Answers
Answer: Because private companies will have difficulty getting anybody to pay for them.
Explanation:
Private markets fail to provide the optimal amount of some good such as public firework displays because private companies will have difficulty getting anybody to pay for them.
The main motive behind private markets are simply for making of profit but for public, the main motive is for the government to satisfy the needs to the people. Hence, with regards to the question, the answer will be that there'll be difficulties encountered in getting people to pay for the goods.
Related Questions
We are evaluating a project that costs $1.68 million, has a five-year life and no salvage value. Assume depreciation is straight-line to zero over the life of the project. Sales are projected at 82 000 units per year. Price per unit is $43.29, variable cost per unit is $22.18 and fixed costs are $623 000 per year. The tax rate is 34% and we require a 10% return on this project. What is the sensitivity of NPV to a 100-unit change in the sales figure?
Answers
The sensitivity of NPV to a 100-unit change in sales is -$0.20. This means that for every 100-unit increase in sales, the NPV of the project decreases by $0.20.
To calculate the sensitivity of NPV to a 100-unit change in sales, we need to calculate the NPV of the project at two different sales levels: 82,000 units and 82,100 units. The difference between the two NPV figures will tell us the sensitivity of NPV to a 100-unit change in sales.
First, let's calculate the annual cash flows for the project at 82,000 units:
Revenue = 82,000 x $43.29 = $3,548,780
Variable costs = 82,000 x $22.18 = $1,817,560
Fixed costs = $623,000
Depreciation = $1,680,000 / 5 = $336,000
Taxable income = $772,220
Taxes = $262,300 (34% x $772,220)
Net income = $509,920
Operating cash flow = $846,920 ($509,920 + $336,000)
Now, let's calculate the NPV of the project at 82,000 units:
Year 0: -$1,680,000
Year 1-5: $846,920 / (1 + 10%)^n, where n = year
NPV = -$1,680,000 + ($846,920 / 0.621) = $-423,338.18
Next, let's calculate the annual cash flows for the project at 82,100 units:
Revenue = 82,100 x $43.29 = $3,553,809
Variable costs = 82,100 x $22.18 = $1,820,758
Fixed costs = $623,000
Depreciation = $1,680,000 / 5 = $336,000
Taxable income = $772,051
Taxes = $262,514.34 (34% x $772,051)
Net income = $509,536.66
Operating cash flow = $845,536.66 ($509,536.66 + $336,000)
Now, let's calculate the NPV of the project at 82,100 units:
Year 0: -$1,680,000
Year 1-5: $845,536.66 / (1 + 10%)^n, where n = year
NPV = -$1,680,000 + ($845,536.66 / 0.621) = $-423,701.25
Finally, we can calculate the sensitivity of NPV to a 100-unit change in sales:
Sensitivity = (NPV at 82,100 units - NPV at 82,000 units) / (100 units x price per unit)
Sensitivity = ($-423,701.25 - $-423,338.18) / (100 x $43.29) = -$0.20
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6) Discuss the following statement: "Good research is deductive in nature."
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A good research is seen as deductive in nature because it:
explain causal relationships between concepts and variablesmeasures concepts quantitativelygeneralize research findings to a certain extent.What is a research?This refers to a careful and organized study as well as gathering of information about a specific topic.
When a research works explain causal relationships between concepts and variables, measures concepts quantitatively and generalize research findings to a certain extent, then, it is seen as a good research.
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10 principles of economics
Answers
The 10 principles of economics were given by Gregory Mankiw.
These principles are:
People face tradeoffs: it means that to get one thing, one has to give up on another thing.The cost of Something is What You Give Up to Get It: it refers to the opportunity cost you incur on doing something else. Rational people think at the margin: considering the marginal cost of the product.People Respond to Incentives Trade Can Make Everyone Better Off: trading helps a country in being self-sufficient and enjoying more goods and services. Markets Are Usually a Good Way to Organize Economic Activity. Governments Can Sometimes Improve Economic Outcomes: Government can intervene to allocate resources efficiently.The Standard of Living Depends on a Country's Production: the standard of living increases as the consumption of goods and services, increases.Prices Rise When the Government Prints Too Much Money: when there's a lot of money flowing the market, it will increase the demand for goods which will increase the cost of goods, ultimately leading to inflation.Society Faces a Short-Run Tradeoff Between Inflation and Unemployment.Learn more about "Principles of economics":
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Reflect on how the money multiplier concept can be an important tool of both expansionary as well as contractionary monetary policy for any central bank such as the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank?
Answers
The money multiplier can be used as an expansionary and also an expansionary tool by a given government.
What is an expansionary tool?As an expansionary tool, the money multiplier may be used to increase the amount of money supply that is in an economy. This would cause the interest rates to be low so that people would not have much benefits from saving their money.
As a contractionary toolThe money multiplier can be used to reduce the amount of money that is in circulation in a given economy. This would make people want to save more money in the bank because the interest rate is going to be raised.
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g the customer of an advertisement company wants to advertise its products on billboards along a stretch of a heavily traveled highway that runs west to east for m
Answers
The customer insists that drivers along the highway see one of these is a stretch of a heavily traveled highway that runs west to east for M = 20 miles.
What is advertisement?Advertising refers to the methods used to draw attention to a good or service. In order to attract consumers' attention, advertising seeks to highlight a good or service. It is often used to market a particular product or service, although there are many other applications as well, with commercial advertising being the most popular. Soap companies were among the first to use extensive advertising efforts in the 19th century. Being the first of its kind, Pears hired Thomas J. Barratt to serve as its brand manager. In addition to developing slogans and visuals, he also enlisted socialite and West End stage actress Lillie Langtry to serve as Pears' poster girl, making her the first famous person to endorse a for-profit product.
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If a $5,000 coupon bond has a coupon rate of 13 percent, then the coupon payment every year is (a) $650. (b) $1,300.
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Oki Company pays $306,200 for equipment expected to last four years and have a $30,000 salvage value. Prepare journal entries to
record the following costs related to the equipment.
1. Paid $25,950 cash for a new component that increased the equipment's productivity.
2. Paid $6,488 cash for minor repairs necessary to keep the equipment working well.
3. Paid $18,900 cash for significant repairs to increase the useful life of the equipment from four to seven years.
Answers
The Oki Company journal entries are the arranged the Debit and the Credit are the amount of the equipments.
What is equipments?
The term equipment refer to the specific tools used in the performing the particular process. The equipment are the used to fulfill the task. The task and the work are the used of the different equipments.
Oki Company journal entries
Particulars Debit Credit
Equipment $25,950
Cash $25,950
Particulars Debit Credit
Repair and maintenance expense $6,488
Cash $6,488
Particulars Debit Credit
Equipment $14,870
Cash $14,870
As a result, the Oki Company journal entries are the arranged the Debit and the Credit are the amount on the equipments.
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Kijijo Auctions runs an online auction company. Its end-of-year financial statements indicate the following results. Total assets = $240,000 Total liabilities = $130,000 Common stock = $24,000 Dividends = $6,400 Expenses = $94,000 Retained earnings (beginning of year) = $29,000 Required: Calculate the company’s net profit margin expressed as a percent. (Round your answer to the nearest whole percent.)
Answers
Answer:
40%
Explanation:
Total assets. $240,000
Less total liabilities ($130,000)
$110,000
Less common stock ($24,000)
Retained earnings at end $86,0000
Less Retained earnings at the beginning ($29,000)
Addition to retained earnings $57,000
Add dividends $6,400
Net profit earned $63,400
Add expenses $94,000
Revenue. $157,400
Therefore, company's net profit margin expressed as a percentage = Net profit earned / Revenue
= (63,400/157,400) × 100
= 40%
The company's net profit margin is 40%.
Given that,
Total assets (a) = $240,000
Total liabilities (b) = $130,000
Common stock (c) = $24,000
Dividend (d) = $6,400
Expenses (e) = $94,000
Retained earnings beginning (f) = $29,000
Calculation of net profit margin:Company's net profit margin = [Net profit earned \(\div\) Revenue] \(\times\) 100
Where,
Net profit earned = [a - b - c + d - f ]
= [ $240,000 - $130,000 - $24,000 + $6,400 - $29,000]
= $63,400
Revenue = Net profit earned + e
= $63,400 + $94,000
= $157,400
By putting the value, we get
= [$63,400 \(\div\) $157,400] \(\times\) 100
= 0.40 \(\times\) 100
= 40%
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What is a good way to find a business
idea that'll put your talents and interests to
the best use?
Answers
the wildlife department has been feeding special food to rainbow trout finger lings in a pond. A sample of weight of 40 trout revealed that the mean weight is 402.7 grams and the standard deviation 8.8 grams .
what is estimated mean wight of population? what is 99% confidence interval?,what degree of confidence is being used? interparet the result
Answers
We estimate the mean weight of the population to be 402.7 grams, with a 99% confidence interval of (398.77, 406.63) grams. The degree of confidence used is 99%.
To estimate the mean weight of the population of rainbow trout fingerlings, we can use the sample mean as an estimate. In this case, the sample mean weight is 402.7 grams.
Since the sample is a good representation of the population, we can consider this as our estimate for the population mean weight.
To determine the 99% confidence interval, we need to calculate the margin of error. The margin of error is given by multiplying the critical value (z*) with the standard deviation of the sample mean.
For a 99% confidence level, the critical value is 2.576 (obtained from a standard normal distribution table).
The margin of error is then calculated as 2.576 * (8.8 / sqrt(40)), which equals 3.932 grams. Therefore, the 99% confidence interval for the mean weight of the population is 402.7 ± 3.932, or approximately (398.77, 406.63) grams.
The degree of confidence used is 99%, meaning that if we repeated the sampling process multiple times, approximately 99% of the resulting confidence intervals would contain the true population mean weight.
In conclusion, we estimate the mean weight of the population to be 402.7 grams, with a 99% confidence interval of (398.77, 406.63) grams. This means we are 99% confident that the true population mean weight falls within this range.
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Search to find any summary about the company that mentions funds for starting the business.
Look to see what kinds of products or services will be involved with the business.
Step 2. Search to find any summary about the company that mentions funds for starting the business. Try to find any information containing employee data in this section. Step 3. Find the section where the product or service is detailed. Look to see what kinds of products or services will be involved with the business. Compare this with what other similar business plans are offering.
Record the information you found for steps 2 and 3. Make sure you discuss how the company got money to start the business, employee data, and what products or services the company provides in comparison with what other similar business plans are offering.
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After conducting research on the internet, a summary about a company that mentions funds for starting the business, employee data, and products or services that the company provides compared to other similar business plans has been found.
The company’s name is K-12 Business Education Services and they specialize in providing online business courses to K-12 schools. Their courses are designed to help students learn about business principles such as marketing, finance, accounting, and entrepreneurship. The company’s business plan indicates that they have received funding from several sources including angel investors, venture capitalists, and bank loans. They also have a team of experienced employees who have been in the business education industry for many years. According to the company’s website, they offer a wide range of courses that are designed to be engaging and interactive. Students can learn at their own pace and can complete their coursework from anywhere with an internet connection. The courses are also designed to be affordable, which makes them accessible to a wider range of students. In comparison to other similar business plans, K-12 Business Education Services is unique in that they offer a comprehensive range of courses that are designed specifically for K-12 students. Other similar business plans tend to focus on providing courses for adult learners or students who are already enrolled in college. Additionally, K-12 Business Education Services has received funding from several sources, which indicates that they are a promising start-up that has the potential to grow and expand in the future.For such more question on entrepreneurship
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Give me a good example of operation and management please.
Answers
Answer:
Answersendiri goblob is a great place to work for a well and very friendly and friendly and welcoming hotel you are welcome to join us and join us in the evening and join us in the following luxury hotels in North Wales . Because he can't afford to stay there for a few days and we are away for a few weeks and we have booked for another holiday in the next few months we will be staying at the hotel
Below is the trial balance for Sugar Almonds Ltd as at 31st December 2020
(i)From this Trial Balance you are to prepare the Income Statement of Profit or Loss and the Statement of Financial Position. (See below for pic)
Answers
Answer:
Net income = $31,130
Total Assets = Owner's Equity and Liabilities = $104,230
Explanation:
The the Income Statement of Profit or Loss and the Statement of Financial Position can be prepared as follows:
Sugar Almonds Ltd
Income Statement of Profit or Loss
For the Year Ended 31st December 2020
Particulars $ $
Sales Revenue 93,700
Cost of sales:
Opening inventory 12,000
Purchases 49,000
Closing inventory - income statement (24,350)
Cost of sales (36,650)
Gross profit 57,050
Operating expenses:
Administrative Expenses (850)
Rent paid (2,000)
Telephone (900)
Wages (21,650)
Travel expenses (330)
Total operating expenses (25,730)
Interest income (expense):
Interest paid (190)
Net income 31,130
Sugar Almonds Ltd
The Statement of Financial Position
As at 31st December 2020
Particulars $ $
Fixed Assets
Premises at cost 70,000
Vehicles at cost 5,800
Total Fixed Assets 75,800
Current Assets
Cash 630
Bank 2,100
Closing inventory - Statmt of fin positn 24,350
Trade Receivables 1,350
Total Current Assets 28,430
Total Assets 104,230
Owner's Equity
Capital 72,000
Drawings (6,450)
Net income 31,130
Total Owner's Equity 96,680
Current Liabilities
Trade Payables 6,400
VAT 1,150
Total Current Liabilities 7,550
Owner's Equity and Liabilities 104,230
assuming that the machine was used directly in the production of one of the products that the company manufactures and sells, what factors might management consider in selecting a preferable depreciation method in conformity with the expense recognition (matching) principle ?
Answers
While selecting a depreciation method in accordance with the expense recognition principle, management may take into account the nature and estimated life of the asset, the company's financial status, tax consequences, and regulatory requirements.
Management might consider several factors in selecting a preferable depreciation method in conformity with the expense recognition (matching) principle, including the estimated useful life of the machine, the residual value of the machine, the method's impact on the company's income statement and balance sheet, and the tax implications of the method.
The matching principle requires that expenses be recognized in the same period as the revenue they help generate, so selecting a depreciation method that best matches the machine's use to the periods in which it is generating revenue is crucial. This may involve considering the pattern of use over time, and whether it is more appropriate to use a method that front-loads depreciation expenses or spreads them out evenly.
Additionally, tax laws may influence the choice of depreciation method, as some methods may provide more favorable tax treatment than others. Overall, the goal is to select a depreciation method that most accurately reflects the machine's contribution to revenue generation over its useful life, while also considering the financial and tax implications of the method.
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Townsend Industries Inc. manufactures recreational vehicles. Townsend uses a job order cost system. The time tickets from November jobs are summarized as follows:
Job 201 $4,850
Job 202 2,420
Job 203 1,910
Job 204 3,570
Factory supervision 1,660
Factory overhead is applied to jobs on the basis of a predetermined overhead rate of $28 per direct labor hour. The direct labor rate is $17 per hour. If required, round final answers to the nearest dollar.
a. Journalize the entry to record the factory labor costs.
b. Journalize the entry to apply factory overhead to production for November.
Answers
Answer and Explanation:
The journal entry is given below:
a. Work in process ($4,850 + $2,420 + $1,910 + $3,570) $12,750
Factory overhead $1,660
To wages payable $14,410
(being the factory labor cost is recorded)
b. Work in process Dr ($12,750 ÷ $17 × $28) $21,000
To factory overhead $21,000
(being the factory overhead is applied)
These two entries should be recorded for an individual parts
Fine-Cut Meats (Pty) Ltd purchased a delivery vehicle of R150 000 on 1 June 2021 on credit. The
owner was advised that the residual value of this truck is estimated at R30 000. The diminishing
depreciation method was adopted by the company in utilising assets over five years.
On 1 September 2021 the owner replaced equipment. The new equipment amounts to R45 000.
The replaced equipment was purchased on 1 January 2018 for R30 000 and sold for R5 000. The
company uses the straight-line depreciation method over a period of four years to report on
equipment.
Required:
Disclose the property, plant and equipment note in the financial statements of Fine-Cut Meats
(Pty) Ltd the year ended 31 December 2021 (25)
Answers
Total Liabilities & Shareholder's Equity 11280,00
How to represent the Income Statement?
Income Statement
Sales 4100,00
Less: Cost of Goods sold -1500,00
Gross Profit 2600,00
Less: Operating Expenses -980,00
Net Income 1620,00
Financial Statement
Assets
Current Assets:
Trade Debtors 640,00
Cash and Bank 3100,00
Prepaid Expenses 45,00
Total Current Assets 3785,00
Non Current Assets:
Plant & Machinery (5300,00 - 150,00) 5150,00
Motor Vehicles (1900,00-70,00) 1830,00
Office Furniture (550,00-35,00) 515,00
Total Non Current Assets 7495,00
Total Assets 11280,00
Liabilities & Shareholder's Equity
Current Liabilities:
Trade Creditors 1590,00
Total Current Liabilities 1590,00
Shareholder's Equity
Ordinary Shares 1200,00
Preference Shares 800,00
Retained Earnings (6070,00+1620,00) 7690,00
Total Shareholder's Rquity 9690,00
Total Liabilities & Shareholder's Equity 11280,00
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The difference between accrual-basis accounting and cash-basis accounting is timing. Under accrual-basis accounting, we record revenues when we provide goods and services to customers, and we record expenses when costs are used in company operations.
a. True
b. False
Answers
Answer:
A. True
Explanation:
The main difference between accrual and cash basis accounting lies in the timing of when revenue and expenses are recognized. The cash method is a more immediate recognition of revenue and expenses, while the accrual method focuses on anticipated revenue and expenses.
Furniture purchased from Kailash for Rs. 6,000.
Answers
Answer:
What's the question or is this a statement?
Explanation:
?
Which of the following is least accurate in describing the functions that serve as the three lines of defense in an organization?
A. Functions that develop and implement controls and risk management processes.
B. Functions that evaluate control adequacy and effectiveness in responding to risks.
C. Functions that calculate and measure risk liability.
D. Functions that monitor control and risk continuously.
Answers
C. Functions that calculate and measure risk liability are the least accurate in describing the functions that serve as the three lines of defense in an organization.
The three lines of defense in an organization are the First line of defense: First line of defense in an organization consists of business operations and internal control activities owned and managed by the management of the organization. The second line of defense: The second line of defense consists of risk management, compliance, and internal control functions such as risk management, compliance, quality assurance, or internal audit.The third line of defense: The third line of defense includes internal audits, external audits, regulators, and other independent oversight bodies. They help in evaluating and enhancing the overall effectiveness of the risk management, control, and governance processes. Therefore, functions that calculate and measure risk liability are the least accurate in describing the functions that serve as the three lines of defense in an organization.
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what is the minimum wage for SA
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the new National Minimum Wage for South Africa has been made public by the Department of Employment and Labour. Starting on March 1st, 2023, the current minimum wage of R23,19 per hour will increase to R25,42 per hour (an increase of around 9,6%).
The minimal amount of compensation that an employer is compelled to pay wage earners for the job completed during a particular period, which cannot be reduced by a collective agreement or an individual contract, is referred to as the "minimum wage."The South African government may impose penalties on employers who fail to pay the minimum wage. If a defined weekly wage is used, the monthly wage is multiplied by 4.33. If an hourly rate is specified, it is computed as 4.33 times the weekly average.
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Kayak Company uses a job order costing system and allocates its overhead on the basis of direct labor costs. Kayak Company's production costs for the year were: direct labor, $30,000; direct materials, $50,000; and factory overhead applied $6,000. The predetermined overhead rate was: Multiple Choice 5.0%. 12.0%. 20.0%. 500.0%. 16.7%
Answers
Answer:
Estimated manufacturing overhead rate= 20%
Explanation:
To calculate the predetermined overhead rate, we need to use the following formula:
Allocated MOH= Estimated manufacturing overhead rate* Actual amount of allocation base
6,000= Estimated manufacturing overhead rate*30,000
Estimated manufacturing overhead rate= 6,000 /30,000
Estimated manufacturing overhead rate= $0.2 per direct labor dollar
As a percentage= (0.2/1)*100= 20%
ABCD A building was purchased for $350,000 with a 20% down payment. If the lender charged the buyer three discount point, how much will the buyer need to cover these two items
Answers
The buyer of the building will need $424,976.87 to cover these two items.
How are the total mortgage payments determined?The total mortgage payments can be determined using an online finance calculator as below.
Data and Calculations:Monthly Pay = $1,180.49
House Price = $350,000.00
Loan Amount = $280,00 ($350,000 - $70,000)
Down Payment = $70,000 ($350,000 x 20%)
Interest rate = 3%
Total of 360 Mortgage Payments = $424,976.87
Total Interest = $144,976.87
Thus, the buyer of the building will need $424,976.87 to cover these two items.
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With a specific focus on the e-commerce industry, research and identify the process that a company follows from the time it receives an order through the time when it delivers the merchandise. Discuss the responsibilities of each department in a typical e-commerce company. Also discuss the importance of cross-functional coordination.
Answers
The process that a company follows from the time it receives an order through the time when it delivers the merchandise is known to be Order fulfillment.
What is Order fulfillment?Order fulfillment is known to be made up of a lot of steps that a company is known to takes between getting a new order and placing a said order into the customer's hands.
Note that the practice is seen as warehousing, the picking and packing of the said product as well as shipping it and sending an email to the customer in regards to the order.
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The debt ratio is calculated by dividing total assets by total liabilities.
True
OR
False
Answers
Answer:
False
Explanation:
It is meant to Total liabilities/Total assets
The debt ratio could not be calculated by dividing total assets by total liabilities.
The following information related to the debt ratio is
The debt ratio should be calculated by dividing the total debts from total assets.In this, the total debts should be on the numerator side and the total asset should be on the denominator side. The ratio should always be on time.Therefore we can conclude that the given statement is false.
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00 For Market failures means that the market has not achieved its optimum production outcome. This means that it has not produced the correct quantity of goods and services. QUESTION 1 Conduct a research to any small business that is manufacturing goods in your community. Make an appointment to interview the owner for the purpose of collecting the information using the questionnaire below. 1.1 General information: ● Name of the firm / business Specify the type of goods or service ● ● Position of the person interviewed ● Date of the interview 1,2 Explain briefly the negative impact the following factors have in your business. (10) Lack of information: ● Price discrimination Immobility of factors of production with special reference to: Physical capital Structural changes ● ● (1) ● (1) (1) (1) [14] QUESTION 2: Interview 3-4 community members that reside near the business you have visited. 2.1 Ask them to name any TWO negative externalities and TWO positive externalities caused by the local business, (2 x 2) (4) 2.2 Request them to list any TWO characteristics of public goods. (2 x 1) (2) 2.3 Use the negative externality and positive externality graphs to explain the impact this business have to the society (10) [16]
Answers
The first step in researching a small business in your neighborhood is to find a suitable nearby manufacturing company.
Once you do, contact the manager or owner to arrange an interview. Gather general information during the interview, such as the name of the company or business, what types of products or services they provide, the interviewer's position, and the time and date of the interview.
Then, focus on the detrimental effects different situations can have on the company. Briefly describe the impact on business of informational gaps, price discrimination, immobility of production variables (with a focus on physical capital), and structural changes.
Interview three to four locals who live close to the establishment you just visited. Ask them to list two unfavorable and two beneficial externalities brought about by the neighborhood business. Ask them to add two properties of public goods to the list as well.
Finally, use the data from the interviews to create graphs showing the positive and negative externalities of business on society. These infographics will graphically describe the costs and benefits that the company's neighborhood has.
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Starting from a long run steady state equilibrium, a variety of expansionary fiscal and monetary policies were undertaken. The production exceeds potential GDP in short run. The resulting:
A. hyper-intense production will be unsustainable in the long run.
B. higher wages will encourage workers to produce more at high prices.
C. lower prices will lead to a lower quantity of demand.
D. downward slope in aggregate supply curve will be short run.
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Here, we want to know what happens in the long run if the production exceeds potential GDP in short run.
An expansionary gap cannot persist for a long time, as the economic activity exceeds sustainable levels. In the long run, the output level comes back to potential, though price levels may rise.
The Davis family grows organic vegetables to sell at a local farmer’s market. Which are factors that directly affect their profit? Check all that apply.
an increase in the cost of farm equipment
a rise in demand for organic produce
an increase in customers at the market
a change in the market price for non-organic fruit
a sale on organic meats at the market
(answer is abc)
Answers
Answer:
an increase in the cost of farm equipment
Explanation:
With the Davis family continuously growing and selling vegetables they would need to repair or get new equipment
Answer:
a b c
Explanation:
Let MAC1 = 100 – 10E and MAC2 = 50 – 10E. Graph each function and compute the aggregate MAC curve. Let MD = 30E, compute the socially efficient equilibrium. For the equations given above, suppose the government sets the pollution level at four units. What are the net social costs of this policy?
Suppose a technological change occurs that reduces the marginal costs of abatement for polluter 1 in the above equation to that of polluter 2. How does this affect the socially efficient level of pollution? Solve numerically and graphically.
Answers
If the marginal costs of abatement for polluter 1 become equal to polluter 2, it does not impact the socially efficient level of pollution. The level is still determined by equating Marginal Damage with the Aggregate MAC.
To graph each function, we can plot MAC1 and MAC2 on a graph with the quantity of emissions (E) on the x-axis and the marginal abatement cost (MAC) on the y-axis.
For MAC1: MAC1 = 100 - 10E
For MAC2: MAC2 = 50 - 10E
To compute the aggregate MAC curve, we add the individual MAC curves together. So, Aggregate MAC = MAC1 + MAC2.
Aggregate MAC = (100 - 10E) + (50 - 10E) = 150 - 20E
Now, let's calculate the socially efficient equilibrium by setting the Marginal Damage (MD) equal to the Aggregate MAC.
MD = Aggregate MAC
30E = 150 - 20E
Simplifying the equation, we get:
50E = 150
E = 3
Therefore, the socially efficient equilibrium occurs when the quantity of emissions (E) is 3.
Now, let's calculate the net social costs of the policy when the government sets the pollution level at four units.
Net social costs = Aggregate MAC - MD
Net social costs = (150 - 20(4)) - (30(4))
Net social costs = 110 - 120
Net social costs = -10
The net social costs of this policy would be -10, indicating a net benefit to society.
If a technological change occurs that reduces the marginal costs of abatement for polluter 1 to that of polluter 2, it means that MAC1 will become equal to MAC2.
Setting MAC1 equal to MAC2:
100 - 10E = 50 - 10E
Simplifying the equation, we find that E can have any value, as both sides are equal.
Graphically, this change would mean that MAC1 and MAC2 become parallel lines on the graph, with the same slope and intercept. The socially efficient level of pollution would still be determined by equating MD with the aggregate MAC.
In conclusion, if the marginal costs of abatement for polluter 1 become equal to polluter 2, it does not affect the socially efficient level of pollution. The socially efficient level is still determined by equating the Marginal Damage with the Aggregate MAC, regardless of the marginal costs of individual polluters.
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Multiple Choice Question
Identify the articles that correctly complete the following sentence.
We all laughed at the joke about_ honest man, even though it was immature attempt at humor.
an; a
an; an
a; an
a; a
Answers
The correct answer is "an; an".
The reason for this is that the word "honest" starts with a vowel sound (the 'h' is silent), so it requires the article "an" instead of "a". The word "attempt" also starts with a vowel sound, so it also requires the article "an". Therefore, the correct articles to complete the sentence are "an; an".
The following transactions of Acer Downyoccurred during 2018:
Apr. 30 Landing is party to a patent infringement lawsuit of $220,000. Landing' attorney is certain it is remote that Landing will lose this lawsuit.
Jun. 30 Estimated warranty expense at 2% of sales of $420,000.
Jul. 28 Warranty claims paid in the amount of $5,800.
Sep. 30 Landing is party to a lawsuit for copyright violation of $ 110,000. Landings attorney advises that it is probable Landing will lose this lawsuit. The attorney estimates the loss at $ 110,000.
Dec. 31 Landing estimated warranty expense on sales for the second half of the year of $460,000 at 2%
Required:
a. Journalize required transactions, if any, in Downy'sgeneral journal. Explanations are not required.
b. What is the balance in Estimated Warranty Payable assuming a beginning balance of $0?
Answers
Answer:
Acer Downy (Landing)
1. Journal Entries:
April 30
No Journal Entries Required
Jun. 30
Debit Warranty Expense $8,400
Credit Warranty Payable $8,400
Jul. 28
Debit Warranty Payable $5,800
Credit Cash Account $5,800
Sep. 30
Debit Legal Expenses $110,000
Credit Copyright Violation Claims $110,000
Dec. 31
Debit Warranty Expense $9,200
Credit Warranty Payable $9,200
b. Balance in Estimated Warranty Payable:
Jun. 30 Warranty Expense $8,400
Jul. 28 Cash Account ($5,800)
Dec. 31 Warranty Expense $9,200
Balance $11,800
Explanation:
1. Since it is estimated that it was remote for Landing to lose the case, there is allowance made for the legal consequences. It will be disclosed in the notes that such a lawsuit was confronting Landing.
2. Warranty costs are part the costs of its selling expenses and therefore part of its SG&A expenses. The accounting entries are to debit Warranty Expense and to credit Warranty Liability or Payable. Warranty expenses arise from warranty claims put forward by customers for the repair or replacement of, or compensation for non-performance or underperformance of an item as provided for in its warranty document.
3. Copyright (Intellectual Property Rights) infringement or piracy is the use of works protected by copyright law without the required permission. The violation infringes some certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display, etc.
4. When a liability becomes probable, there should be an allowance for it.