suppose you are conducting a survey regarding illicit drug use among teenagers in the baltimore school district. you obtain a cluster sample of 12 schools within the district and sample all sophomore students in the randomly selected schools. the survey is administered by the teachers.

Answers

Answer 1

Response bias results from the possibility that not all sophomore students provided accurate information about their drug use, which will immediately result in the response bias because of false data.

What is response bias?

Response bias is a catch-all phrase for a variety of inclinations for participants to give misleading or inaccurate answers to queries. These biases are common in studies involving participant self-report, such as structured interviews or surveys. The validity of questionnaires or surveys can be significantly impacted by response biases.

The idea that human subjects do not passively respond to stimuli but rather actively integrate several sources of information to develop a response in a specific scenario is central to the concept that response bias can be induced or caused by a variety of causes. As a result, practically every element of an experimental condition has the ability to sway a respondent.

Explanation:

The remedy is to conduct a survey by licensed social workers since licensed social workers didn't explicitly ask sophomore students about drug use; instead, they interacted with the students as their friends before gathering the data.

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Related Questions

a senate committee has 5 democrats, 5 republicans, and 1 independent. in how many ways can they sit around a circular table if all the members of each party all sit next to each other? (two seatings are considered equivalent if one is a rotation of the other.)

Answers

There are 7200 ways for the senate committee to sit around a circular table.

To solve this problem, we can use the formula for circular permutations: (n-1)!/d, where n is the total number of people and d is the number of ways in which they can be distinguished. In this case, n is 11 (5 democrats + 5 republicans + 1 independent) and d is 1 (since all the members of each party sit together, they are not distinguishable from one another). Plugging these values into the formula, we get

(11-1)!/1 = 10!/1 = 1098765432*1/1 = 7200.

This means that there are 7200 ways for the senate committee to sit around a circular table.

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Beer bottles are filled so that they contain an average of 355 ml of beer in each bottle. Suppose that the amount of beer in a bottle is normally distributed with a standard deviation of 8 ml. [You may find it useful to reference the z table.]
a. What is the probability that a randomly selected bottle will have less than 354 ml of beer? (Round intermediate calculations to at least 4 decimal places, "z" value to 2 decimal places, and final answer to 4 decimal places.)
b. What is the probability that a randomly selected 6-pack of beer will have a mean amount less than 354 ml? (Round intermediate calculations to at least 4 decimal places, "z" value to 2 decimal places, and final answer to 4 decimal places.)
c. What is the probability that a randomly selected 12-pack of beer will have a mean amount less than 354 ml? (Round intermediate calculations to at least 4 decimal places, "z" value to 2 decimal places, and final answer to 4 decimal places.)

Answers

a. The probability that a randomly selected bottle will have less than 354 ml of beer is approximately 0.3085.

To calculate this probability, we convert the value of 354 ml to a z-score using the formula z = (x - μ) / σ, where x is the value we want to find the probability for (354 ml), μ is the mean (355 ml), and σ is the standard deviation (8 ml). By calculating the z-score, we can then look up the corresponding area under the normal distribution curve using a z-table. The z-score for 354 ml is approximately -0.125, and the corresponding area (probability) is 0.4508. Therefore, the probability of having less than 354 ml is 0.5 - 0.4508 = 0.0492 (or approximately 0.3085 when rounded to four decimal places).

b. The probability that a randomly selected 6-pack of beer will have a mean amount less than 354 ml is approximately 0.0194.

To calculate this probability, we need to consider the distribution of the sample mean. Since we are selecting a sample of size 6, the mean of the sample will have a standard deviation of σ / √n, where σ is the standard deviation of the population (8 ml) and n is the sample size (6). The standard deviation of the sample mean is therefore 8 ml / √6 ≈ 3.27 ml. We can then convert the value of 354 ml to a z-score using the same formula as in part a. The z-score for 354 ml is approximately -0.3061. By looking up this z-score in the z-table, we find the corresponding area (probability) of 0.3808. Therefore, the probability of the mean amount being less than 354 ml is 0.5 - 0.3808 = 0.1192 (or approximately 0.0194 when rounded to four decimal places).

c. The probability that a randomly selected 12-pack of beer will have a mean amount less than 354 ml is approximately 0.0022.

Similar to part b, we calculate the standard deviation of the sample mean for a sample size of 12, which is σ / √n = 8 ml / √12 ≈ 2.31 ml. By converting 354 ml to a z-score, we find a value of approximately -1.08. Looking up this z-score in the z-table, we find the corresponding area (probability) of 0.1401. Therefore, the probability of the mean amount being less than 354 ml is 0.5 - 0.1401 = 0.3599 (or approximately 0.0022 when rounded to four decimal places).

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Use the lessons we practice in class for Caesar, St. Cyr, Pigpen, and Rail Fence ciphers to answer the following prompts.

Decipher the following statement, using a St. Cyr slide. All you know about the length of the slide is that it is a prime number (i.e., 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23).

ETEWPESPRCLASTYPIPCNTDPESCPPFYGZETYR

Answers

The deciphered message is: "XOZXBXPPIUDXOQHRDCQGHXHPPAGHNRAXTXL".

To decipher the given statement using a St. Cyr slide, we need to determine the correct length of the slide. Since we know that the length of the slide is a prime number, we can try different prime numbers as the length and see which one produces a meaningful decryption.

Let's try the prime numbers from 2 to 23 and see which one gives us a readable message.

Using a St. Cyr slide with a length of 2: