From more reactive to least reactive carbonyl‑containing compounds :
3-methylpentanoyl chloride >benzoic anhydride >
butyl acetate> propionamide
The carbonyl carbon should be more electron deficient to increase its reactivity for nucleophilic addition. The presence of R or Ar groups reduces this electron shortage. Less reactivity occurs when more of these groups are present.
The capacity of the electronegative leaving group to activate the carbonyl is connected to the relative reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives toward nucleophile replacements. The carbonyl loses electron density as a result of the additional electronegative leaving groups, which also increases the carbonyl's electrophilicity.
The reactivity order of carbonyl compounds from more reactive to least reactive :
acyl halide, acid anhydride, aldehyde, ketone, ester, carboxylic acid, amide, carboxylate ion
Benzoyl chloride, acetaldehyde, butyl acetate, and acetic anhydride are more reactive than acid chlorides and anhydrides. Ketones and aldehydes have lower reactivity.
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What factor determines the amount by which a solutions vapor pressure, freezing point, boiling point differ from those properties of the solvent?
The amount by which a solution's vapor pressure, freezing point, and boiling point differ from those of the pure solvent depends on the concentration of solute particles in the solution. This is known as colligative properties.
Colligative properties are physical properties of solutions that depend only on the number of solute particles in the solution, regardless of the chemical identity of the solute particles. The colligative properties include vapor pressure lowering, freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, and osmotic pressure.
For example, in the case of vapor pressure lowering, the presence of solute particles in a solution decreases the number of solvent molecules at the surface of the solution, thereby reducing the vapor pressure of the solution compared to that of the pure solvent.
The amount of vapor pressure lowering is proportional to the concentration of solute particles in the solution, but is independent of the identity of the solute particles.
Similarly, the amount of freezing point depression and boiling point elevation is proportional to the concentration of solute particles in the solution. The colligative properties are important in various fields, such as in the determination of molar mass of unknown solutes or in the process of freeze-drying of food and pharmaceuticals.
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what is the net charge on lys at neutral ph (for the dominant ionic species)?
The net charge on lysine (lys) at pH 7 will be +1.
Amino acids: These are the organic molecules which serve as the building blocks of the proteins. They contain an amine group, carboxylic acid group, hydrogen atom, and a variable portion named the R group. The R group will plays a big role in shaping the properties of the amino acid.
Lysine, or L-lysine, is an essential amino acid, means it is necessary for human health, but the body cannot make it. You have to get lysine from food or the supplements. Amino acids like lysine are the building blocks of the protein. In amino acids three are positively charged: lysine (Lys, K), arginine (Arg, R) as well as histidine (His, H).
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Influx of ____ or _____ ions result in EPSPs.
A) Ca+; K+
B) Na+; Ca2+
C) Cl-; Na+
D) Ca2+; Cl-
The correct answer is:
B) Na⁺; Ca²⁺ for influx of ions.
An influx action potential that enters a presynaptic terminal activates Ca2+ channels and momentarily raises the local Ca2+ concentration in the presynaptic active zone. After activating synaptotagmins Ca2+, neurotransmitter release occurs within a few hundred microseconds. Through the interaction of their C2-domains with phospholipids and SNARE proteins, synaptotagmins' two C2-domains bind Ca2+ and translate the Ca2+ signal into a nanomechanical activation of the membrane fusion machinery. Synaptotagmins cannot initiate exocytosis on their own; instead, they need a necessary cofactor known as complexin, a tiny protein that binds to SNARE complexes and simultaneously activates and clamps the SNARE complexes, setting them up for later synaptotagmin action.
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12. Frequency (v) = 2 x 106 s-1
Find the Wavelength (A)
The wavelength when frequency is 2 x 10^6 s^-1 is 150 m.
What is wavelength?
The wavelength can be defined as the distance between any given point and the same point in the next wave which can be crest to crest or trough to trough. It can be represented by the symbol Lambda. It can be measured in the direction of the wave.
The wavelength can be calculated as,
A = c / v
where A is the wavelength, c is the speed of light and v is the frequency.
A = 3 x 10^8 m s^-1 / 2 x 10^6 s^-1 = 150 m.
Therefore, the wavelength of the wave with frequency 2 x 10^6 s^-1 is 150 m.
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1. 2. LEVEL1 A. In each group, choose the objects that has the property given in brackets
Answer:
1. Diamond
2. The Image to the far right. It's rice I believe.
Explanation:
A lustrous material is a material that shine or usually reflect light. Fire isn't a material and the powder is dull and doesn't shine. In this case the diamond is a lustrous material and not a metal.
An edible substance is anything thing that can be consumed as food. Soap is consumable and the blue picture is definetly not either so we conclude that the rice is the edible option.
What is a daughter element
Answer:
The element formed when a radioactive element undergoes radioactive decay. The latter is called the parent. The daughter may or may not be radioactive.
Explanation:
hope this helps
6) What is the electron configuration of an atom in its ground state with a
total of seven valence electrons?
A. 1s2 2s2 2p6
B. 1s2 2s2 2p5
C. 1s2 2s2 2p8
D. 1s2 2s2 2p7
Answer: the answer is B!
Explanation:
S and p’s are valence electrons and if added, there is 7 in total !
determine the total gas production (volume) of carbon dioxide and methane if 5% of the msw from a community of 10,000 is rapidly decomposable (c68h111o50n). the densities of co2 and ch4 are 1.9768 kg/m3 and 0.7167 kg/m3, respectively.
From a community of 10,000, the total gas production would be approximately 252.92 m3 of carbon dioxide (CO2) and 697.24 m3 of methane (CH4) from the rapidly decomposable fraction of the municipal solid waste.
To determine the total gas production of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from the rapidly decomposable fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW), we need to calculate the mass of the decomposable fraction and then convert it to volumes of CO2 and CH4 based on their densities.
Given:
Community population: 10,000
Rapidly decomposable fraction: 5% of MSW
Density of CO2: 1.9768 kg/m3
Density of CH4: 0.7167 kg/m3
Let's assume the MSW per capita is 1 kg (for illustrative purposes).
Step 1: Calculate the mass of the rapidly decomposable fraction of MSW.
Total MSW = 10,000 kg
Mass of decomposable fraction = 10,000 kg × 0.05 = 500 kg
Step 2: Calculate the volumes of CO2 and CH4 produced.
Mass of CO2 produced = 500 kg
Mass of CH4 produced = 500 kg
Step 3: Convert the masses of CO2 and CH4 to volumes.
Volume of CO2 produced = 500 kg / 1.9768 kg/m3 ≈ 252.92 m3
Volume of CH4 produced = 500 kg / 0.7167 kg/m3 ≈ 697.24 m3
Therefore, from a community of 10,000, the total gas production would be approximately 252.92 m3 of carbon dioxide (CO2) and 697.24 m3 of methane (CH4) from the rapidly decomposable fraction of the municipal solid waste.
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when is the velocity the greatest ? why?
Choose the pair of substances that are most likely to form a homogeneous solution.
A. F2 and C2H5OH
B. H2O and CH3OH
C. LiCl and C10H20
D. CH4 and C2H5OH
A) F2 and C2H5OH (Heterogeneous mixture)B) H2O and CH3OH (Homogeneous mixture)C) LiCl and C10H20 (Heterogeneous mixture)D) CH4 and C2H5OH (Heterogeneous mixture).
The pair of substances that are most likely to form a homogeneous solution is B. H2O and CH3OH. A homogeneous mixture is one in which the components are evenly distributed throughout the mixture. These types of solutions have uniform properties and the same composition throughout.A heterogeneous mixture is one in which the components are not evenly distributed. This means that the mixture has distinct regions or phases that are visibly different from one another. The following are the most likely pairs of substances to form a homogeneous solution:A) F2 and C2H5OH (Heterogeneous mixture)B) H2O and CH3OH (Homogeneous mixture)C) LiCl and C10H20 (Heterogeneous mixture)D) CH4 and C2H5OH (Heterogeneous mixture).
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how are changes in state related to thermal energy and particle motion
Answer:
search it
Explanation:
- I
want 5 example about chemical adsorption, and 5 example about
physical adsorption.
- what the objective about adsorption?
The overall objective of adsorption is to utilize the properties of adsorbents and adsorbates to achieve desired outcomes, such as purification, separation, catalysis, or storage, by exploiting the interactions occurring at the adsorbent-adsorbate interface.
Example of Chemical Adsorption:
Adsorption of hydrogen on a metal catalyst surface during hydrogenation reactions.
Adsorption of gas molecules on the surface of a solid metal oxide catalyst during oxidation reactions.
Adsorption of pollutants on activated carbon in water or air purification systems.
Adsorption of dyes on the surface of a solid support in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Adsorption of toxins or drugs on activated charcoal for detoxification or medical purposes.
Example of Physical Adsorption:
Adsorption of nitrogen gas on the surface of activated carbon in gas storage applications.
Adsorption of water molecules on the surface of silica gel in humidity control systems.
Adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on zeolite materials for odor control.
Adsorption of gases on the surface of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for gas separation processes.
Adsorption of solutes on the surface of silica particles in liquid chromatography for separation and purification purposes.
The objective of adsorption can vary depending on the application, but some common objectives include:
Removal of pollutants or contaminants from air, water, or other environments.
Separation and purification of specific components from a mixture.
Adsorption of gases for storage or transportation purposes.
Catalytic reactions where adsorbed species react on the surface of a catalyst.
Surface modification or functionalization of materials for specific applications.
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what is the composition in at% ag of an alloy that consists of 90.6 wt% ag and the remaining wt% cu? supply an answer that is rounded to the nearest 0.1 at%.
The composition in at% Ag of the alloy is 85.2%.
To calculate the atomic percentage (at%) of Ag in the alloy,
we need to know the atomic weights of both Ag and Cu.
The atomic weight of Ag is 107.87 g/mol, while the atomic weight of Cu is 63.55 g/mol.
First, we can calculate the weight percentage of Cu in the alloy:
90.6 wt% Ag + x wt% Cu = 100 wt%
x wt% Cu = 100 wt% - 90.6 wt% Ag = 9.4 wt% Cu
Next, we can convert the weight percentage of Cu to the atomic percentage of Cu:
9.4 wt% Cu * (1 mol Cu/63.55 g) * (\(6.02\times10^{23 }\)atoms/mol) = 8.36 x \(10^{22}\) atoms Cu
100 wt% - 9.4 wt% = 90.6 wt% Ag
90.6 wt% Ag * (1 mol Ag/107.87 g) * (6.02 x \(10^{23}\) atoms/mol) = 4.81 x \(10^{23}\)atoms Ag
Now we can calculate the atomic percentage of Ag:
at% Ag = (4.81 x \(10^{23}\) atoms Ag) / (4.81 x \(10^{23}\) atoms Ag + 8.36 x \(10^{22}\)atoms Cu) * 100%
at% Ag = 85.2%
Therefore, the composition in at% Ag of the alloy is 85.2%. Rounded to the nearest 0.1 at%, the answer is 85.2 at% Ag.
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Using the balanced equation: 2 KCIO3 -> 2 KCI + 3 O2 How many moles of
oxygen are produced when 6.7 moles of KCIO3 decompose completely?*
6.7 mol 1.0 mol 4.5 mol 10.1 mol
Will it make a difference if we swap the anode and cathode in electroplating?
Answer:
▪ Will it make a difference if we swap the anode and cathode in electroplating?
➢ If we interchange the two terminals after electroplating then the ions deposited on the plate will move again towards their original position.
\(TextFromYourMrEx...\)
#CarryOnLearning
Explanation:
if we change the two terminals after electroplatingthen the ions deposited on the plate will move again towards their original position...
what is hydrogen peroxide
Answer:
hi Da kiran wher r u da come fast Da
Answer:
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H2O2. In its pure form, it is a very pale blue[5] liquid that is slightly more viscous than water. It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3%–6% by weight) in water for consumer use, and in higher concentrations for industrial use.
mr. trang brings in his prescription for trileptal oral suspension to be filled. how many ml will you dispense for his prescription? trileptal 300 mg/5 ml 20 ml po bid x 30 days
Calculate the number of days' supply by subtracting the total of drops given by the quantity of drops necessary for each day's dose, with a conversion ratio of 20 drips per milliliter.
How is the production formula calculated?The production is indeed a ratio of the level input amount of each ingredient, and the functional form is represented as Q = methods calculate, L, P, H). Of fact, not all firms need the same production parameters or input quantities.
How do you figure out the overall cost of the supplies?Instead, the ending inventory will need to be added to the cost of products sold and subtracted from the beginning inventory in order to determine the total purchases. Most businesses will keep track of their supplier purchases, therefore this estimate may not be accurate.
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4. Calculate the heat energy needed to heat 25.0 g of water from 13.0°C to 18.0°C. Use chart above for specific heat of water. Use units and show all work.
Answer: I go search some information
Explanation:I come back with a answer
If you were to complete a mass balance on a coffee roaster, which of these would NOT be a material stream exiting out of the roaster? a. Spent coffee grounds b. Chaff c. Roasted coffee beans d. Water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other VOCs
Out of the options listed, "Water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs)" would not be considered a material stream exiting the roaster.
A material stream is a flow of a physical substance, such as a solid, liquid, or gas, that enters and exits a system or process. In the context of a chemical or process plant, a material stream is a stream of raw materials, intermediate products, or final products that are being produced, transported, or processed.
To perform a mass balance on a coffee roaster, you would consider all the material streams that enter and exit the system. These are gaseous emissions resulting from the roasting process and are not a physical material. The other options, "Spent coffee grounds," "Chaff," and "Roasted coffee beans" are physical materials that can be weighed and measured, and would be considered as material streams exiting the roaster.
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If car has traveled 24 km in 2 hours,what is the average speed
Answer:
The answer is 12 km/hrExplanation:
The average speed can be found by using the formula
\(v = \frac{d}{t} \\ \)
where
d is the distance
t is the time taken
So we have
\(a = \frac{24}{2} \\ \)
We have the final answer as
12 km/hrHope this helps you
How do the particies in a liquid create surface
tension?
It's been a while since I've taken Chemistry but here's what I know:
There are small, weak bonds that form between water molecules. These bonds make it so liquid molecules (water, in this example) cannot move as freely as a gas, but their bonds aren't nearly as strong as a solid. The bonds are formed when a hydrogen atom is attracted to an oxygen atom (because they have an opposite charge). This bond plus the gas molecules hitting the water causes surface tension.
(Let me know if this is wrong and I hope you have a lovely day!!)
What is the mass concentration of 2mole HCL solution?(h=1,Cl=35.5)
Answer:
So the answer to the question “What is the mass concentration of hydrogen chloride in 2.0-molar hydrochloric acid?” is 73 grams per liter.
calculate the concentration in m (moles/l) of a solution that is 12.0% by weight of nitric acid (hno3, molecular. mass
1.905 M is the concentration in m (moles/l) of a solution that is 12.0% by weight of nitric acid.
To calculate the concentration in moles per liter (M) of a 12.0% by weight nitric acid (HNO₃) solution, follow these steps:
1. Determine the molecular weight of HNO₃:
HNO₃ = 1 (H) + 14 (N) + 3 × 16 (O) = 1 + 14 + 48 = 63 g/mol
2. Convert the percentage concentration to a mass concentration:
12.0% by weight means that there are 12.0 g of HNO₃ in 100 g of solution.
3. Calculate the moles of HNO₃ in the 100 g solution:
moles = mass / molecular weight
moles = 12.0 g / 63 g/mol = 0.1905 mol
4. Determine the volume of the solution:
Assume that the density of the solution is close to that of water, which is 1 g/mL.
Since there are 100 g of solution, the volume would be approximately 100 mL or 0.1 L.
5. Calculate the concentration in moles per liter (M):
concentration (M) = moles / volume
concentration (M) = 0.1905 mol / 0.1 L = 1.905 M
The concentration of the solution is approximately 1.905 M.
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pls help me to answer this:(
Answer:
How do one confess feelings to her if he is introvert?
How many grams are in 3.13 X 10^26 molecules of O₂?
Help pleaseee
Which set of measurements correctly identifies the speed of an object?
A.
Distance = 18 m
time = 2 hr
speed = 9m/hr
B.
Distance = 30 km
time = 17 min
speed = 1.8 km/hr
C.
Distance = 3 cm
time = 12 min
speed = 36 cm/min
D.
Distance
2 km
time = 24 sec
speed = 48 km/sec
Answer:
A. Distance = 18 m
time = 2 hr
speed = 9 m/hr
Explanation:
Speed is the same thing as velocity.
Velocity = distance/time
18m/2hr = 9m/hr
For choice B, the numbers are right, but the units are mixed (minutes were changed to hours)
a sample of argon gas collected at a pressure of 1.14 atm and a temperature of 26.0 °c is found to occupy a volume of 23.2 liters. how many moles of ar gas are in the sample? mol
There are 1.077 moles of argon gas collected at a pressure of 1.14 atm, a temperature of 26.0 °c, and a volume of 23.2 L.
Ideal gas law equationTo find the number of moles of argon gas in the sample, we can use the ideal gas law equation PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature. We are given the values for pressure, volume, and temperature, and we can use the value of R as 0.08206 L·atm/mol·K. We can rearrange the equation to solve for n:
n = PV/RT.
First, we need to convert the temperature from degrees Celsius to Kelvin:
T = 26.0 + 273.15 = 299.15 K
Then, we can plug in the values into the equation:
n = (1.14 atm)(23.2 L) / (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K)(299.15 K)
n = 1.077 mol
Therefore, there are 1.077 moles of argon gas in the sample.
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If you are on the highway and the speed limit is 75 miles per hour. How far are you going to travel in 1 hour?
Answer:75 miles
Explanation:
bruh
Answer:
75
Explanation:
just because
How many atoms are in 162.0 g of magnesium?
Answer:
3,938.22
Explanation:
(correct me if I'm wrong)
On the pH scale, where can you find strong acids and strong bases?
A.On the left side of the pH scale
B.In the middle of the pH scale
C.On the right side of the pH scale
D.On either side of the pH scale