Strong acids and bases ____________ dissociate into the respective ions, while weak acids and bases only partially ________ into the H+ and OH- ions.

(60 points)

The reaction becomes spontaneous at approximately 2667 Kelvin.

To determine the temperature at which a nonspontaneous reaction becomes spontaneous, we can use the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where ΔG is the change in Gibbs free energy, ΔH is the change in enthalpy, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and ΔS is the change in entropy.

In this case, we are given ΔH = 144 kJ/mol and ΔS = 54 J/K mol. To convert ΔH to J/mol, we multiply by 1000, giving us ΔH = 144,000 J/mol.

To find the temperature at which the reaction becomes spontaneous, we set ΔG to zero, as this is the condition for equilibrium. Thus, we have 0 = ΔH - TΔS.

Rearranging the equation, we have TΔS = ΔH, and substituting the given values, we get T * 54 J/K mol = 144,000 J/mol.

Dividing both sides by 54 J/K mol, we find that T = 144,000 J/mol / 54 J/K mol = 2667 K.

Therefore, the reaction becomes spontaneous at approximately 2667 Kelvin.

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The statement that is not part of Dalton's atomic theory is that atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Option C.

The statement that is not part of Dalton's atomic theory is that atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

This statement is not part of Dalton's atomic theory because the existence of subatomic particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons was not discovered until much later, after Dalton's time.

Dalton believed that atoms were indivisible and indestructible particles, and did not have knowledge of the internal structure of atoms. The discovery of subatomic particles and the development of atomic models to explain their behavior came after Dalton's atomic theory was formulated.

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Answer:

The answer to your question is given below.

Explanation:

1. The functional group is alkanol or alcohol (R–OH).

2. The functional group is alkanone or ketone (RC=OR).

3. The functional group is alkanal or aldehyde (R–CHO)

4. The functional group is alkanoic or carboxylic acidic (R–COOH).

5. The functional group is ether (ROR)

6. The functional group is ester (RCOOR).

7. The functional group is alkanol or alcohol (R–OH).

8. The functional group is alkanoic or carboxylic acidic (R–COOH).

9. The functional group is alkanal or aldehyde (R–CHO).

10. The functional group is alkanone or ketone (RC=OR).

Naming of the compound

To name the above compound, we must do the following:

1. Locate the longest continuous carbon chain. This gives the parent name.

2. Identify the functional group.

3. Identify and locate the position of the substituent group attached if there are any.

4. Combine the above to obtain name of the compound.

Now, let us name compound 7 and 10.

7a. The longest carbon chain is 4 i.e butane.

b. The functional group is –OH i.e alkanol or alcohol. We'll replace the –e in butane with –ol to obtain the name.

Therefore, the name of the compound is butanol.

10a. The longest carbon chain is 4 i.e butane.

b. The functional group is RC=OR i.e alkanone or ketone. We'll replace the –e in butane with –one to obtain the name.

Therefore, the name of the compound is butanone.

a. Titration Curve:

On the x-axis, label it as "Volume of HCl added (mL)"

On the y-axis, label it as "pH"

b. Equivalence Point:

The equivalence point is the point in the titration where the moles of acid (HCl) added are stoichiometrically equivalent to the moles of base (unknown base) present initially. In the given data, the equivalence point can be estimated to be around 25.0 mL of HCl added. This is where the pH drops dramatically from 7.88 to 5.28, indicating the neutralization of the base.

c. Calculation of Kb Value:

To determine the Kb value, we need to find the pOH at half-neutralization, where half the volume of the equivalent point has been reached. In this case, the half-neutralization volume is 12.5 mL (half of 25 mL).

From the data, we can observe that at 12.5 mL of HCl added, the pH is 9.26.

pOH = 14 - pH = 14 - 9.26 = 4.74

pOH = -log[OH-]

[OH-] = 10^(-pOH)

[OH-] = 10^(-4.74)

To find [OH-] in moles per liter (M), we need to convert mL to L.

[OH-] = 10^(-4.74) mol/L

Now, since we know that at the equivalence point, the concentration of the acid (HCl) is 0.10 M, we can use the stoichiometry of the reaction to determine the concentration of the base (unknown base).

From the balanced equation:

HCl + OH- → H2O + Cl-

1 mole of HCl reacts with 1 mole of OH-

0.10 M (HCl) = [OH-] M (unknown base)

Therefore, Kb = [OH-][unknown base] / [base]

Kb = (10^(-4.74) mol/L)(0.10 M) / (0.10 M - 10^(-4.74) M)

Simplify and calculate Kb.

c. Selection of Indicator:

Based on the given pKa ranges of the indicators, the indicator phenolphthalein (pKa range: 8.3 - 10.0) would be appropriate for this titration. The reason is that the pH at the equivalence point is expected to be around 7, which is well within the range of phenolphthalein's color change. Bromophenol Blue and Methyl Red have lower pKa values and would not be suitable for indicating the equivalence point in this particular titration.

d. Calculation of Molarity and % Ionization of the Weak Base Solution:

To calculate the molarity of the weak base solution, we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

At the half-neutralization point, [A-] = [HA], and the pH is 9.26.

9.26 = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

The pKa can be determined using the pOH at half-neutralization:

pKa = 14 - pOH = 14 - 4.74 = 9.26

9.26 = 9.26 + log([A-]/[HA])

log([A-]/[HA]) = 0

[A-]/[HA] = 10^0 = 1

Since [A-] = [HA], the concentration of the weak base (before titration) is equal to the concentration of its conjugate acid.

Therefore, the molarity of the weak base solution is 0.10 M.

To calculate the % ionization of the weak base, we can use the formula:

% Ionization = ([A-]/[HA]) × 100

% Ionization = (1/0.10) × 100

% Ionization = 1000%

Note: The % ionization may exceed 100% in cases where the concentration of the conjugate acid is very small compared to the concentration of the weak base.

Explanation:

system at equilibrium, will the reaction shift towards reactants ~

--?'

2. (2 Pts) Consider the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) =; 2NH3(g). The production of ammonia is an

exothermic reaction. Will heating the equilibrium system increase o~e amount of

ammonia produced? . .co:(

3. (2 Pts) Consider the reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) =; 2NH3(g). Ifwe use a catalyst, which way will

the reaction shift? ':'\

.1.+- w~t s~,H (o')l r'eo.c. e~ ei~i"liht-,·u.fn\ P~~,

4. (3 Pts) ff 1ven th e o £ 11 owmg d t a a £ or th ere action: A(g) + 2B(s) =; AB2(g)

Temperature (K) Kc

300 1.5x104

600 55 k ' pr, cl l<..J~

e- ~ r fee, ct o. ~ 1<

900 3.4 X 10-3

Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic (explain your answer)?

t d- IS o.,;r-. \4\a..i~1f't~ °the te.Y'il(lf1,:J'u.r-a a•~S. j lrvdu..c,,.) +~H~to{' '\

exothe-rnh't.-- ,.. ..,. (/.., ,~.

5. (4 Pts) Consider the reaction, N2(g) + 3H2(g) =; 2NH3(g). Kc= 4.2 at 600 K.

What is the value of Kc for 4 NH3(g) =; 2N2(g) + 6H2(g)

N ... ~l + 3 H~(ri ~ ~Nli3~) kl,= ~:s;H,J3 # 4. J..

~ ;)N~~) ~ ~ H ~) ~\-_ == [A!;J:t D~~Jb

J. [,v 1+3] ~

I

4,:i.~ = 0,05

5.00 mol of ammonia are introduced into a 5.00 L reactor vessel and when the equilibrium is reached, 1.00 mole remains. The concentration equilibrium constant is 17.3.

Initially, there are 5.00 mol of ammonia in a 5.00 L reactor vessel. The initial concentration of ammonia is:

\([NH_3]_i = \frac{5.00mol}{5.00L} = 1.00 M\)

At equilibrium, there is 1.00 mole of ammonia in the 5.00 L vessel. The concentration of ammonia at equilibrium is:

\([NH_3]eq = \frac{1.00mol}{5.00L} = 0.200 M\)

We can calculate the concentrations of all the species at equilibrium using an ICE chart.

       2 NH₃(g) ⇄ 3 H₂(g) + N₂(g)

I          1.00              0          0

C         -2x              +3x        +x

E       1.00-2x          3x          x

Since the concentration of ammonia at equilibrium is 0.200 M,

\(1.00-2x = 0.200\\\\x = 0.400 M\)

The concentrations of all the species at equilibrium are:

\([NH_3] = 0.200 M\\[H_2] = 3x = 1.20 M\\[N_2] = x = 0.400 M\)

The concentration equilibrium constant (Kc) is:

\(Kc = \frac{[H_2]^{2} [N_2]}{[NH_3]^{2} } = \frac{(1.20^{3})(0.400) }{0.200^{2} } = 17.3\)

5.00 mol of ammonia are introduced into a 5.00 L reactor vessel and when the equilibrium is reached, 1.00 mole remains. The concentration equilibrium constant is 17.3.

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Answer:

Carbon Dioxide is and example of an element and Carbon is an example of compound

Is it possible to predict whether a precipitate will likely be white or a color other than white based on the position of the cation's element in the periodic table then the precipitate is determined by qualitative analysis

Precipitation is the formation of a solid in a solution or inside another solid during a chemical reaction or by diffusion in a solid

Here the composition of relatively complex mixture of metal ion can be determined by using qualitative analysis then in group 1 there are insoluble chlorides in that most metal chloride salt are soluble in water and if no precipitate is form then this cation are not present in significant amount and when white precipitate is formed by the solution of AgNO₃ is added to an acidified unknown solution then white precipitate indicate that presence of Cl⁻ ions whereas all chromates are usually yellow orange or red precipitate

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Answer:

MgSO4 + 6H2O ----> MgSO4.6H2O

2C + O2 -----> 2CO

2CuO + C ------> 2Cu + CO2

C2H6 -----> C2H4 + H2

ZnO + C -----> Zn + CO

NiCO3 ------> NiO + CO2

CO2 + 2H2 ------> CH4 +O2

NaOH + HNO3 -----> NaNO3 + H2O

C2H6 --------> C2H4 + H2

Explanation:

Answer:

Number of moles = 0.4626 (Approx)

Explanation:

Given:

Mass of copper = 29.4 gram

Find:

Number of moles

Computation:

Atomic mass of copper = 63.546

Number of moles = Mass / Atomic mass

Number of moles = 29.4 / 63.546

Number of moles = 0.4626 (Approx)

Answer::

Explanation::

The final temperature of the water, given that the heat produced from the burning is added to 5691 g of water at 21 °C, is 79.2 °C

First, we shall obatine the heat of burning 7.90 g of C₆H₆. Details below:

2C₆H₆ + 15O₂ ⟶ 12CO₂ + 6H₂O +6542 KJ

Molar mass of C₆H₆ = 78 g/mol

Mass of C₆H₆ from the balanced equation = 2 × 78 = 156 g

From the balanced equation above,

156 g of C₆H₆ required 6542 KJ of heat

Therefore,

7.90 g of C₆H₆ will require = (7.90 × 6542) / 156 = 331.294 KJ

Finally, we shall determine the final temperature of the water. Details below:

Q = MC(T₂ - T₁)

331294 = 5691 × (T₂ - 21)

Clear bracket

331294 = 5691T₂ - 119511

Collect like terms

331294 + 119511 = 5691T₂

450805 = 5691T₂

Divide both sides by 5691

T₂ = 450805 / 5691

T₂ = 79.2 °C

Thus, the final temperature is 79.2 °C

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The temperature increase from 20 °C to 46 °C indicates that the reaction between zinc and copper sulfate solution is exothermic, with heat being released into the surroundings.

In the given reaction between zinc and copper sulfate solution, the temperature change can provide insights into the type of heat change occurring during the reaction. Based on the provided information, the initial temperature of the copper sulfate solution was 20 °C, and the final temperature of the mixture after the reaction was 46 °C.

The temperature increase observed in this reaction indicates an exothermic heat change. An exothermic reaction releases heat energy into the surroundings, resulting in a temperature rise. In this case, the reaction between zinc and copper sulfate solution is exothermic because the final temperature is higher than the initial temperature.

During the reaction, zinc displaces copper from copper sulfate to form zinc sulfate and copper metal. This displacement reaction is known as a single displacement or redox reaction. Zinc is more reactive than copper and therefore replaces copper in the compound.

The formation of new chemical bonds during the reaction releases energy in the form of heat. This energy is transferred to the surroundings, leading to an increase in temperature. The heat released is greater than the heat absorbed, resulting in a net increase in temperature.

The exothermic nature of this reaction can be explained by the difference in bond energies between the reactants and products. The breaking of bonds in the reactants requires energy input, while the formation of new bonds in the products releases energy.

In this case, the energy released during the formation of zinc sulfate and copper metal is greater than the energy required to break the bonds in copper sulfate and zinc.

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Answer:

Sep 23, 2019 — It's in everyone's benefit if physicians participate in research. By Mukesh K. Jain, Tadataka Yamada and Robert Lefkowitz. Drs. Jain, Yamada ...

Explanation:

The mass of the CrCl₃ will produce is equal to 470.32 grams.

A limiting reagent can be explained as the reactant in the reaction which is finished first during the completion of a chemical reaction.

The limiting reagent will decide the amount of the yield of the product when the amount of the reactants of a reaction is not taken in stoichiometry.

Given, the chemical reaction of CrCl₂ and chlorine is:

2 CrCl₂ + Cl₂  →  2CrCl₃

The mass of the chlorine = 184.66 g

The number of moles of  chlorine = 184.66/71 = 2.60 mol

The mass of the CrCl₂ = 365.18 g

The number of moles of CrCl₂ = 365.18/123 = 2.97 mol

The 2 moles of CrCl₂ react with chlorine  = 1 mol

2.97 mol of CrCl₂ react with chlorine  = 2.97/2 = 1.49 mol

Therefore CrCl₂ is a limiting reagent.

The 2.97 mol of CrCl₂ will produce 2.97 moles of CrCl₃.

The mass of the CrCl₃ = 2.97 × 158.36 = 470.32 g

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The states of matter and balanced equations are as follows:

Chemical bonds are broken and new bonds are formed during chemical reactions, but atoms in the reactants do not disappear and new atoms do not form products. Chemical reactions do not create or destroy atoms. The same atoms that were present in the reactants are present in the products—they are just rearranged in different configurations. must exist in

The subscript is part of the formula and should not be changed once the reactant and product formulas have been determined. The coefficients indicate the number of each substance involved in the reaction and can be changed to balance the equation.

In the presence of heat Gold (ll) acetate decomposes:

Au(C₂H₃O₂)₂ (s) --> Au (s) + 2CO₂ (g) + 3H₂O (g)

Aluminum wire is added to the solution of nickel (ll) nitrate:

Al (s) + Ni(NO₃)₂ (aq) --> Al(NO₃)₃ (aq) + Ni (s)

A solution of sodium phosphate is added to the solution of ammonium chromate:

Na₃PO₄ (aq) + NH₄CrO₄ (aq) --> NaCrO₄ (aq) + NH₄PO₄ (aq)

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Answer:

6°C

Explanation:

The range of a data set is the difference between the maximum and minimum values.

In this case, the maximum temperature is 24°C and the minimum temperature is 18°C. Therefore, the range is:

Range = Maximum value - Minimum value

Range = 24°C - 18°C

Range = 6°C

So the range of the student's data set is 6°C.

Answer: 6°C

The range of a data set is the difference between the maximum and minimum values.

The maximum temperature = 24°C

The minimum temperature = 18°C

Therefore, the range is:

Range = Maximum value - Minimum value

Range = 24°C - 18°C

Range = 6°C

So the range of the student's data set is 6°C.

Combining "hydro" and "genes" in the context of the Latin roots, we can interpret it as "water origin" or "water-related origin."

The term "hydro" in Latin means "water." It is derived from the Greek word "hydor," which also signifies water. "Hydro" is commonly used as a prefix in scientific terms related to water or hydrogen. In the context of chemistry, "hydro" often denotes a compound or process involving water or hydrogen atoms. For example, hydrocarbon refers to organic compounds composed solely of hydrogen and carbon atoms.

On the other hand, "genes" in Latin is derived from the Greek word "genos," which translates to "origin" or "birth." In biology, the term "genes" refers to the segments of DNA that contain instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms. Genes determine various traits, such as physical characteristics, behavior, and susceptibility to certain diseases. They play a fundamental role in the transmission of hereditary information from one generation to another.

This interpretation aligns with the understanding that hydrogen, which is essential for life and abundant in water, plays a vital role in various biological and chemical processes.

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Explanation:

this is a single Replacement Reaction, so Na and Cl will form a bond.

The energy found in the reactants remains in the system, and the reactants also take energy from the surroundings.

Answer:

40,113 years

Explanation:

To find the age of the sample, you need to use the half-life formula:

\(N(t)=N_0(\frac{1}{2})^{t/h\)

In this formula:

------> N(t) = current mass (g)

------> N₀ = initial mass (g)

------> t = time passed (yrs)

------> h = half-life (yrs)

You can plug the given values into the equation and rearrange the formula to find "t".

N(t) = 0.781 g                       t = ? yrs

N₀ = 100 g                           h = 5730 yrs

\(N(t)=N_0(\frac{1}{2})^{t/h\)                                           <----- Half-life formula

\(0.781=100(\frac{1}{2})^{t/5730}\)                                     <----- Insert values

\(0.00781=(\frac{1}{2})^{t/5730}\)                                       <----- Divide both sides by 100

\(log_{1/2}(0.00781)=log_{1/2}((\frac{1}{2})^ {t/5730})\)               <----- Take \(log_{1/2}\) of both sides

\(7.00 = \frac{t}{5730}\)                                                   <----- Solve \(log_{1/2}\)

\(40,113 = t\)                                                   <----- Multiply both sides by 5730

The given sample is 40,113 years .

Half-life, in radioactivity, is the interval of time required for one-half of the atomic nuclei of a radioactive sample to decay.

Half-life formula,

\(\rm N(t)\;=N_0(\dfrac{1}{2})^\frac{t}{t1/2}\)   .......(1)

where,

N(t)=current mass

N₀=initial mass

t=time period

h=half -life

Given,

N(t)=0.781g, t=? yrs, N₀=100g, h=5730 years

\(\rm N(t)\;=N_0(\dfrac{1}{2})^\frac{t}{t1/2}\)

put the values, in ......(1)

0.781=100(1/2) \(t/5730\\\)

log₁/₂(0.00781)=log₁/₂ ( 1/2)\(t/5730\)

7=t/5730

40,113=t

Hence, the given sample is 40,113 years .

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Answer:Many nocturnal animals have a mirror-like layer, called the tapetum, behind the retina, which helps them make the most of small amounts of light.

Explanation:

This is challenging to provide an exact prediction for the melting and boiling points. Experimental factors, impurities, and other variables can influence these values.

To predict the melting and boiling points for methylamine (CH3NH2), we can consider the differences in molecular structure and intermolecular forces compared to ethane. Methylamine has a nitrogen atom in place of one carbon atom in ethane.

Methylamine exhibits hydrogen bonding due to the presence of the nitrogen atom, which can form hydrogen bonds with other methylamine molecules. Ethane, on the other hand, lacks a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom, so it does not participate in hydrogen bonding.

Hydrogen bonding is stronger than the London dispersion forces present in ethane. Consequently, methylamine is expected to have stronger intermolecular forces and thus higher melting and boiling points compared to ethane.

Considering this, we can predict that the melting point of methylamine will be higher than -183 °C, the melting point of ethane. Similarly, the boiling point of methylamine will be higher than -89 °C, the boiling point of ethane.

However, without specific experimental data or a detailed analysis of methylamine's properties.

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Answer:

it is b

Explanation:

because i took the thing

A severe flood, an outbreak of bird flu, and reduced competition for food would affect small and large populations of birds equally. An influx of new predators into the community, however, would likely affect small populations more dramatically than large populations because the small population size can be more quickly depleted.

Bird-flu, also known as avian influenza, is a type of viral infection that infects birds and certain types of mammals, such as ducks and pigs. It can be caused by either Type A or Type B strains of the virus and can cause varying degrees of illness in birds, from mild to severe. In humans, bird-flu is usually a relatively mild respiratory illness but can sometimes result in more severe illnesses or even death. Bird-flu can be spread through contact with infected birds, contact with contaminated surfaces or through inhalation of tiny droplets from an infected bird’s cough or sneeze. It is important to practice proper hygienic habits around birds, including washing hands after handling birds and avoiding touching surfaces that may have had contact with bird droppings.

A predator is an organism that hunts another organism (its prey) to obtain food. Predators can be animals, insects and even plants. In a biological food web, predators are usually at the top of the food chain as they specialize in hunting other organisms. They play an important role in controlling the population of their prey and in maintaining balance in their habitat.

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Answer: 1

Explanation: C= 1 if you round 1.04 to a single digit the answer is 1

Answer:

cooking an egg is a chemical reaction because you can change the cooked egg into it original form

Explanation:

pls pls give brainliest pls

Answer:

Yes,Cooking an egg is a chemical reaction.

Explanation:

There are two types of reactions