The given 1H NMR spectrum of a compound having a molecular formula C4H9Br is given below:The first thing you should note is that there is a singlet signal at 1.75 ppm. This implies that there is a methyl group (CH3-) present in the compound.
The chemical shift of the methyl group suggests that it is attached to a sp3-hybridized carbon atom (non-aromatic).Next, there are two doublet signals at 3.0 ppm and 3.8 ppm. The coupling constant between the peaks is 7 Hz.
This coupling constant is characteristic of an AB system. This implies that there are two coupled proton atoms attached to the same carbon atom.
Next, there is a singlet signal at 4.6 ppm. This suggests that there is a -CH2Br group present in the molecule. The chemical shift of the -CH2Br group suggests that the bromine atom is attached to a sp3-hybridized carbon atom.
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Why do chemists use the quantity of the mole instead of counting atoms
and molecules?
The interstitial fluid is generally poor, while the plasma is generally rich in ---------. A. Protein B. Sodium and chloride ions C. Hydrogen ions D. Carbohydrates
Answer:
B Hydrogen Ions is answer
. complete and balance the equations for the following acid-base reactions: a. h2co3 sr(oh)2 → b. hclo4 naoh → c. hbr ba(oh)2 → d. nahco3 h2so4 →
The balanced equation for the acid-base reaction between H2CO3 (carbonic acid) and Sr(OH)2 (strontium hydroxide) is as follows: H2CO3 + Sr(OH)2 → SrCO3 + 2 H2O. In this reaction, carbonic acid (H2CO3) reacts with strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2) to produce strontium carbonate (SrCO3) and water (H2O).
The reaction is balanced with one molecule of carbonic acid reacting with one molecule of strontium hydroxide to yield one molecule of strontium carbonate and two molecules of water.
In this reaction, the acid (H2CO3) donates two protons (H+) while the base (Sr(OH)2) donates two hydroxide ions (OH-) to form water (H2O) molecules. The remaining ions, the carbonate ion (CO3^2-) from the acid and the strontium ion (Sr^2+) from the base, combine to form the insoluble salt, strontium carbonate (SrCO3). This salt precipitates out of the solution as a solid.
The balanced equation ensures that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation, maintaining the principle of mass conservation. Balancing the equation involves adjusting the coefficients of the reactants and products. In this case, one molecule of carbonic acid reacts with one molecule of strontium hydroxide to yield one molecule of strontium carbonate and two molecules of water.
The balanced equation shows the stoichiometry of the reaction, indicating the ratios in which the reactants combine and the products are formed.
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Question 14 PM2.5 is defined as ________
- the mass concentration of particles in the air less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers in diameter. - the mass concentration of particles in the air equal to 2.5 micrometers in diameter. - the mass concentration of particles in the air greater than or equal to 2.5 micrometers in diameter. Question 15 Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a criteria air pollutant. - True - False Question 16 Roughly percent of emissions of carbon monoxide in Santa Clara County come from mobile sources (select the choice closest to the correct answer). - 50 - 75 - 25 Question 17
The term "photochemical smog" is most synonymous with which of the following criteria air pollutants? - lead (Pb) - carbon monoxide (CO) - sulfur dioxide ( SO2) - ozone (O3) Question 18 "Attainment" of ambient air quality standards requires that measured concentrations at all monitoring stations within an air district are below ambient air standards. - True - False
: PM2.5 is defined as the mass concentration of particles in the air less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers in diameter.Question 15: False, carbon dioxide (CO2) is not considered a criteria air pollutant.
Question 16: The closest answer is 50%, but the exact percentage is not provided in the question.Question 17: The term "photochemical smog" is most synonymous with ozone (O3), which is a criteria air pollutant.Question 18: True, attainment of ambient air quality standards requires that measured concentrations at all monitoring stations within an air district are below ambient air standards.
Question 14 asks about the definition of PM2.5. PM2.5 refers to particulate matter with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers. It represents the mass concentration of particles suspended in the air, which are small enough to be inhaled into the respiratory system and can have adverse health effects.
Question 15 states whether carbon dioxide (CO2) is a criteria air pollutant. Criteria air pollutants are a set of pollutants regulated by environmental agencies due to their detrimental impact on air quality and human health. However, carbon dioxide is not considered a criteria air pollutant because it does not directly cause harm to human health or the environment in the same way as pollutants like ozone or particulate matter.
Question 16 asks about the percentage of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from mobile sources in Santa Clara County. While the exact percentage is not provided in the question, the closest answer option is 50%. However, it is important to note that the precise percentage may vary depending on specific local conditions and emissions sources.
Question 17 inquires about the criteria air pollutant most synonymous with the term "photochemical smog." Photochemical smog is primarily associated with high levels of ground-level ozone (O3). Ozone is formed when nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) react in the presence of sunlight, creating a hazy and polluted atmospheric condition.
Question 18 addresses the concept of "attainment" of ambient air quality standards. To achieve attainment, measured concentrations of pollutants at all monitoring stations within an air district must be below the established ambient air quality standards. This ensures that the air quality in the given area meets the required standards for protecting human health and the environment.
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A sample of formic acid (CH2O2) contains 4.01 x 1025 molecules. How many moles of formic acid are in this sample?
We can use Avogadro's number to convert the number of molecules to moles. Avogadro's number is 6.022 x 10^23 molecules per mole.
First, we need to determine how many moles of formic acid are represented by 4.01 x 10^25 molecules:
n = N / NA
where n is the number of moles, N is the number of molecules, and NA is Avogadro's number.
Substituting the given values, we get:
n = 4.01 x 10^25 / (6.022 x 10^23) = 66.6 moles
Therefore, the sample of formic acid contains 66.6 moles of formic acid.
I WILL GIVE YOU BRAINLIEST!!!
which sentence uses emitting correctly
A after emitting his mistake, Charlie vowed to make things better.
B Charlie should be emitting an apology.
C Charlie heard birds emitting a very strange sound.
D the emitting sound of an early moring birds woke charlie.
Answer:
its either A or C
Explanation:
Q) which sentence uses emitting correctly ?
Answer :(c) Charlie heard birds emitting a very strange sound .Explanation :
Emitting means ' to give off ' , since birds are giving off a strange sound , we say " Charlie heard birds emitting a very strange sound " .
Which equation is balanced?
CH4 + O2 ⟶ CO2 + H2O
Mg + 2HCl ⟶ MgCl2 + H2
Mg + P4 ⟶ Mg3P2
Answer:
A I think
Explanation:
im not sure so do with that what you will
During the reaction of CV with NaOH, do you expect the colorimeter absorbance to change? How do you expect it to change if such a change is anticipated (i.e, increase, decrease, stay the same) as the reaction proceeds? Explain
It is anticipated that as the reaction proceeds the concentration of CV decreases and the absorbance of solution is also expected to decrease.
The reaction between CV (Cyanide) and NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide) will result in the production of NaCN (Sodium Cyanide) and H2O. The colorimeter absorbance of the solution is expected to change as the reaction proceeds. The change in absorbance would depend on the concentration of CV in the solution, and the reaction rate between CV and NaOH.
In general, as the reaction progresses and the concentration of CV decreases, the absorbance of the solution is expected to decrease. The decrease in absorbance would occur because the concentration of the absorbing species (CV) is decreasing, leading to a decrease in the amount of light absorbed by the solution.
It is important to note that the exact change in absorbance would depend on the specific conditions of the reaction, including the initial concentration of CV, the reaction rate, and the wavelength of light used by the colorimeter.
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Which statement Ilustrates the difference between a chemical reaction and a nuclear reaction?
A nuclear reaction releases more energy per gram and appears to violate the law of conservation of mass.
A nuclear reaction releases less energy per gram and appears to violate the law of conservation of mass.
A nuclear reaction releases more energy per gram but does not appear to violate the law of conservation of mass.
A nuclear reaction releases less energy per gram but does not appear to violate the law of conservation of mass.
Answer:
A nuclear reaction releases more energy per gram and appears to violate the law of conservation of mass.
Explanation:
In nuclear reactions there arises a shift in the nucleus of the atom. This results in the production of a different element altogether. While in chemical reactions the electrons are rearrangement and there is no change in the nucleus.Factors like temperature, pressure, and catalysts do not affect the rate of nuclear reactions while they influence the chemical reactions.The change in the energy is higher in nuclear reactions. It arises out of the destruction of mass.Answer:
A
Explanation:
Edge 2021
Bromination if isobutane is a two step reaction… is what I have in the image correct?
The enthalpy of 1st ,second and overall reaction are - 34 kJ/mol , 98 kJ/mol and 64 kJ/mol .
The bond enthalpy of each steps are determined as ;
enthalpy of step 1 is calculated as ,
Enthalpy = bond dissociation energy of product - bond dissociation energy of reactant .
Enthalpy = 366 - 400
Enthalpy = - 34 kJ/mol
enthalpy of step 2 is calculated as ,
Enthalpy = bond dissociation energy of product - bond dissociation energy of reactant .
Enthalpy = 292 - 194
Enthalpy = 98 kJ/mol
enthalpy of step 2 is calculated as ,
Enthalpy = bond dissociation energy of product - bond dissociation energy of reactant .
enthalpy of step overall reaction is calculated as ,
Enthalpy = bond dissociation energy of product - bond dissociation energy of reactant .
Enthalpy = (292+ 366 ) - ( 194 + 400 )
Enthalpy = 64 kJ/mol
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what is the pressure in a 5.00 L tank with 49.00 grams of oxygen gas at 350 K? ___atm
Answer:
The right answer is "8.81 atm".
Explanation:
Given:
V = 5.00 L
Mass = 4900 g
MW = 32 g/mol
T = 350 K
Now,
Number of moles will be:
\(n = \frac{Mass}{MW}\)
\(=\frac{49.00}{32}\)
\(=1.53125 \ mole\)
By using the ideal gas equation, we get
⇒ \(PV=nRT\)
or,
⇒ \(P=\frac{nRT}{V}\)
By substituting the values, we get
\(=\frac{1.53125\times 0.0821\times 350}{5.00}\)
\(=\frac{44.1}{5.00}\)
\(=8.81 \ atm\)
0.225L solution of H2CO3 is neutralized by 0.0880L of a 1.22 M Fe(OH)3 solution. What
is the concentration of the H2CO3 solution?
Answer:
0.716
Explanation:
First, write the balanced equation:
3 H2CO3 + 2 Fe(OH)3 ----> Fe2(CO3)3 + 6 H2O
Second, go from the molarity of H2CO3 to liters of Fe(OH)3
(Pull mole ratio from balanced equation)
1.22/1L x 0.0880/1 x 3molH2CO3/2molFe(OH)3 x 1/0.225L
Use calculator, and you end up with 0.7157333
Round to 0.716
what are 3 common chemical reactions of the carbon family?
1. form covalent compounds.
2. nonreactive.
3. ionic compounds.
The carbon family elements have widely variable physical and chemical properties. Overall, the carbon family elements are stable and tend to be fairly unreactive. The elements tend to form covalent compounds, though tin and lead also form ionic compounds.
Reaction of carbon with air
Carbon, as graphite, burns to form gaseous carbon (IV) oxide (carbon dioxide), CO2. Diamond is a form of carbon and also burns in air when heated to 600-800°C - an expensive way to make carbon dioxide! ... This reaction is important. In industry, air is blown through hot coke.
What is an atomic theory?
A. An idea about what atoms are like
B. A prediction about nuclear reactions
C. A theory about how atoms first came to be
D. A theory about gravity
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2(g)
Assuming STP, how many moles of hydrogen gas did Carl and his partner collect if they collected 5. 6L?
Curious Carl and his lab partner were conducting a variety of experiments to produce gases: hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. In one experiment, they added a piece of magnesium ribbon to 10 milliliters of hydrochloric acid. They observed bubbles being produced and did a variety of tests to identify the escaping gas; it proved to be hydrogen. The reaction is represented by the following equation.
A) 0. 250 moles
B) 2. 78 moles
C) 5. 60 moles
D) 11. 2 moles
5.60 moles of hydrogen gas did Carl and his partner collect if they collected 5. 6L.
Give a brief account on Moles ?The mole, also called Avogadro's number, is a unit of measurement used in chemistry to express the amount of matter. It is defined as the number of entities (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) in a given sample of matter. The number of mole entities is known as Avogadro's number and is approximately 6,022 x 10²³. Moles can also be used to represent the number of units of matter in a chemical reaction. For example, the equilibrium equation for the reaction of magnesium and hydrochloric acid is Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂. This equation shows that for every mole of magnesium, 2 moles of hydrochloric acid are required to produce 1 mole of magnesium chloride and 1 mole of hydrogen gas.
In summary, a mole is a unit of measurement used in chemistry to describe the amount of substance. It is defined as the number of units in a particular sample of matter and is known as Avogadro's number. It can be used to convert between the mass and number of units of matter, and to describe the number of units of matter in chemical reactions.
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For the reaction Cl2O + 3/2 O2 (g) <--> 2 ClO2 .... Delta H = 126 kJ/mol. Delta S = -74.9 J/Mol K at 298 K. What is the Keq? Answer: 1.0 x 10-26.
2. O3 (g) + 2NO2 (g) --> O2 (g) + N2O5 (g)
(1) O3 + NO2 <--> O2 +NO3 (fast equil.)
(2) NO3 + NO2 --> N2O5 (slow)
What is the rate law of the above reaction?
The equilibrium constant (Keq) for the reaction Cl₂O + 3/2 O₂ (g) ⇌ 2 ClO₂ at 298 K is 1.0 x 10⁻²⁶.
Determine the equilibrium constant?The equilibrium constant (Keq) is determined using the equation Keq = \(\rm e^{(-\Delta G/RT)\), where ΔG is the standard free energy change, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin. However, in this case, we are given ΔH (enthalpy change) and ΔS (entropy change), so we need to use the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
Plugging in the given values:
ΔH = 126 kJ/mol = 126,000 J/mol
ΔS = -74.9 J/mol K
T = 298 K
ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
ΔG = 126,000 J/mol - 298 K * (-74.9 J/mol K)
ΔG = 126,000 J/mol + 22,320 J/mol
ΔG = 148,320 J/mol
Now, we can calculate Keq:
Keq = \(\rm e^{(-\Delta G/RT)\)
Keq = \(\rm e^{(-148,320\ J/mol) / (8.314\ J/mol K \times 298\ K))}\)
Keq ≈ 1.0 x 10⁻²⁶
Therefore, At a temperature of 298 K, the equilibrium constant (Keq) for the reaction between Cl₂O and 3/2 O₂ to form 2 ClO₂ is approximately 1.0 x 10⁻²⁶.
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Chemistry is the study of all of the following EXCEPT
A matter
B projectile motion
C changes in matter
D energy associated with changes in matter
If 11 kJ of heat is transferred to 2300 g of soil at 21°C, what would the new temperature of the soil be?
Answer:
26.98°C
Explanation:
Applying,
Q = cm(t₂-t₁)................ Equation 1
Where Q = Heat transferred to the soil, c = specific heat capacity of dry soil, m = mass of the soil, t₂ = final temperature, t₁ = initial temperature.
From the question,
Given: Q = 11 kJ = 11000 J, m = 2300 g = 2.3 kg, t₁ = 21°C
Constant: c = 800 J/kg.°C
Substitute these values into equation 1
11000 = 800×2.3(t₂-21)
Solving for t₂
t₂-21 = 11000/(800×2.3)
t₂-21 = 11000/1840
t₂-21 = 5.98
t₂ = 5.98+21
t₂ = 26.98°C
How many milliliters of an aqueous solution of 0.207 m lead nitrate is needed to obtain 12.0 grams of the salt?
175 milliliters of the aqueous solution of lead nitrate are needed to obtain 12.0 grams of the salt.
To determine the volume of an aqueous solution of lead nitrate needed to obtain a certain amount of the salt, we can use the molarity (M) and the formula weight of the salt.
Pb(NO₃)₂
Pb: 207.2 g/mol (atomic mass of Pb)
N: 14.0 g/mol (atomic mass of N)
O: 16.0 g/mol (atomic mass of O)
Formula weight of Pb(NO₃)₂ = (207.2 g/mol) + 2 × [(14.0 g/mol) + 3 × (16.0 g/mol)]
Formula weight of Pb(NO₃)₂ = 331.2 g/mol
Amount of Pb(NO₃)₂ = Mass of salt / Formula weight of Pb(NO3)2
Amount of Pb(NO₃)₂ = 12.0 g / 331.2 g/mol
Amount of Pb(NO₃)₂ = 0.0362 mol
Molarity (M) = Moles of solute / Volume of solution (in liters)
The volume of solution (in liters) = Moles of solute / Molarity (M)
Volume of solution (in liters) = 0.0362 mol / 0.207 mol/L
The volume of solution (in liters) = 0.175 L
Volume of solution (in milliliters) = 0.175 L × (1000 mL/1 L)
The volume of solution (in milliliters) = 175 mL
Therefore, approximately 175 milliliters of the aqueous solution of lead nitrate are needed to obtain 12.0 grams of the salt.
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aqueous hydrobromic acid hbr reacts with solid sodium hydroxide naoh to produce aqueous sodium bromide nabr and liquid water h2o. what is the theoretical yield of sodium bromide formed from the reaction of 1.6g of hydrobromic acid and 0.20g of sodium hydroxide? be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits in it. g
The theoretical yield of sodium bromide formed from the reaction of 1.6 g of hydrobromic acid and 0.20 g of sodium hydroxide is 2.04 g.
The theoretical yield of sodium bromide is calculated by the equation: mass of sodium bromide = (moles of hydrobromic acid) x (molar mass of sodium bromide). First, you need to calculate the moles of hydrobromic acid. This can be done by dividing the mass of hydrobromic acid (1.6 g) by the molar mass of hydrobromic acid (80.91 g/mol):
Second, you need to calculate the moles of sodium hydroxide. This can be done by dividing the mass of sodium hydroxide (0.20 g) by the molar mass of sodium hydroxide (39.99 g/mol):
Moles of sodium hydroxide = 0.20 g / 39.99 g/mol = 0.005 moles.
Moles of hydrobromic acid = 1.6 g / 80.91 g/mol = 0.0198 moles.
Finally, the theoretical yield of sodium bromide can be calculated by multiplying the moles of hydrobromic acid (0.0198 moles) by the molar mass of sodium bromide (102.89 g/mol):
Theoretical yield of sodium bromide = 0.0198 moles x 102.89 g/mol = 2.04 g.
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what important chemical reaction stores energy
Answer: A chemical reaction that stores energy is called an endothermic reaction. More energy might be released as products form than the energy needed to break the reactants apart.
Explanation:
Chemical reaction that involves the storing of energy is Endothermic reaction.
Endothermic reaction can be regarded as chemical reaction that entails absorbing and storing of energy.This Chemical energy is been stored in the bonds that brings the atom together as well as molecules, when a chemical reaction takes places this energy can be releasedTherefore, energy can be stored in the bonds.
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Can anyone explain to me how I solve 3x10^8 / 3.82x10^-7
I know the answer due to referring to the key but I'm not sure how they got it. Answer was 7.85x10^14
Answer:
You have to do this on a calculator. So when you put it in the calculator you will get 7.85x10^14.
3x10^8 is the speed of light. 3.82x10^-7 is the number in the question.
You can solve it like this
3x10^8
------------------
3.82x10^7
But you would do this on a calculator.
in acid base chemistry, a proton is a(n) atom that has lost its electron. thus it is an ion that has the symbol , and not a proton from the nucleus of an atom.
In acid base chemistry, a proton is Hydrozen H+ atom that has lost its electron. thus it is an ion that has the symbol , and not a proton from the nucleus of an atom.
What is the purpose of the nucleus?
The nucleus houses the genes, which are the structures that carry the hereditary information, and governs and controls the functions of the cell (such as growth and metabolism).
The nucleus frequently contains tiny structures known as nucleoli. The nucleoplasm is the gel-like matrix that contains the suspended nuclear parts.
What resides in a cell's nucleus?
The center of each cell is known as the nucleus, and it houses chromosome-organized DNA.
The nuclear envelope, a twofold nuclear membrane (outer and inner) that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, is present around it.
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Which of the following statements about the neuromuscular junction acetylcholine (Ach) receptor is false?
a. The probability an ACh channel will open depends on ACh concentration.
b. The synaptic current is the sum of the net ionic currents through all activated ACh receptors.
c. The opening of the ACh receptor is all-or-none.
d. The probability that an ACh channel will open depends on membrane voltage.
e. The current through a single receptor can be measured with a patch clamp technique.
The false statement about the neuromuscular junction acetylcholine (ACh) receptor is c. The opening of the ACh receptor is all-or-none.
The degree to which the ACh receptor opens is dependent on both the amount of neuromuscular junction acetylcholine (ACh) present and the level of receptor activation; it is not an all-or-nothing response. The channel opens when ACh binds to the receptor, causing a conformational shift that permits ion flow.
The following claims are accurate:
ACh concentration affects whether an ACh channel will open, with a larger ACh concentration increasing the likelihood that the channel will open and ion flow.
The net ionic currents through all activated ACh receptors add up to make up the synaptic current, which is defined as the sum of all such currents.
Membrane voltage impacts the likelihood that an ACh channel will open: Membrane voltage has an impact on the likelihood that an ACh channel will open. In general, hyperpolarization lowers and depolarization enhances the likelihood of a channel opening.
The patch clamp method allows for the measurement of the current flowing through a single receptor, including ACh receptors. This method sheds light on the characteristics and functions of individual ion channels, including ACh receptors.
As a result, c is the erroneous assertion. All or none of the ACh receptor's opening occurs.
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an excess of oxygen reacts with 451.4 g of lead, forming 397.8 g of lead(ii) oxide. calculate the percent yield of the reaction.
The percent yield of the reaction 88.1215 %
Percentage Yield is defined as the actual yield divided with the aid of the theoretical yield instances a hundred. percent Yield=(real YieldTheoretical Yield)×100% there are numerous motives why the actual yield of a chemical reaction may be much less than the theoretical yield.
Percentage yield = (real Yield / Theoretical Yield)×100%
= 397.8/451.4 g ×100%
= 88.1215 %
The share yield of a chemical reaction is a vital consideration in industrial chemistry. it could be calculated to examine the yield (amount) of product in reality obtained with what could have been obtained in principle if all the reactants have been converted without a loss or waste. A better percent yield may signal that your product is being contaminated with the aid of water, excess reactant, or any other substances. A lower percent yield would possibly signal that you mismeasured a reactant or spilled a portion of your product.
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People who have certain lung diseases, such as emphysema or lung cancer, often have to use oxygen from tanks. A large volume of oxygen can be put into a small tank because oxygen is a gas, and gases can be_________.
Answer:
I believe the answer is compressed
Explanation:
The answer may be a slightly different word, but if it's looked at by a human and not a robot compressed should work too
Gases can be compressed by applying high pressure. Thus large volume of oxygen can be contained in a tank by compressing the gas with high pressure.
What are gases?Gases are substances in state where its molecules are located far apart and are able to spread in the surroundings. This property of spreading based on the concentration difference is called diffusion.
Thus, gases diffuse from high concentrated area to lower concentration region. Gaseous substances does not have a certain volume, mass or shape. But when they are collected into a container then the volume will be that of the container.
in liquid state, molecules are some more closer in comparison to gases and an intermolecular attraction of force bind these molecules together to have a certain volume and mass. Whereas in solids, all the molecules are tightly packed.
Gases can be liquified by applying high pressure at low temperature so that the distance between molecules can be decreased and an intermolecular force of attraction occurs there.
So that large volume of gases can be collected to a tank by compression using high pressure.
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A student makes several observations about a plece of iron. Which observation describes a chemical property of the Iron?
Answer:rust
Explanation:
Calculate the amount (mL) of Compound A needed to give 12 mmol. MW of Compound A: 32.04 g/mol Density of Compound A: 0.79 g/mL [x1] mL of Compound A equals 12 mmol (HINT: remember significant digits)
we need 487.09 mL of Compound A to obtain 12 mmol,
Determine the mass of 12 mmol of Compound A using its molecular weight:
mass = 12 mmol x 32.04 g/mol = 384.48 g
Use the density of Compound A to convert the mass to volume:
volume = mass / density = 384.48 g / 0.79 g/mL = 487.09 mL
A compound refers to a substance that is composed of two or more different elements chemically bonded together. The atoms of these elements are held together by chemical bonds such as covalent or ionic bonds, forming a distinct and unique chemical entity. Compounds have properties that are different from the elements they are composed of, and their properties are determined by the types of atoms present, the arrangement of atoms, and the strength and type of bonds between the atoms.
For example, water is a compound made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, bonded together by covalent bonds. The properties of water, such as its boiling and freezing points, its density, and its ability to dissolve other substances, are unique to water and are a result of its chemical composition and structure.
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what are the factors affecting gravity?
Gravity, as a fundamental force of nature, is influenced by several factors. The following are some of the key factors affecting gravity:
Mass: The most significant factor affecting gravity is the mass of the objects involved. According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, the gravitational force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses. Greater mass leads to a stronger gravitational force.Distance: The distance between two objects also plays a crucial role in the strength of gravity. According to the inverse square law, the gravitational force decreases as the distance between objects increases. As objects move farther apart, the gravitational attraction between them weakens.Gravitational Constant: The gravitational constant, denoted by G, is a fundamental constant in physics that determines the strength of the gravitational force. It is a universal constant and does not change, affecting the overall magnitude of gravity.Shape and Distribution of Mass: The distribution of mass within an object can influence the gravitational field it generates. Objects with a more compact and concentrated mass distribution will have a stronger gravitational pull compared to those with a more spread-out mass distribution.External Influences: Gravity can be influenced by external factors such as nearby celestial bodies or the presence of other forces. For example, the gravitational interaction between the Earth and the Moon affects tides on Earth's surface.How is ethyne converted into Ethanol??
what happens when ethyne is hydrated catalytically?
Conversion of Ethyne into Ethanol:
The ethanal can be prepared by the ethyne by treating the ethyne with mercuric sulphate in presence of acid. First the mercury attacks on the reactant ethyne and forms a cyclic structure. Then water attacks on this cyclic structure forming a mercury cation. Then by the removal of hydride alcohol forms.
Hydration of Ethyne:
Alkynes readily combine with water in the presence of acid (usually sulfuric acid) and mercury(II) salts (usually the sulfate is used) to form carbonyl compounds, in a process known as Kucherov's reaction. In the case of acetylene (ethyne) the product is acetaldehyde (ethanal), while other alkynes form ketones.