker places a part into a nest, (2) the robot reaches over and picks up the part and places it into an induction heating coil, (3) a time of 10 sec is allowed for the heating operation, and (4) the robot reaches into the coil, retrieves the part, and places it on an outgoing conveyor. A limit switch X1 (normally open) is used to indicate that the part is in the nest in step (1). This energizes output contact Y1 to signal the robot to execute step (2) of the work cycle (this is an output contact for the PLC, but an input interlock signal for the robot controller). A photocell X2 is used to indicate that the part has been placed into the induction heating coil C1. Timer T1 is used to provide the 10-sec heating cycle in step (3), at the end of which, output contact Y2 is used to signal the robot to execute step (4). Construct the ladder logic diagram for the system.
In the ladder logic diagram, X1 and X2 represent the limit switch and photocell sensors, respectively, while Y1 and Y2 represent the output signals sent to the robot to initiate its actions.
How to explain the diagramThe timer T1 is used to provide the 10-second delay required for the heating operation.
When the part is in the nest, X1 is closed, and Y1 is energized, indicating to the robot to reach over and pick up the part. Once the part is picked up, X2 detects the presence of the part in the heating coil, and the timer T1 is started. After the 10-second heating cycle, Y2 is energized, indicating to the robot to retrieve the part from the coil and place it on the outgoing conveyor.
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