The citric acid cycle evolved from preexisting metabolic pathways. Evidence includes organisms that do not use the citric acid cycle, but have genes coding for enzymes used in the citric acid cycle
Which of the statements about the evolution of the citric acid cycle are consistent with existing knowlege? Can be more than one answer!
1) Although some organisms do not use the citric acid cycle under anaerobic conditions, they use a reductive pathway similar to the citric acid cycle to generate some larger molecules.
2) A reductive citric acid cycle can replenish oxidized cofactors such as NADH.
3)Early organisms may have lacked the enzyme ?-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.
4) The citric acid cycle may have originated from two pathways �a reductive pathway and an oxidative pathway.
5)The citric acid cycle may have evolved from two biosynthetic pathways in early life forms.

Answer:

Such exploitation of a new environment gives rise to an evolutionary pattern called adaptive radiation. Through migration, isolation, or possibly a new mutation giving rise to a brand new adaptation, a population of organisms moves into a new geographic area where that species never previously existed.

The type of animal used for this testing is sentinel animals, option D is correct.

Sentinel animals are healthy animals that are placed in close proximity to animals being used for research to monitor the presence of microorganisms in the animal facility. These animals are exposed to the same environmental conditions as the research animals and are periodically tested for the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites.

The testing involves collecting serologic (blood), fecal, and other samples from the sentinel animals and analyzing them for the presence of microorganisms. This helps to identify potential contamination in the animal facility and allows for the implementation of appropriate measures to maintain the health of the research animals, option D is correct.

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The complete question is:

A method of quality assurance in an animal facility is to periodically collect serologic, fecal, and blood for testing to identify the presence of microorganisms. what type of animal is used for this testing? question 38 options:

A. gnotobiotic barrier-

B. sustained

C. axenic

D. sentinel

Answer:

heart, veins, and your skin

Explanation:

the skin keeps the blood inside your body, the heart pumps it throughout your body, and the veins carry it.

The complementary nature of base pairing between the two strands of DNA is the structural property of DNA that gave Watson and Crick the idea that DNA replication was likely to proceed via a semiconservative mechanism.

DNA is a double-helix structure made from nucleotides. The nucleotides of the DNA are made from nitrogenous bases, sugar, and a phosphate group.

The nucleotide bases which is complementary to each other form a ladder by which the structure of the DNA is maintained. Adenine pairs with Thymine and Cytosine pairs with Guanine of the other strand.

Each strand of the DNA acts as a template to form in a semi-conservative replication model.

It was due to the complementary nature of the DNA that Watson and Crick proposed the semiconservative model for DNA replication. Each DNA strand acts as a template through which a new strand is made that is complementary to it.

Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:

What structural property of DNA gave Watson and Crick the idea that DNA replication was likely to proceed via a semiconservative mechanism?

A) The nitrogen content in the bases

B) The complementary nature of base pairing between the two strands

C) The repeating nature of the sugar-phosphate backbone

D) The helical shape of the double strand

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Viruses are mostly made up of a ‘capsid’  composed of proteins that contain all structural features of the viruses and a ‘genome’ which contain the genetic material required to survive and reproduce in the host.

The viral genetic material may be composed of other DNA or RNA and it serves the virus in order to synthesize structural proteins and other components of its molecular machinery,

Therefore, with this data, we can see that viral genetic material is required for the survival of the virus and can be either DNA or RNA.

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Answer:

A

Explanation

It should be A., lead and uranium.

Answer:

Florida's two resident game birds is quail and wild turkeys.

Explanation:

Answer:

Quail & Wild Turkey

Explanation:

Answer:

a

Explanation:

it is dissolves into hydrogen ions in water (H+ and H30+)

It dissolves into Hydrogen ions in water (H+ and H3O+) makes a compound an acid.

Acids can be defined as the compounds which donate hydrogen (H+) ion to another compound or base, it is  Conventionally known as the chemical compound which dissolved in water, produces a solution.

The strength of an acid is depend on the concentration of the hydronium ions, for example Acetic acid , sulphuric acid; Acids occur solid, liquid or gas, sour in taste, release hydrogen ions (H+) when mixed with water

A base can be defined as a substance which can be soluble otherwise termed an alkali, normally the liquids or acids are volatile which mixed with certain substances form salts and these salts would form a base; Acids are usually H+ donors and Bases are H+ acceptors.

Base depend on the concentration of the hydroxide ions like Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and Ammonia, it is slippery and solid in nature, bitter in taste, release hydroxide ions(OH-) when mixed with water

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Sorry mate your question is very confusing

Do it again what is the question about

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:

The brain gets better with practice, so routine actions like walking become second nature. That is why your first time on the monkey bars is harder than your 100th time.

So how does the brain judge distance? The key for animals — like monkeys and humans — is in our eyes.

Where these different views overlap is how the brain is able to calculate the difference in distance and to judge depth.

This happens because the closer an item is to you, the greater the relative difference between the eyes will be compared with the object. The farther away an item is, the smaller the relative distance between the eyes will be. Our brain is great at remembering patterns, and it remembers the differences that each eye is seeing and correlates it with a distance. It can also find the distance by calculating the “convergence,” or how crossed your eyes become while looking at something. The more crossed your eyes become when looking at an object, the closer the object.

Answer:

natural selection would be the answer

Explanation:

That means that some of the animals would survive.

Answer:

I will attempt to answer your question.

When the marathon runner begins to run there is the need for increased circulation for blood, nutrients,oxygen,etc to reach vital centers of the body, as an adaptation to the increased muscular activity. Baroreceptors in the coronary artery and the arch of the aorta detect the increase in blood pressure(this becomes the stimulus) and send signals to the brain (control center) that is the cardiac center located in the medulla oblongata. The motor response goes to the smooth muscles of the blood vessels to dilate and for the heart to beat faster. This is one way

Also, the respiratory rate needs to increase so that there will be enough supply of oxygen and removal of CO2 and this is controlled by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. So the person begins to breathe faster in order to produce more glucose. There is increased glycogenolysis to quickly convert glycogen (by glucagon) into glucose. This will avail enough energy for the brain and cardinal organs. This is two

Again, as the runner runs, excess heat build up must be reduced which is achieved through sweating so that the body begins to cool down or regulate it's temperature. This is three

There's a lot more...

Answer:

Somatostatin, pankreasın Langerhans adacıklarının D-hücrelerinden ve hipotalamustan salıverilen bir peptit hormondur; hipotalamustan salıverilen büyüme hormonu salıverilişini inhibe eden faktör olarak da bilinir.

Answer: A biologist

Explanation: A biologist

would identify and classify the sea sponge.

A biologist would identify and classify the sea sponge.

Biologists investigate humans, plants, animals, and the environments in which they live. They may complete their studies--human medical research, plant research, animal research, environmental system research--at the cellular level or the ecosystem level, or anywhere in between.

A clinical biologist exists as a healthiness professional such as a doctor of medicine, pharmacist, chemist, or biologist that stands specialized in clinical biology, a medical specialty emanated from clinical pathology. The concept contains intervention biology, including assisted reproductive technology.

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Answer:

OA. Elastic energy is transformed into electrical energy.

Explanation:

pls hart and mark brainiest

Answer:

Nitrogen Fixation

It is carried out mainly by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, which secrete enzymes needed for the process. Some nitrogen-fixing bacteria live in soil. Others live in the root nodules of legumes such as peas and beans. ... They convert nitrogen gas to nitrate ions that algae and other aquatic producers can use.

Explanation:

There are a few factors that contribute to the wide variety of immune system responses between hosts when infected with the same virus. Firstly, genetics plays a role in determining how effective a person's immune system is at recognizing and responding to a particular virus. Additionally, prior exposure to similar viruses or vaccines can affect the strength and specificity of the immune response.

Environmental factors such as stress levels, diet, and overall health can also impact the immune system's ability to fight off an infection. Finally, the timing and dosage of the virus exposure can also influence the immune response. All of these factors contribute to the complex and varied responses seen among hosts infected with the same virus.

The wide variety of immune system responses between hosts infected with the same virus can be attributed to factors such as genetic differences, age, overall health, and previous exposure to similar pathogens. These factors influence the individual's immune system strength and determine the specific response to the virus, resulting in varying degrees of symptoms and recovery times.

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The energy needed to run a maximal 400-meter race for 50 to 60 seconds is mainly derived from a combination of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. While aerobic metabolism contributes most of the energy needed, anaerobic metabolism also plays a significant role, with most of the ATP coming from anaerobic sources.

This is because the intense nature of the race requires the muscles to contract very quickly and forcefully, which consumes ATP at a rapid rate.

However, it is important to note that the energy source for the race can vary depending on the athlete's fitness level and training regimen. For instance, highly trained athletes may rely more on aerobic metabolism than anaerobic metabolism. Additionally, some athletes may supplement their energy stores with creatine, which is a naturally occurring compound that helps produce ATP. In such cases, the runner may rely exclusively on the ATP-CP system to provide energy during the race.

Overall, while the exact energy source for a maximal 400-meter race may vary depending on individual factors, it is safe to say that both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism play important roles in providing the necessary energy.

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Answer:

bb or BB

Explanation:

it depends on what the examiner gives you

cerebral cortex

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Answer: the creation of oxygen

Explanation:

took the K12 Quiz (Note: not to sure its right if it aint so so sorry!)

Answer:

The movie The Day After Tomorrow is loosely based on the theory of “abrupt climate change.” The plot of the movie is that, as a result of global warming, ocean currents that circulate water around the world shut down, heating up the tropics and cooling the North Atlantic.

Answer:

Answer:

the names of elements from the following symbols :

Explanation:

The study titled "Pediatric craniopharyngiomas: Classification and treatment according to the degree of hypothalamic involvement" by Puget et al. (2007) focuses on the classification and treatment of craniopharyngiomas in pediatric patients based on the extent of hypothalamic involvement.

Craniopharyngiomas are rare brain tumors that commonly affect children. The hypothalamus is an important part of the brain responsible for hormone regulation and other vital functions.

The authors proposed a classification system to assess the degree of hypothalamic involvement in craniopharyngiomas. This classification system helps in determining the appropriate treatment approach. Treatment options discussed in the study include surgical resection, radiation therapy, and hormone replacement therapy.

The study highlights the importance of multidisciplinary management involving neurosurgeons, endocrinologists, and other healthcare professionals. It emphasizes the need for personalized treatment plans based on the individual patient's presentation and the extent of hypothalamic involvement.

In conclusion, Puget et al.'s (2007) study provides valuable insights into the classification and treatment of pediatric craniopharyngiomas based on the degree of hypothalamic involvement. The findings can guide healthcare professionals in optimizing treatment strategies for better patient outcomes.

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Answer: 1. Homologous structures provide evidence for common ancestry, while analogous structures show that similar selective pressures can produce similar adaptations (beneficial features). Similarities and differences among biological molecules (e.g., in the DNA sequence of genes) can be used to determine species' relatedness.

2. The changes in our behavioral patterns and adaptations that are caused by these technological advances could prove to be the primary driving forces behind the next stage of evolution for our species. These members of the species are more likely to reproduce and pass their genes on to their children.

Explanation:

An organism's phenotype is the physical trait that arises from its genotype, which is the distinct set of alleles for a given gene.

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Answer:

First increases then decreases.

Explanation:

The speed of skater tends to increases when it moves from high elevation of 6 m to the low height area due to sloppy region while on the other hand, when the skater moves again from 0 m or from the ground level to 6 m height its speed decreases when reaches to the highest point. First the speed of the skater increases due to moving in the direction of gravity while on other hand, the speed of the skater decreases due to movement of skater against the gravity of earth.