Self Evaluation 1. The elements A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L represent metals in the decreasing order of reactivity. Which one of them is most likely to
(a) occur as salt of fluorides and chlorides?
(b) occur as oxides and sulphides? ​

The balanced equation is as follows:

Cr₂O₃ + 3Mg → 2CrO₃ + 3MgO

2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

2NaBr + Cl₂ → 2NaCl + Br₂

A balanced chemical equation is a representation of a chemical reaction using the chemical formulas of the reactants and products. The equation shows the relative amounts of each reactant and product, and it satisfies the law of conservation of mass, which states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction, only rearranged.

A balanced chemical equation has the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation, meaning that the total mass of the reactants is equal to the total mass of the products. The balancing is achieved by adjusting the coefficients in front of the chemical formulas to ensure that the number of atoms of each element is equal on both sides of the equation.

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A polymer called polystyrene (PS) is created from the liquid hydrocarbon styrene, which is produced commercially from petroleum.

The monomers of the aromatic hydrocarbon styrene are converted into a synthetic polymer known as polystyrene. Polystyrene can be either foamed or solid. For normal use, polystyrene is clear, hard, and brittle. It is a fairly priced resin when measured by weight. It has a weak barrier to oxygen and water vapor and a relatively low melting point. Polystyrene is commonly used to preserve consumer items in both solid and foam forms. In order to protect food from damage or spoiling, polystyrene is frequently used to produce CD and DVD covers, foam shipping peanuts, food packaging, meat/poultry trays, and egg cartons.

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Three students are asked to discuss the sources of error that might have affected the outcome of the lab therefore the student that employs correct scientific reasoning is Student 1.

This is referred to as a facility that provides controlled conditions for scientific experiments, research etc. it contains different tools snd equipment such as microscope, beaker etc which helps to obtain accurate results.

The student that employs correct scientific reasoning is Student 1 as he considers if the spot was placed below the solvent level, it would cause the sample to be dissolved into the solvent pool before traveling up the plate which is the error.

During the process of Thin-layer chromatography, it should be placed in such a way that only the lower edge of the plate touches the solvent which is therefore the correct choice.

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Tthe average mass of a proton in potassium is 2.059 u/proton.

In order to calculate the average mass of a proton in an element (e.g. potassium), you need to follow these steps :

Step 1 : Find the atomic number of the element, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.

For potassium, the atomic number is 19. Therefore, there are 19 protons in the nucleus of a potassium atom.

Step 2: Find the isotopes of the element and their relative abundances.

Potassium has three naturally occurring isotopes : potassium-39 (93.26%), potassium-40 (0.01%), and potassium-41 (6.73%).

Step 3:Find the mass of each isotope, which is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Potassium-39 has 39 - 19 = 20 neutrons

potassium-40 has 40 - 19 = 21 neutrons

potassium-41 has 41 - 19 = 22 neutrons.

Therefore, the masses of the isotopes are : potassium-39 (39.0983 u), potassium-40 (39.963 u), and potassium-41 (40.9618 u).

Step 4: Use the relative abundances of the isotopes and their masses to calculate the average mass of a proton in the element.

The formula for calculating the average atomic mass of an element is :

average atomic mass = (mass of isotope 1 × relative abundance of isotope 1) + (mass of isotope 2 × relative abundance of isotope 2) + (mass of isotope 3 × relative abundance of isotope 3) + ...

Using the masses and relative abundances of the isotopes of potassium, we get :

average atomic mass = (39.0983 u × 0.9326) + (39.963 u × 0.0001) + (40.9618 u × 0.0673) = 39.102 u

Therefore, the average mass of a proton in potassium is 39.102 u / 19 protons = 2.059 u/proton.

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Answer:

0.116 moles of ammonia can be produced from the reaction of 4.0 liters of hydrogen at 50.0°C and 1.2atm of pressure with excess nitrogen.

Explanation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of hydrogen and nitrogen to form ammonia is:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g)

To determine how many moles of ammonia can be produced from the reaction of 4.0 liters of hydrogen at 50.0°C and 1.2atm of pressure with excess nitrogen, we need to use the ideal gas law equation:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.

First, we need to convert the volume of hydrogen gas to moles using the ideal gas law equation:

n = PV/RT

where P is the pressure in atm, V is the volume in liters, R is the gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K), and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

n = (1.2 atm)(4.0 L)/(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)(50.0°C + 273) = 0.174 mol H2

Since there is excess nitrogen, all of the hydrogen will react to form ammonia. Using the mole ratio between NH3 and H2 from the balanced chemical equation:

2 mol NH3 / 3 mol H2

we can calculate how many moles of NH3 will be produced:

n(NH3) = (0.174 mol H2) × (2 mol NH3 / 3 mol H2) = 0.116 mol NH3

Therefore, 0.116 moles of ammonia can be produced from the reaction of 4.0 liters of hydrogen at 50.0°C and 1.2atm of pressure with excess nitrogen.

You can take small steps to make environment more clean, activities like saving electricity, water, fuel, etc. decrease your carbon footprint.

1. Stop buying your water in plastic. Get a reusable water bottle.

2. Incorporate walking or biking to some of your regular short-trip destinations.

3. Turn off lights and unplug devices when you’re not using them.

4. Eat more food that is grown or made locally and less red meat.

5. Use the cold water cycle for washing your clothes.

6. Use alternative transportation (bus, train, carpool, or bike) to get to work one day per week.

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Answer:

What is the most likely source of nitrogen in runoff? Fossil fuel emissions.

The volume of 0.50 M H₂SO₄ that should be added to 65 mL of 0.20 M H₂SO₄ to obtain a final solution of 0.35 M is 6.2 mL.

To calculate the volume (V) of 0.50 M H₂SO₄ that should be added to 65 mL of 0.20 M H₂SO₄ to obtain a final solution of 0.35 M, we can use the molarity formula and rearrange it as follows:

Molarity = moles of solute (n) / volume of solution in liters (V)

Step 1: Calculate the moles of H₂SO₄ in 65 mL of 0.20 M H₂SO₄:

Molarity of H₂SO₄ = 0.20 M

Moles of H₂SO₄ = Molarity × volume of solution in liters

Moles of H₂SO₄ = 0.20 M × 65 mL × (1 L / 1000 mL) = 0.013 moles of H₂SO₄

Step 2: Determine the volume of 0.35 M H₂SO₄ containing 0.013 moles of H₂SO₄:

Volume of solution in liters = moles of solute / molarity

Volume of 0.35 M H₂SO₄ = 0.013 moles of H₂SO₄ / 0.35 M = 0.037 L

Step 3: Calculate the volume of 0.50 M H₂SO₄ required to achieve a final solution of 0.35 M H₂SO₄.

Let V represent the volume of 0.50 M H₂SO₄ in mL. The moles of H₂SO₄ in 0.50 M H₂SO₄ can be calculated using the molarity formula:

Moles of H₂SO₄ = Molarity × volume of solution in liters

Moles of H₂SO₄ = 0.50 M × V mL × (1 L / 1000 mL)

The total moles of H₂SO₄ in the final solution is the sum of the moles of H₂SO₄ from 65 mL of 0.20 M H₂SO₄ and V mL of 0.50 M H₂SO₄.

Total moles of H₂SO₄ = 0.013 moles + 0.50 M × V mL × (1 L / 1000 mL)

The final volume of the solution is 0.037 L, and the final molarity is 0.35 M. We can use the volume formula to solve for V mL.

Volume of solution in liters = moles of solute / molarity

0.037 L = (0.013 moles + 0.50 V mL × (1 L / 1000 mL)) / 0.35 M

Simplifying the equation:

0.013 + 0.50 V / 1000 = 0.01295

V / 1000 = (0.01295 - 0.013) / 0.50

V = 6.2 mL

Therefore, the volume of 0.50 M H₂SO₄ that should be added to 65 mL of 0.20 M H₂SO₄ to obtain a final solution of 0.35 M is 6.2 mL.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

Animals take in oxygen and convert it into carbon dioxide therefore the oxygen levels will decrease and the carbon dioxide levels will increase

If an animal is placed into a sealed container for a short time, the oxygen level will:  decrease and the carbon dioxide level will increase.

The oxygen held inside the space is quickly being consumed by the freight or because of rusting inside a space, and that encased spaces must consistently be treated as perilous. And the carbon dioxide levels on the other hand will increase.

It will not take a long time for an animal to survive under these conditions.

Thus. option A is correct.

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Since the half-life of Iridium-192 is 73.83 days, we need to calculate how many half-lives it would take for the sample to reach 1% of its original amount. it would take approximately 516.81 days .

In radioactive decay, the amount of a radioactive substance decreases by half during each half-life. To find the number of half-lives required for the sample to decay to 1% of its original amount, we can use the formula:

Number of half-lives = (log(1%)) / (log(1/2))

First, we convert 1% to its decimal form, which is 0.01. Taking the logarithm base 10 (log) of 0.01 gives us -2. Next, taking the logarithm base 10 (log) of 1/2 gives us -0.301.

Substituting these values into the formula, we find:

Number of half-lives = (-2) / (-0.301) ≈ 6.64

Since we cannot have a fraction of a half-life, we round up to the nearest whole number. Therefore, it would take approximately 7 half-lives for a sample of Iridium-192 to decay to 1% of its original amount.

To determine the number of days, we multiply the number of half-lives by the half-life duration:

Number of days = 7 half-lives * 73.83 days per half-life ≈ 516.81 days

Therefore, it would take approximately 516.81 days for a sample of Iridium-192 to decay to 1% of its original amount.

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The reaction has \(\Delta G\) value of -296 kJ/mol, and the reaction is spontaneous. Hence, option A is correct.

The value of \(\Delta G\) for the reaction is the change in the free energy. The \(\Delta G\) for the reaction is calculated as:

\(\Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S\)

The given reaction is:
\(\rm 2\;SO_2\;+\;O_2\;\to\;2\;SO_3\)

The change in enthalpy and entropy is given by the difference in product and reactant.

Thus, the change in free energy is given as:

\(\Delta G=(\Delta H_{product}-\Delta H_{reactant})-T(\Delta S_{product}-\Delta S_{reactant})\\\\\Delta G=(2(\Delta H_{SO_3})-(2(\Delta H_{SO_2})\;+\;\Delta S_{O_2}))-T((2(\Delta S_{SO_3})-(2(\Delta S_{SO_2}))\)

Substituting the values in the above equation at a temperature of 300 K.

\(\Delta G=(2(-396)-(2(-297)\;+\;(0)))-300\;(2(130.58)-(2(191.50)+(205)))\\\Delta G=(-792-(-1386))-300\;(261.16+588)\\\Delta G=-296\; \rm kJ/mol\)

The negative value of \(\Delta G\) represents the reaction to be spontaneous.

Thus, the reaction has \(\Delta G\) value of -296 kJ/mol, and the reaction is spontaneous. Hence, option A is correct.

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Answer:

3. They allow us to take energy from natural processes

Explanation:

There are two major sources of energy namely: renewable and non-renewable. Renewable sources of energy are those natural sources that gets replenished faster than they are utilized, which is contrary to non-renewable sources. Examples of renewable sources of energy are wind energy, solar energy, hydro (water) energy.

According to the question, one advantage or merit that renewable sources have over their counterparts is that they allow us to take energy from natural processes e.g. wind, sunlight etc.

Answer:

14

Explanation:

If the sum of three consecutive even numbers is 48, the smallest of these numbers is 14.

Heat absorbed by water is 2354625 J.

If the heat is absorbed by the system, then it is an Endothermic reaction. Heat absorbed depends on the temperature and mass of the system. When the mass of the system is increased, the value of heat absorbed also increases.

Heat absorbed can be calculated by the given formula :

Q = m C ΔT

where:

m = mass of the system

C = Specific heat capacity

ΔT = Change in the temperature

Given :

m = 30 g

C = 3139.5 J

ΔT = 25° C

Substituting the values in the above-given equation:

Q = 30 × 3139.5 × 25 = 2354625 J.

2354625 Joule heat must be absorbed by the 30 g of water to rise its temperature by 25°C.

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Answer:

to produce silicon tetrachloride and water

Explanation:

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Answer:

B. the object; the eye

Explanation:

Have a good day!

A lack of natural resources can cause problems in society, such as economic instability as industries that rely on those resources become unable to operate.

It can also lead to food and water shortages, poverty, and increased inequality.An abundance of natural resources can also cause problems in society. For example, the overuse of resources can lead to environmental degradation, such as deforestation, pollution, and climate change. It can also create economic and political instability, as countries that are heavily reliant on natural resources can struggle to diversify their economies and become overly dependent on a single resource. Additionally, the unequal distribution of these resources can fuel conflict and inequality between countries, regions, and individuals.

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Chemicals are not supposed to be poured down the drain.

Chemicals should not be poured down the drain. This can cause harm to the plumbing system, sewage treatment plants, and the environment. Dispose of household chemicals properly by taking them to a designated recycling center or household hazardous waste collection event.

Thus the action that have been undertaken by Thomas and Trenton  is quite wrong since the chemicals that they have poured down the drain could lead to an environmental hazard.

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By understanding conversion factors and how they are related to each other we can use dimensional analysis to solve  problems.

Dimensional Analysis is a step by step approach to solving problems in Physics, Chemistry , and Mathematics. It involves having a clear knowledge and understanding to be able to convert a given unit to another in the same dimension using  conversion factors and knowing how they are related to each other.

For instance, In Chemistry, we want to Convert 120mL to L.(note that ml stands for millilitres and ;L stands for litres)

Or first approach will be to write out the conversion factor related to our problem which is

1000ml =1L

such that 120ml = (we cross multiply))

giving us  120ml x 1L/1000ml =0.12L

This same process is applied to convert any type of dimensional analysis problems be it physics or mathematics.

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A buffered solution will resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

molecules have potential energy and kinetic energy.

Tempreture is defined as the average kinetic energy and internal energy is PE+KE. Pptential energy in particles or molecules is just there position relative to one another. A gas which has seperated particles will have a greater potential energy than a solid/liquid.

The appropriate reagent for the conversion of methyl bromide to methylmagnesium bromide is magnesium metal in the presence of diethyl ether.

The balanced chemical equation for the conversion is:

CH3Br + Mg + (C2H5)2O → CH3MgBr + Mg(O(C2H5)2)

The solvent, diethyl ether, plays an important role in the reaction by solvating the magnesium ions and stabilizing the reactive intermediate. The other reagents mentioned, such as 3Mg(OCH3)2, MgSO4, H2O, and MgBr2, are not suitable for the conversion of methyl bromide to methylmagnesium bromide.

Mg is a great option for the conversion of methyl bromide to methylmagnesium bromide. It is often used as a metal catalyst or co-catalyst in organic reactions since it is a potent and flexible reducing agent. It is an outstanding choice for preparing Grignard reagents because of its reactivity.

Mg is an important element that is used in a variety of chemical reactions. Magnesium, abbreviated as Mg, is a chemical element with the atomic number 12. It is an alkaline earth metal that is the 8th most abundant element in the Earth's crust.

The appropriate reagent for conversion of methyl bromide to methylmagnesium bromide is MgBr2, diethyl ether. Grignard reagent preparation begins with the use of anhydrous magnesium, ether, and the organic halide to be employed. This is why MgBr2 and diethyl ether are used in this conversion reaction.

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The statement "Reaction of heating potassium permanganate produces potassium manganate" is false.

The reaction of heating potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) does not produce potassium manganate (K₂MnO₄). Instead, it undergoes a thermal decomposition reaction, resulting in the formation of different products.

When heated, potassium permanganate decomposes into potassium manganate (K₂MnO₄), manganese dioxide (MnO₂), and oxygen gas (O₂).

The reaction can be represented as follows:

2 KMnO₄(s) → K₂MnO₄(s) + MnO₂(s) + O₂(g)

Therefore, heating potassium permanganate leads to the formation of potassium manganate, along with manganese dioxide and oxygen gas. The color change from purple to green observed during the reaction is due to the formation of potassium manganate.

However, it is important to note that potassium manganate is not the sole product of the reaction but one of the products alongside manganese dioxide and oxygen gas.

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Complete question :

Reaction of heating potassium permanganate produces potassium manganate. T/F

Step 1 - Understanding what "pentyl" and "ethyl" mean

Whenever you have some part of a molecule's name ending in -yl, it means this group is a ramification, or at least can be interpreted as such. Therefore, if the molecule is a cyclopentyl ethyl amine, we got to look for the molecule in which a cyclopentane and an ethane can be seen as ramifications.

Step 2 - Identifying the correct structure

Note that in molecule A, the N atom is part of the cycle. Therefore, it's not a cyclopenthane ramification. In molecule B, on the other hand, there is indeed a cyclopenthane as ramification.

Therefore, the correct structure is molecule B.

The number of hamburgers sold on Wednesday is 275.

Let's assume the number of hamburgers sold is x.

According to the given information, the number of cheeseburgers sold is 70 more than the number of hamburgers. So, the number of cheeseburgers sold can be expressed as x + 70.

The total number of hamburgers and cheeseburgers sold is given as 620, so we can set up the following equation:

x + (x + 70) = 620

Combining like terms, we get:

2x + 70 = 620

Subtracting 70 from both sides of the equation:

2x = 550

Dividing both sides by 2:

x = 275

Therefore, the number of hamburgers sold on Wednesday is 275.

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Answer:

2.78 moles of water are produced.

Explanation:

Given data:

Number of moles of H₂O produced = ?

Number of moles of oxygen react = 3.25 mol

Solution:

Chemical equation:

2C₂H₆ + 7O₂       →     4CO₂ + 6H₂O

Now we will compare the moles of water with oxygen.

                O₂          :          H₂O

                 7            :           6

               3.25        :           6/7×3.25 = 2.78 mol

a) The sphere emits thermal radiation at a rate of 139.75 Watts.

b) The sphere absorbs thermal radiation at a rate of 37.66 Watts.

c) The sphere's net rate of energy exchange is 102.09 Watts.

To calculate the rates of thermal radiation emission and absorption, we can use the Stefan-Boltzmann law, which states that the rate of thermal radiation emitted or absorbed by an object is proportional to its surface area, temperature, and the Stefan-Boltzmann constant.

a) The rate of thermal radiation emitted by the sphere can be calculated using the formula:

Emitting Rate = emissivity * surface area * Stefan-Boltzmann constant * (\(temperature^4 - environment\ temperature^4\))

Plugging in the given values:

Emitting Rate = \(0.924 * (4\pi * (0.457)^2) * 5.67 \times 10^{-8} * ((32.2 + 273.15)^4 - (82.9 + 273.15)^4)\)

Emitting Rate ≈ 139.75 Watts

b) The rate of thermal radiation absorbed by the sphere can be calculated in a similar way but using the environment temperature as the object's temperature:

Absorbing Rate = emissivity * surface area * Stefan-Boltzmann constant * (\(environment\ temperature^4 - temperature^4\))

Plugging in the given values:

Absorbing Rate = \(0.924 * (4\pi * (0.457)^2) * 5.67 \times 10^{-8} * ((82.9 + 273.15)^4 - (32.2 + 273.15)^4)\)

Absorbing Rate ≈ 37.66 Watts

c) The net rate of energy exchange is the difference between the emitting rate and the absorbing rate:

Net Rate = Emitting Rate - Absorbing Rate

Net Rate = 139.75 Watts - 37.66 Watts

Net Rate ≈ 102.09 Watts

Therefore, the sphere emits thermal radiation at a rate of 139.75 Watts, absorbs thermal radiation at a rate of 37.66 Watts, and has a net rate of energy exchange of 102.09 Watts.

Note: The units for all the rates are Watts.

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