Review how scientific ideas change with time.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

experiments which gases that first became possible at the turn of the nineteenth century legend Dalton in 1803 to propose a modern theory of the atom based on the how did the following assumptions


Related Questions

Which best describes Lenny’s error?

In Step 1, he should have found the square root of 400 J instead of squaring 8 m/s.
In Step 1, he should have multiplied 8 m/s by 2 instead of squaring it.
In Step 2, he should have divided 64 m2/s2 by 400 J instead of dividing 400 J by 64 m2/s2.
In Step 3, he should have multiplied 6.25 J per m2/s2 by 2 instead of dividing it by 2.

Answers

In Step 3, he should have multiplied 6.25 J per m2/s2 by 2 instead of dividing it by 2 best describes Lenny’s error. Therefore, option D is correct.

What is kinetic energy ?

The term kinetic energy is defined as the energy that it possesses due to its motion. It is also defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity.

The object contain an kinetic energy,

Given Mass of an object = 400 J

Energy moving at a velocity = 8 m/s.

Ek = 1/2 mv²

= 400J = 1/2 × m 64

= 400J/ 64= 1/2 m

= 6.25 × 2

= 12.25kg

So, In the step 3 ,he should have multiplied 6.25 J per m²/s² by 2 instead of dividing it by 2.

Thus, option D is correct.

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Your question is incomplete, most probably your question was

Lenny wrote the steps he used to find the mass of an object with 400 J of energy moving at a velocity of 8 m/s.

1. Find the square of 8 m/s, which is 64 m2/s2.

2. Divide kinetic energy, 400 J, by 64 m2/s2, which is 6.25 J per m2/s2.

3. Divide 6.25 J per m2/s2 by 2 to get a mass of 3.125 kg.

Which best describes Lenny’s error?

A. In Step 1, he should have found the square root of 400 J instead of squaring 8 m/s.

B. In Step 1, he should have multiplied 8 m/s by 2 instead of squaring it.

C. In Step 2, he should have divided 64 m2/s2 by 400 J instead of dividing 400 J by 64 D. m2/s2.

In Step 3, he should have multiplied 6.25 J per m2/s2 by 2 instead of dividing it by 2.

Can someone please help me understand the difference between oxidation and reduction with an example. Also known as redox.

Answers

During the oxidative phosphorylation of cellular respiration, hydrogen can be considered as a reducing agent because it loses electrons while molecular oxygen is an oxidizing agent because it accepts electrons.

What are reducing and oxidizing agents?

Reducing and oxidizing agents are different molecules that accept and donate electrons in chemical redox reactions such as oxygen which accept and hydrogen which donates.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that reducing and oxidizing agents are related and they work together to move electrons in different redox reactions such as occur during cellular respiration.

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7. Ionic solids use regular, repeating patterns to create crystal-like structures.
Fe+2 and S-2 are shown below. Use 10 cations and 10 anions to build the crystal
lattice structure of FeS (your final model should have 20 circles.)

Answers

Ionic solids use regular, repeating patterns to create crystal-like structures. Therefore, lattice structure of FeS  is of cubic.

What is Ionic solids?

Ionic solids would those be crystalline solids that include ions with opposite charges that are kept together by intense electrostatic forces of attraction. (ionic bonds). Examples: Ionic solids like NaCl, KBr, etc. have crystals. Describe how the anions and cations are arranged using a clear geometric design.

Describe how the anions and cations are arranged using a clear geometric design. They thus exist at room temperature as crystalline solids. They never exist as liquids or gases under normal pressure and temperature circumstances. Lattice structure of FeS is of cubic.

Therefore, lattice structure of FeS  is of cubic.

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what does the S in S8 represent (Select All that Apply)

• An atom of Sulfur
• An isotope of Sulfur
• An allotrope of Sulfur
• A collection of atoms of Sulfur

Answers

Answer:

An atom of Sulfur

Explanation:

i did a Quick search and im trying to get pass the "help a person first"

Answer:

• A collection of atoms of Sulfur

Explanation:

I'll assume the notation is written as \(S_{8}\).  A subscript after an element symbol represent the number of individual atoms of the symbol.  In this case \(S_{8}\) is telling us we have 8 sulfur atoms that are somehow connected to each other.  That is in contrast with 8S, which means we have 8 different sulfur atoms.  A chemical formaula, such as \(CH_{4}\) tells us we have a molecule containing 1 carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms.

a bag containing 0 oc ice is much more effective in absorbing energy than one containing the same amount of 0 oc water. (a) how much heat transfer is necessary to raise the temperature of 0.800 kg of water from 0 oc to 30.0 oc? (b) how much heat transfer is required to first melt 0.800 kg of 0 oc ice and then raise its temperature?

Answers

a)100464 J is the heat necessary to raise the temperature of 0.800kg of water from 0°C to 30°C .

b)125847.2x10³ J is the heat required to first melt and then raise the temperature of ice from 0°C to 30°C .

a)The concept of heat transfer which is a part of thermal properties of fluids that deals with melting, evaporation and sublimation is a prominent topic of discussion for physicists and chemists across the world. This particular concept is thus applied to solve the given question by the formula

Q=ms(ΔT)

m=mass of water

s=specific heat of water=4186 J/kg or 4.186 cal/g

Specific heat of water is the heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg water by 1°C.

T=change in temperature

=0.800 x 4186 J/kg x (30°C-0°C)

=100464 J

b) For melting and raising temperature;

Q=mLf + ms(Δ)T

Here,Lf is latent heat of fusion which is the heat required to convert solid into liquid i.e. 334 kJ/kg .

=0.800kg x 334 kJ/kg x (30°C-0°C)

=125847.2 x 10³ J

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What is the temperature change if 400 J of energy is added to 10 grams of water

A) 40 degrees Celsius
B) 1 degrees Celsius
C) 100 degrees Celsius
D) 10 degrees Celsius

Answers

The temperature change if 400 J of energy is added to 10 grams of water is 9.57°C.

How to calculate temperature change?

The temperature change of a calorimeter can be calculated using the following expression:

E = mc∆T

Where;

E = energy in joulesm = massc = specific heat capacity = 4.18J/g°C∆T = change in temperature

400 = 10 × 4.18 × ∆T

400 = 41.8∆T

∆T = 400/41.8

∆T = 9.57°C

Therefore, the temperature change if 400 J of energy is added to 10 grams of water is 9.57°C.

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what is hard water and soft water​

Answers

Answer:

Hard water is water that has high mineral content, Soft water is free from dissolved salts of such metals as calcium, iron, or magnesium

Explanation:

Hard water is water that contains a quantity of dissolved minerals e.g. calcium and magnesium.Soft water is treated water in which the only ion is sodium.

In your OWN words, what is the difference between a solute, solvent, and solution?

Answers

Answer:A solution is a homogeneous mixture consisting of a solute dissolved into a solvent . The solute is the substance that is being dissolved, while the solvent is the dissolving medium.

Explanation:A solution is a homogeneous mixture consisting of a solute dissolved into a solvent . The solute is the substance that is being dissolved, while the solvent is the dissolving medium.

PLEASEEEEE CAN SOMEONE HELP MEEE??? (iI have TWO questions PLSPLSPLSPSLPLSPLSPLSP)

3.) What happened to Patroclus at the end of yesterday's reading?

He won the battle.

He went to Mt. Olympus to talk to Zeus.

He died.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.Who was Agamemnon trying to persuade to come fight with him again?

Patroclus

Achilles

Odysseus

Hector

Around 1750 Benjamin Franklin knew of two opposite types of electric charge, produced by rubbing a glass rod or amber rod with fir. He decided that the charge developed on the glass rod should be "positive" charge, and from there on charges were defined. What would have changed if Franklin had decided the amber rod was the positive charge?

Answers

If Benjamin Franklin had decided to call the charge on the amber rod positive, nothing would have changed only that we would have a different convention for identifying charges.

What would have changed?

We know that electricity has to do with the flow of  current, there are fundamentally two kinds of charge, a positive and a negative charge. We know that the kind of charge that a material carries is arbitrary.

As we can see here, it was Benjamin Franklin in 1750 that defined the charge on the glass rod and the charge on the amber rod as negative. If Benjamin Franklin had decided to call the charge on the amber rod positive, nothing would have changed only that we would have a different convention for identifying charges.

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3. Why didn't other scientist claim that there was an irwisible crystal layer around the Moon become widely accepted?

Answers

What is most widely accepted today is the giant-impact theory. It the Moon formed during a collision between the Earth and another small planet, about the There may indeed be several objects in orbit around Earth.

SO³ = SO² +..........??​

Answers

i believe the answer is S^2 or 0

The pH of the ocean is around 8.1, is the ocean considered a
buffer? Why or Why not?

Answers

Yes, the sea is considered a buffer.

A buffer is a solution that resists pH changes when acids or bases are added. The buffering capacity of the ocean allows it to maintain a relatively stable pH even when acids and bases are added.

The ocean's buffering capacity is primarily due to the presence of dissolved compounds such as bicarbonate (HCO3-) and carbonate (CO32-). These compounds act as both weak acids and bases, accepting and releasing hydrogen ions (H+) to maintain pH balance. When carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere dissolves in seawater, carbonic acid (H2CO3) is produced and decomposed into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions.

This transformation helps prevent a rapid drop in pH as excess hydrogen ions combine with carbonate ions to form bicarbonate ions, which can reduce overall acidity.

When alkali such as hydroxide ions (OH-) is added to the ocean, excess hydroxide ions combine with hydrogen ions to form water molecules, reducing alkalinity.

The presence of these dissolved compounds and their interconversion reactions stabilize the pH of the ocean, making it less susceptible to rapid changes in acidity or alkalinity. This buffering capacity is essential for the survival and maintenance of marine life, as many organisms are sensitive to changes in pH.

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In calorimetry experiments we are able to determine the amount of heat exchanged in a chemical reaction or process by measuring the amount of heat lost or gained in the surroundings.
a. True
b. False

Answers

The given statement is True.

A calorimeter is a tool used in the calorimetry process. Calorimetry is a method for measuring a physical or chemical reaction's heat capacity as well as its heat changes. Therefore, the measurement of heat gained or lost by a system and its surroundings uses a calorimeter

Where is calorimetry employed?

Calorimetry is a popular tool for measuring chemical reactions and biological ones. The primary benefit of calorimetry is that it does not require expensive equipment and can monitor minute changes in energy.

What is a practical illustration of calorimetry?

Calorimeters are useful in a variety of fields, including academia. An industrial pilot plant can use a DSC to assess the impact of a change to a product's formula. In food testing labs, oxygen bomb calorimeters are useful for calculating the quantity of heat (calories) in food.

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How do you prepare 300 ml buffer of 100 mm tris ph 7. 8 and 250 mm nacl?

Answers

A buffer of 300 ml of 100 mM Tris pH 7.8 and 250 mM NaCl can be prepared by dissolving 3.64 g of Tris and 4.27 g of NaCl in 300 ml of water, and adjusting the pH to 7.8 using 10 ml of 1 M HCl. The % v/v refers to the volume of the solute while % w/v refers to the weight of the solute.

To prepare a 300 ml buffer of 100 mM Tris pH 7.8 and 250 mM NaCl, you need to follow the following steps:1. Calculate the amount of Tris required to prepare 100 mM solution of Tris, which is equal to 100 mM x 0.3 L = 0.03 moles. The molecular weight of Tris is 121.14 g/mol. Thus, the amount of Tris required is 3.64 g.2. To make the buffer of pH 7.8, use HCl or NaOH to adjust the pH. For this, use 1 M HCl or 1 M NaOH to avoid diluting the buffer. Add 10 ml of 1 M HCl to the solution.3. Measure 4.27 g of NaCl and add it to the solution. 4. Add water to the solution to make up the final volume of 300 ml. 5. Mix the solution thoroughly until everything is dissolved. Your buffer of 100 mM Tris pH 7.8 and 250 mM NaCl is now ready. % v/v refers to the percentage volume of a solute in a solvent while % w/v refers to the percentage weight of a solute in a solvent. The percent v/v is calculated by the volume of the solute divided by the volume of the solution while the percent w/v is calculated by the mass of the solute divided by the volume of the solution in which it is dissolved.

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The correct question would be as

How do you prepare 300 ml buffer of 100 mM Tris pH 7.8 and 250 mM NaCl? % v/v,% w/v Questions.

What type of NH3 solution occurs if you have 35 g of solute at 50oC?

Answers

Nh₃ would have the concentration of 58.3M which is  an extremely high concentration, and at this concentration, the solution would likely be a solid rather than a liquid due to the formation of NH₄NO.

The molarity (M) of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute (in this case, Nh) per liter of solution. To calculate the molarity, we need to know the number of moles of NH3 and the volume of the solution.

The number of moles of NH can be calculated from the mass of Nhand its molar mass. The molar mass of Nh is 17.03 g/mol.

Number of moles of Nh= mass of Nh / molar mass of Nh

Number of moles of Nh = 35 g / 17.03 g/mol

Number of moles of Nh₃ = 2.05 mol

Assuming that NH is completely miscible with water and that the density of the solution is close to the density of water at 50°C (0.988 g/mL), we can estimate the volume of the solution as follows:

Volume of solution = mass of Nh / density of solution

Volume of solution = 35 g / (1 g/mL)

Volume of solution = 35 mL

we can calculate the molarity of the Nh solution as follows:

Molarity = number of moles of Nh / volume of solution

Molarity = 2.05 mol / 0.035 L

Molarity = 58.57 M

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Which diagram is the correct electron dot diagram for magnesium?



A.
A symbol of magnesium M g has four dots representing four free electrons.

B.
A symbol of magnesium M g has three dots representing three free electrons.

C.
A symbol of magnesium M g has one dot representing one free electron.

D.
A symbol of magnesium M g has two dots representing two free electrons.

Answers

A symbol of magnesium, Mg, with two dots representing two free electrons. The correct option is D.

Electron dot diagram

Magnesium is represented by Mg.

Magnesium has an atomic number of 12. Thus the electron configuration will be 2,8,2.

This means that there are two valence electrons in every Mg atom.

Therefore, the electron do diagram would be the symbol of the element with two dots representing the two valence electrons.

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Answer:

Two dotted M

Explanation:

39. suppose an aqueous solution contains both table sugar and table salt. can you separate either of these solutes from the water by filtration? explain your reasoning.

Answers

Answer:

No, assuming that the salt/sugar is already dissolved

Explanation:

As long as the particle size is too big, it won't filter through. Therefore, if it is dissolved, it will pass through the filter.

If you were to throw rocks in there or something, and they are non-dissolvable, then yes.

after pipetting the solution to be diluted into the volumetric flask, how much water should be added before the first mixing?

Answers

After pipetting the solution, the amount of water needed depends on the desired concentration and the amount of solution to be diluted.

When pipetting a solution to be diluted into a volumetric flask, the first step is to add the appropriate amount of water. The amount of water needed depends on the desired concentration and the amount of solution to be diluted. For example, if you are diluting 1 mL of a 5M solution to a 2M solution, you would need to add approximately 3 mL of water.

This can be calculated as follows:

C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

where, C₁ = initial concentration, C₂= final concentration, V₁= initial volume, V₂= final or desired volume.

Substituting the values, we can find the desired volume.


Once you have added the desired amount of water, you should mix the solution by swirling the flask or stirring the solution gently with a stirring rod. It is important to mix the solution thoroughly to ensure a uniform concentration of the solution.

Once the solution has been mixed, you should check the volume of the solution. You can do this by reading the volume at the bottom of the meniscus, which is the curved surface of the liquid. It is important to make sure that the volume is correct as this will affect the concentration of the solution.

Finally, you should adjust the volume of the solution as needed. If the volume is too high, you can remove a small amount of liquid using a pipette. If the volume is too low, you can add more water.

In summary, after pipetting the solution to be diluted into a volumetric flask, you should add the appropriate amount of water and mix the solution to get the desired concentration. You should then check the volume of the solution and adjust it as needed.

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a. calculate the final w/woncentration of hydrocortisone in this cream. note that you are adding pure hydrocortisone to a cream that already contains hydrocortisone – both must be considered.

Answers

The final concentration of hydrocortisone in the cream, you need to consider the amount of hydrocortisone already present in the cream and the amount of pure hydrocortisone being added.

Step 1: Calculate the total amount of hydrocortisone present in the cream. This is the sum of the amount of hydrocortisone already present in the cream plus the amount of pure hydrocortisone being added.

Step 2: Calculate the total volume of the cream. This is the volume of the cream before the pure hydrocortisone is added plus the volume of the pure hydrocortisone being added.

Step 3: Calculate the final concentration of hydrocortisone in the cream. This is the total amount of hydrocortisone (from step 1) divided by the total volume of the cream (from step 2).

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PLS HELP!!!!

The potential energy of the reactants is about
100 kJ
40 kJ
20 kJ
60 kJ

PLS HELP!!!!The potential energy of the reactants is about100 kJ40 kJ20 kJ60 kJ

Answers

A and B are the reactants and the potiential energy is 40kj

just read from the graph

What is the charge of the common ion formed by each of these atoms? Either -2,-1,+1, or +2.
S, Br, I, Li, Sr, Mg, Na, Cs, Ba, F, and O

Answers

S: -2  (Sulfur) , Br: -1  (Bromine), I: -1  (Iodine) ,Li: +1  (Lithium) ,Sr: +2  (Strontium) ,Mg: +2  (Magnesium) ,Na: +1  (Sodium) ,Cs: +1  (Cesium), Ba: +2  (Barium) ,F: -1  (Fluorine) ,O: -2  (Oxygen)

What is Magnesium ?

Magnesium is an essential mineral found in the human body. It plays an important role in the body, acting as a cofactor in over 300 enzyme systems that regulate diverse biochemical reactions in the body, including protein synthesis, muscle and nerve function, blood glucose levels, and blood pressure regulation. Magnesium is also involved in energy production and metabolism and is necessary for the proper functioning of muscles, nerves, and enzymes. It helps to keep bones strong, maintains normal heart rhythm, and helps to regulate blood sugar and blood pressure levels. Magnesium is found in many foods, including green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, and some types of seafood.

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a student practicing for a track meet ran 300 meters in 30 seconds. what was her average speed?​

Answers

Answer:

10 m/s

Explanation:

Her average speed can be found by using the formula

\(v = \frac{d}{t} \\ \)

d is the distance

t is the time taken

From the question we have

\(v = \frac{300}{30} = 10 \\ \)

We have the final answer as

10 m/s

Hope this helps you

Why do waves move faster at higher temperatures and in a solid phase?

There is more energy and the particles are farther apart.
There is less energy and the particles are closer together.
There is less energy and the particles are farther apart.
There is more energy and the particles are closer together.

Answers

Answer:

Higher temperatures means more energy, and a solid phase means the particles are close together. This results in highly energized particles that bump into the particles close to them, who in turn bump into more particles.

Explanation:

waves move faster at higher temperatures and in a solid phase there is more energy and the particles are farther apart there is less energy and the particles are closer together there is less energy and the particles are farther apart there is more energy and the particles are closer together.

The waves move faster at higher temperatures and in a solid phase because there is more energy and the particles are closer together.

What is wave?

A wave can be described as a medium which transports energy without causing net particle movement. Elastic deformation, pressure change, electric along with magnetic intensity, electric potential, or temperature can all be examples.

What is energy?

The quantitative property that's also transferred to a body or a physical system, recognizable in the work performance as well as in the form of heat and light, is called energy.

What is temperature?

Temperature is the measurement of a body's degree of hotness or coolness.

The faster the wave is conveyed, the greater the particle interactions are. In general, sound travels quicker through solids than through liquids, and faster through liquids than through gas. Because warmer particles move at a higher pace, the temperature actually speeds up to sound.

Therefore, the correct answer will be option (d).

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If a solid is placed in a liquid and lots of bubbles are formed, is this a physical change

Answers

Answer:

The formation of gas bubbles is often the result of a chemical change.


When naming a molecule, how do you indicate that the carbons on either side
of the double bond are pointing in opposite directions?

Answers

Answer:

use the prefix trans-

When naming a molecule, we indicate that the carbons on either side of the double bond are pointing in opposite directions by adding a prefix (-trans) in the name of the molecule.

What is IUPAC nomenclature?

IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds refers to the systematic approach taken for the nomenclature of organic compounds as per the recommendation of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

If alkenes have two different substituents at each end of the C=C then they can exist as stereoisomers (as geometric isomers).

This is because there is restricted rotation of the double bond due to the pi bond which means they don't readily interconvert.

cis- if the two alkyl groups, R-, are on the same side of the C=Ctrans- if the two alkyl groups, R-, are on opposite sides of the C=C.

Therefore, When naming a molecule, we indicate that the carbons on either side of the double bond are pointing in opposite directions by adding a prefix (-trans) in the name of the molecule.

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Arrange the following compounds from lowest vapor pressure to highest vapor pressure.a. H2O b. CHCI3c. CS2

Answers

The higher the boiling point lower will be the vapor pressure. Thus, the correct order of vapor pressure is \(H_{2}O\) < \(CHCL_{2}\) < \(CS_{2}\).

The boiling factor of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor strain of a liquid equals the stress surrounding the liquid and the liquid modifications right into a vapor. The boiling point of a liquid varies depending on the encompassing environmental stress.

The boiling point for any material is the temperature point at which the fabric transforms into the gas segment in the liquid phase. This happens at a hundred ranges centigrade for water. The boiling point of a pure substance is the temperature at which the substance transitions from a liquid to the gaseous segment. At this point, the vapor stress of the liquid is equal to the implemented stress of the liquid. The boiling point at a strain of 1 ecosystem is known as the regular boiling factor.

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. A frog’s heart has ___________ chambers. Two atrium and _____ ventricle.

Answers

Answer:

A frog heart has three chambers.two atrium and one ventricle is answer

Explanation:

I hope it's helpful!

How many grams of CO 2 are present in a container with a volume of 5.61 L if the gas exhibits a pressure of 5.66 atm at a temperature of 311 K?

Answers

Answer:

54.72 g

Explanation:

Mass = ?

Volume = 5.61 L

Pressure = 5.66 atm

Temperature = 311 K

The relationship between these equations is given by the ideal gas equation;

PV = nRT

where R = gas constant = 0.0821 atm L K-1 mol-1

n = PV / RT

n = 5.66 * 5.61 / (0.0821 * 311 )

n = 1.2436 mol

Number of moles = Mass / Molar mass

Mass = Number of moles * Molar mass = 1.2436 * 44 = 54.72 g

Why does breaking bonds require energy? (Endothermic)

Answers

Answer:

Because your taking stable form and to reduce that stability which requires more force.

Explanation:

Endo-in

Energy must be taken in to break the bond, unlike bond forming where energy is put out.

Calculate the freezing point depression for 1 kilogram of sodium chloride (NaCl) in 5 kilograms of
water. The Ky of water is -1.86 °C/m.

Answers

\(\\ \rm\dashrightarrow \Delta T_f=ik_fm\)

m is molality

Moles of NaCl

1000/2343.4mol

Molality

43.4/58.68

\(\\ \rm\dashrightarrow \Delta T_f=i(-1.86)(8.68)\)

\(\\ \rm\dashrightarrow \Delta T_f=-16.14i\)

i is vant Hoff factor

For NaCl vant Hoff factor is 2( Actually 1.9)

\(\\ \rm\dashrightarrow \Delta T_f=-16.14(2)=-32.28°C\)

Moles of NaCl

\(\\ \tt{:}\dashrightarrow \dfrac{1000g}{23g/mol}\)

\(\\ \tt{:}\dashrightarrow 43.4mol\)

Find Molality

\(\boxed{\sf Molality=\dfrac{Moles\:of\:solute}{Volume \:of\: solution\:in\:kg}}\)

Volume of solution=1kg+5kg=6kg

\(\\ \tt{:}\dashrightarrow m=\dfrac{43.4}{6}=7.2m\)

Vant Hoff factor

\(\\ \tt{:}\dashrightarrow NaCl\longrightarrow Na^++Cl^-\)

i=2

Freezing point depression

\(\\ \tt{:}\dashrightarrow \Delta T_f=iK_fm\)

\(\\ \tt{:}\dashrightarrow \Delta T_f=2(-1.86)(7.2)\)

\(\\ \tt{:}\dashrightarrow \Delta T_f=-26.7°C\)

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