the length of time in which 90% of a bacterial population will be killed at a given temperature is called

Metabolic pathways that make available raw materials from which other molecules can be synthesized and that provide chemical energy required for many cell activities are known as Catabolism.

Catabolism may be defined as the process by which the energy gained by the individual is synthesized within the body of the individual. An individual eats food which provides energy to the body. The vitamins, proteins and minerals present in the food items are broken down into simpler molecules as they are in the form of complex molecules. This breaking involves the release of energy. This energy is released in the form of small energy packets known as Adenosine triphosphate or ATP. Proteins are broken down into Amino acids, Polysaccharides into Monosaccharides, Nucleic acids into nucleotides and then nucleosides and fatty acids into lipids.

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Microvilli and villi increase the surface area of epithelial cells in order to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials.

Microvilli are tiny, finger-like projections on the surface of cells, while villi are larger, finger-like projections that are found in organs such as the small intestine. These structures increase the surface area available for nutrient absorption, allowing for more efficient absorption of extracellular materials. Additionally, specialized cells called absorptive cells within the villi and microvilli have specific transporters and channels that facilitate the movement of molecules across the cell membrane.

Microvilli are cellular structures that increase the surface area of cells, allowing them to absorb extracellular materials more effectively. These tiny, finger-like projections extend from the cell membrane and play a crucial role in processes such as nutrient absorption and secretion. By increasing the surface area, microvilli provide a larger area for materials to be absorbed, facilitating more efficient absorption of nutrients and other substances.

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The bacteria is growing by a factor of 2 every hour from 1 p.m. to 11 p.m. The function below shows the number of bacterial cells, f(x), after x hours from 1 p.m.: f(x) = 20(2)*.

The reasonable domain for the function is 1≤x≤ 11.Domain of a function:The domain of a function is the set of all possible values of the independent variable (often x) for which the function is defined. A reasonable domain for a function is a set of values that make sense in the context of the problem.

In the given function f(x) = 20(2)*, x is the number of hours after 1 p.m

Therefore, x cannot be negative as it represents time. Furthermore, the domain cannot extend beyond 11 hours as the problem mentions that the bacteria is growing from 1 p.m. to 11 p.m.So, the reasonable domain for the function is 1≤x≤ 11.Answer: B. 1≤x≤ 11

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Answer:

3

Explanation:

A and D only

B and E only

A, C, and D only

A, B, C, D, and E

Mark this and return

Early hominins walked on two legs is the answer.

Laetoli's footprint provides a clear snapshot of early Hominini bipedalism with slightly but significantly different limb postures. These data support the hypothesis that significant evolutionary changes in Hominini bipedalism occurred 36 million years ago.

Laetoli is a prehistoric site in the Enduleni district of the Ngorongoro district in the Arusha region of Tanzania. The site dates from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene and is famous for its Hominini footprints preserved in volcanic ash. The location of Laetoli's footprints is 45 km south of the Olduvai Gorge.

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The answer is:

b

step by step

Answer:

Produce 2 Diploid cells

Produce 4 Haploid cells

Produce gametes

Resulting cells are unique

Homologous chromosomes pair up

Crossing over occurs

Explanation:

I have a Biology book and found the answers in there.

Infants are able to express emotions like joy, sadness, and even fear through their body language and facial expressions.

The fact that many modalities are used by both nonhuman monkey species and human species during communication is a shared trait. We communicate using gestures, voice, and face signals, as well as vocal tones and facial expressions. Both verbal and nonverbal communication are used. Verbal communication refers to exchanging information directly by words, speaking, writing, or other ways.

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Answer:

During photosynthesis, the biological macromolecule glucose is produced. Glucose is a simple sugar that is made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Answer:

B. Species Y is better adapted to this environment.

The biosafety cabinet provides the necessary protection for personnel, products, and the environment, reducing the risk of laboratory-acquired infections. Remember to consult the specific guidelines and protocols established by your laboratory to ensure compliance with safety regulations.

To ensure that a biosafety cabinet can provide personnel, product, and environment protection before and after each use, as well as prevent laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs), the following steps should be taken:

1. Pre-use preparations:
- Check that the cabinet is clean and free of any visible contamination.
- Ensure that all supplies and equipment needed for the procedure are available and organized.
- Verify that the cabinet is properly functioning, including the airflows and filters.

2. During use:
- Adhere to good aseptic techniques, such as proper handwashing and wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves, lab coats, and masks.
- Place items inside the cabinet without overcrowding to allow for proper airflow and containment.
- Avoid unnecessary movements that could disrupt the airflow within the cabinet.

3. Post-use procedures:
- Decontaminate the work surface and any items used within the cabinet using appropriate disinfectants.
- Remove and dispose of all disposable materials properly.
- Clean and disinfect the cabinet thoroughly, paying special attention to frequently touched surfaces like knobs and handles.
- Allow sufficient time for the cabinet to dry before the next use.

4. Regular maintenance and monitoring:
- Follow the laboratory's schedule for routine maintenance and certification of the biosafety cabinet.
- Keep a record of maintenance and certification activities.
- Monitor the cabinet's performance indicators, such as airflow velocity and filter integrity, to ensure proper functioning.

By following these steps, you can ensure that the biosafety cabinet provides the necessary protection for personnel, products, and the environment, reducing the risk of laboratory-acquired infections. Remember to consult the specific guidelines and protocols established by your laboratory to ensure compliance with safety regulations.

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Answer:

answer is a

Explanation:

a

The following is true about Peptidoglycan - A. Makes up the cell wall of prokaryotes

Peptidoglycan

is a rigid envelope surrounding the cytoplasmic membrane of most bacterial species. It helps protect bacterial cells from environmental stress and helps preserve cell morphology throughout their life cycle

Thus, The following is true about Peptidoglycan - A. Makes up the cell wall of prokaryotes

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Paternal care is an uncommon behavioral adaptation among primate groups is false.

Paternal care is a behavioural  particularity  set up in a variety of primate species. Indeed, primates are recognised for their complex social systems and deep interpersonal  connections, which can involve both  mama  and paternal caregivers.   While  mama  care is  constantly more  ferocious and constant across primate species,  manly care can also be critical to  seed survival and well- being.

Fathers may indeed  give the  maturity of  minding for their  kiddies in some primate  lines.   Depending on the species and the individual ecological and social circumstances that determine their , paternal care can take  numerous  colorful forms. In certain primate species, for  illustration, daddies may carry their  seed on their  tails or share  refections with them, but in others, they may not.

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Answer:The Earth's mantle

Explanation:

Answer:

cell of a tissue have similar structure

Explanation:

the cell is the basic structural functional and biological unit of all know organisms there are different shapes of the cells

Answer:

Whether you've got a mild ache, sharp pain, or cramps, abdominal pain can have many causes. For instance, you might have indigestion, constipation, a stomach virus, or, if you're a woman, menstrual cramps.  You may also get abdominal pain if you're lactose intolerant or have ulcers or pelvic inflammatory disease.

Explanation:

There are several types of protists that are autotrophs and are capable of photosynthesis. Some of the most common ones include diatoms, dinoflagellates, and euglenoids.

Diatoms are unicellular algae that have cell walls made of silica and are found in freshwater and marine environments. Dinoflagellates are also unicellular algae and are found in marine and freshwater environments. They are known for their ability to form harmful algal blooms.

                                Euglenoids are unicellular organisms that are found in freshwater environments and are known for their unique ability to switch between autotrophy and heterotrophy depending on the availability of nutrients. All of these protists use chloroplasts to perform photosynthesis and are an important source of food for many aquatic organisms.
                                       the primary group of protists that fit this description are algae. Algae are autotrophic protists that use photosynthesis to produce energy, making them essential components of aquatic ecosystems. Some common types of algae include green algae, diatoms, and dinoflagellates. These protists contain chlorophyll and other pigments that enable them to capture sunlight and convert it into energy through the process of photosynthesis.

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Glial cell is the part of the nervous system helps maintain homeostasis by providing nutrients and support to living neurons while also helping digest dead neurons.

There are different types of the glial cells which have different functions. The oligodendrocytes serve to speed up the condition of action potential by formation of myelin sheath around the axon.

Microglia are the glial cells that detect and kill the foreign invaders of neurons. Astrocytes are the glial cells that provide nutrients to neurons, hold them in place and digest the dead neurons.

Therefore, Glial cell is the part of the nervous system helps maintain homeostasis by providing nutrients and support to living neurons while also helping digest dead neurons.

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Answer:

;f,;lg,lfm,pf

Explanation:

Answer:

false

Explanation:

Mitosis is used to produce daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cells. The cell copies - or 'replicates' - its chromosomes, and then splits the copied chromosomes equally to make sure that each daughter cell has a full set

The correct statement which describes different parts of the genetic information are used in different kinds of cells is b)replicated chromosomes separate during gamete formation. So, correct option is b.

Mendel suggested that matching and partition of a couple of chromosomes at the hour of gamete development will prompt isolation of sets of elements as variables are conveyed by chromosomes. Thus, they demonstrated Mendel's law of isolation that expresses that elements controlling a person separate during gamete development.

The information on chromosomal development and isolation was joined with Mendelian standards and this was called chromosomal hypothesis of legacy. Partition of the sets of chromosomes at the hour of gamete development neither outcomes in the arrangement of zygote nor influences the cycle. The development of zygote happens when the male gamete wires with the female gamete.

Hence, correct option is b.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

I am just guessing so please don't hurt me!

Have a great day:)

Answer: a

Explanation:

i did it

Answer:

plants don't give off carbon dioxide because they use carbon dioxide to make oxygen

Based on the descriptions provided, Graph A best represents disruptive selection.

In Graph A, the original population increases, decreases, increases, and then decreases again, while the population after selection increases at the point that the original population drops.

This pattern suggests that individuals with extreme trait values at both ends of the spectrum are favored, leading to a splitting of the population into two distinct groups with different trait values. Disruptive selection occurs when extreme values of a trait are advantageous, resulting in the increased prevalence of individuals with those extreme traits.

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A bacterial promoter sequence must be added to a eukaryotic gene's coding exons in order for the gene to be engineered into a bacterial colony and produced there. Option (c) is correct.

A promoter is a sequence that starts a gene's transcription, according to the discipline of genetics. The promoter region located upstream in the bacterial cell, and without the promoter sequences, transcription cannot take place.

Therefore, for the expression of the genes, a bacterial promoter sequence must be connected in addition to our desired code of exons. Since introns are non-coding sequences and do not affect how genes are expressed, additional options like them are not necessary. A core promoter in eukaryotes regulates the transcription of genes into RNA transcripts by the enzyme RNA polymerase II.

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Correct Question:

In order for a eukaryotic gene to be engineered into a bacterial colony to be expressed, what must be included in addition to the coding exons of the gene?

A) the introns.

B) eukaryotic polymerases.

C) a bacterial promoter sequence.

D) eukaryotic ribosomal subunits.

E) eukaryotic tRNAs.

ATP is a High level energy carrier.

ATP or Adenine triphosphate is considered a high-level energy carrier because it contains a significant amount of energy that can be readily released and utilized by the cell for various metabolic processes. This is because ATP has three phosphate groups that are negatively charged and repel each other, creating a high-energy bond between them. The high energy bond between each phosphate group is known as the phosphoric anhydride bond. On hydrolyzing a phosphate group that is the removal of the phosphate group results in the release of higher energy. Therefore, ATP is an essential molecule for providing energy to the cell and maintaining its metabolic functions.

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