OVER HERE
What is the perimeter of a triangle of sides 10cm, 20cm and 30cm

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

60 cm

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer 2

60 cm

add the all together


Related Questions

Barbara has x dollars to spend. Joe has 2x + 3
dollars to spend. Which of these expressions
represents the total amount of money Barbara and
Joe have to spend?

Barbara has x dollars to spend. Joe has 2x + 3dollars to spend. Which of these expressionsrepresents

Answers

Answer:  A

Step-by-step explanation: A because you have to find the total amount of money so you a X

i think/ hope

The statistical significance of the regression model is showed by t-statistic p-statistic F-statistic intercept

Answers

The T-statistic and p-statistic are used to assess the significance of individual coefficients, while the F-statistic is used to test the overall significance of the regression model.

The statistical significance of a regression model can be assessed using several statistics, including t-statistic, p-statistic, F-statistic, and intercept.

T-statistic: The t-statistic is used to test the significance of individual coefficients in a regression model. It measures the ratio of the estimated coefficient to its standard error. If the t-statistic is greater than the critical value, it suggests that the coefficient is significant.

P-statistic: The p-statistic is the probability associated with the t-statistic. It measures the probability of observing a t-statistic as large as the one calculated if the null hypothesis is true. A small p-value indicates that the coefficient is statistically significant.

F-statistic: The F-statistic tests the overall significance of the regression model. It measures the ratio of the explained variance to the unexplained variance. A large F-statistic suggests that the regression model is significant.

Intercept: The intercept term in a regression model represents the predicted value of the dependent variable when all the independent variables are equal to zero. It is usually not of primary interest in interpreting the statistical significance of the model.

In summary, the t-statistic and p-statistic are used to assess the significance of individual coefficients, while the F-statistic is used to test the overall significance of the regression model. The intercept is usually not directly related to the statistical significance of the model.

To Learn More About T-statistic

https://brainly.com/question/15071200

#SPJ11

find each unit rate: 38 words per 2 minutes

Answers

Answer:

19

Step-by-step explanation:

38 words in 2 minutes, so one minute would equal 38 divided by 2

Giselle bought a dress for $35 and three t-shirts. She used a coupon for $2. 50 off each t-shirt. The total cost can be modeled by the expression 35 + 3(n - 2. 5). What does n - 2. 5 represent?

Answers

n - 2.5 represent the Cost Price after a discount of 2.50

Given parameters,

Modeling of the total cost = 35 + 3(n - 2.5)

The general format of models like this is as follows;

Price + quantity (cost after coupon)

Coupon literally is a code that are used to obtain a discount on the current purchase

By comparison;

Price = 35 (i.e. current dress price).

Quantity = n (i.e. the number of shirts bought)

Lastly, cost after coupon = n - 2.5

It is stated that she applies a coupon on each T shirt

This can be interpreted to: removing a total discount of $2.50 from the three t-shirt.

By removing, the expression is given as negative $2.5

Hence,

n - 2.5 represent the total cost on each T shirt after coupon is applied

Learn more about Cost:

https://brainly.com/question/11027396

#SPJ4

❓ x 2 1/2 = 15/16 super easy question :)

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

x* 2½ = 15/16

x * 5/2 = 15/16

x = 15/16*2/5

x = 3/8

Answer:

3/8

Step-by-step explanation:

HELP I NEED HELP ASAP
HELP I NEED HELP ASAP
HELP I NEED HELP ASAP
HELP I NEED HELP ASAP
HELP I NEED HELP ASAP
HELP I NEED HELP ASAP
HELP I NEED HELP ASAP
HELP I NEED HELP ASAP

HELP I NEED HELP ASAPHELP I NEED HELP ASAP HELP I NEED HELP ASAP HELP I NEED HELP ASAPHELP I NEED HELP

Answers

Answer:

Its c have a nice day! <3

Step-by-step explanation:

Two quantities, x and y, are directly proportional. If x is halved, what happens to y? clear check it is doubled. It is squared. It is multiplied by 12. It depends on the starting value of x.

Answers

When x and y are directly proportional and when x is halved then y is also halved or (C) it is multiplied by 1/2.

What do we mean by directly proportional?

DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL: connected, i.e., one grows or shrinks in proportion to the other. His income is directly correlated with the number of units he sells.

If we spend Rs. 50 on two pens, as an example.

For four pens, it will cost us 100 Rs.

When the ratio x:y1 is constant, two values, x and y, are said to be inversely proportional to one another.

So, if a relationship between two variables, x and y, can be represented in the form y/x = k OR y = kx, it represents a proportionate variation.

Then,

If x rises, y will follow.

If x declines, y will follow.

So, we obtain:
When x is cut in half, y does as well.

Therefore, when x and y are directly proportional and when x is halved then y is also halved or (C) it is multiplied by 1/2.

Know more about being directly proportional here:

https://brainly.com/question/1266676

#SPJ4

Correct question:
Two quantities, x and y, are directly proportional. If x is halved, what happens to y?

a. clear check it is doubled.

b. It is squared.

c. It is multiplied by 1/2.

d. It depends on the starting value of x.

please help I'm in a hurry​

please help I'm in a hurry

Answers

Alternate Interior angles!

Rewrite the following equation in slope-intercept form.
17x - 20y = -14

Answers

Answer:

17/20x + 7/10 = y

Step-by-step explanation:

You can solve this equation by moving values until they fit the form y=mx+b (slope-intercept form).

17x - 20y =  -1417x + 14 = 20y17/20x + 14/20 = y17/20x + 7/10 = y

Hope this helps!!

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

Slope intercept form y=mx+b

-20y = -14 -17x

Y = 14/20 + 17/20x

Y = 17/20x + 14/20

snowdon has a height of approximately 1100 metres above the sea
assuming that the temperature decreases by 1 oc for every 100m above sea level, work out the temperature at the summit of snowdon when the sea level temperature is 4oc

snowdon has a height of approximately 1100 metres above the sea assuming that the temperature decreases

Answers

Answer:

\(-7^\circ C\)

Step-by-step explanation:

Let

x -----> the height in meters

y ----> the temperature in Celsius degree

we know that

The linear equation in slope intercept form is equal to

\(y+mx+b\)

where

m is the slope or unit rate

b is the y-intercept or initial value

In this problem we have

The slope or unit rate is equal to

\(m=-\dfrac{1}{100} \dfrac{^\circ C}{m}\) ---> is negative because is a decreasing function

The y-intercept or initial value is equal to

\(b=4^\circ C\) ----> value of y when the value of x is equal to zero (sea level)

substitute

\(y=-\dfrac{1}{100} x+4\)

For x=1,100 m

substitute in the linear equation and solve for y

\(y=-\dfrac{1}{100} (1,100)+4\)

\(x=-7^\circ C\)

The Platinum Rule test is a good way of judging if distributive justice is taking place Select one True O False

Answers

The Platinum Rule test is a good way of judging if distributive justice is taking place is true.

Distributive justice is the idea that people should be treated equally and that goods, opportunities, and resources should be distributed fairly among all members of society. The Platinum Rule test is one way to evaluate whether or not distributive justice is being practiced. In order to understand the Platinum Rule, it is important to first understand the Golden Rule, which states, "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you." The Platinum Rule takes the Golden Rule a step further by recognizing that people may have different needs, preferences, and desires.

The Platinum Rule states, "Do unto others as they would have you do unto them." This means that instead of treating others the way you would want to be treated, you should treat them the way they want to be treated. The Platinum Rule test can be used to evaluate whether or not distributive justice is being practiced by asking the question, "Are people being treated in the way they want to be treated?" If the answer is yes, then distributive justice is likely being practiced. However, if the answer is no, then there may be a problem with the way goods, opportunities, and resources are being distributed.

Overall, the Platinum Rule test is a useful tool for evaluating whether or not distributive justice is taking place.

know more about Platinum Rule test click here:

https://brainly.com/question/8927158

#SPJ11

solve the equation 3|3 - 5r|- 3 = 18

Answers

Answer:

r = 2

Step-by-step explanation:

3|3 - 5 * 2|- 3 = 18

3|3 - 10| - 3 = 18

3 * 7 - 3 = 18

21 - 3 = 18

18 = 18

(Since there are absolute value signs, the answer to |3 - 5r| will be positive)

Answer:

r=0.8

Step-by-step explanation:

3|3-5r|-3=18

9-15r -3=18

6-15r=18

15r=12

r=0.8

solve the equation 3|3 - 5r|- 3 = 18

Consider the control of Y(s) 10 (a) Let y = x1 and x1 = x2, and write state equations for the system. (b) Find K1 and K2 so that u = --K1x1 -K2x2 yields closed-loop poles with a natural frequency wn = 3 and a damping ratio = 0.5. (c) Design a state estimator that yields estimator error poles with wn1 = 15 and 21 = 0.5

Answers

The answer of the control of Y(s)= 10 are:

(a)The state equations for the system are:

\(\frac{dx_1}{dt} = x_2\\ \frac{dx_2}{dt} = Y(s) = 10\)

(b)The value of \(K_1\) = \(K_2 = \frac{3}{2}\)

(c)The desired pole locations α\(_1\)≈ -22.023 and α\(_2\) ≈ 7.523.

What is the quadratic formula?

The quadratic formula is a formula used to find the solutions (roots) of a quadratic equation of the form \(ax^2 + bx + c = 0\), where the coefficients are a, b, and c  and x represents the variable.

(a) To write state equations for the system, we need to define the state variables and derive their dynamics based on the given control of Y(s) = 10.

Let y =\(x_1\)and \(x_1\)= \(x_2\). Therefore, our state variables are \(x_1\) and\(x_2\).

The state equations are for the system:

\(\frac{dx_1}{dt} = x_2\\ \frac{dx_2}{dt} = Y(s) = 10\)

(b) To find \(K_1\) and\(K_2\) for closed-loop poles with a natural frequency =3 and a damping ratio = 0.5, we can use the desired characteristic equation:

\(s^2 + 2\zeta w_ns + w_n^2 = 0\)

Substituting the given values, we have:

\(s^2 + 2(0.5)(3)s + (3)^2 = 0\\ s^2 + 3s + 9 = 0\)

Comparing this to the characteristic equation of the closed-loop system:

\(s^2\)+ (\(K_1\)+ \(K_2\))s + \(K_1\)\(K_2\)= 0

We can equate the coefficients to find \(K_1\) and \(K_2\):

\(K_1\) + \(K_2\) = 3 (coefficient of s term)

\(K_1\)\(K_2\)= 9 (constant term)

Here, we can see that \(K_1\) and \(K_2\) are the roots of the equation:

\(s^2 - 3s + 9 = 0\)

Using the quadratic formula, we find:

\(s = \frac{3 \pm\sqrt{(-3)^2 - 4(1)(9)}}{2(1)}\\ s =\frac{3 \pm\sqrt{-27}}{ 2}\\ s =\frac{3 \pm 3i\sqrt{3}}{ 2}\)

The values of \(K_1\) and \(K_2\) are the real parts of these complex conjugate roots, which are both equal to\(\frac{3}{2}\):

\(K_1\) = \(K_2 = \frac{3}{2}\)

Therefore, u = -\(K_1\)x1 - \(K_2\)x2 yields closed-loop poles with a natural frequency \(w_n\) = 3 and a damping ratio \(\zeta\) = 0.5.

(c) To design a state estimator that yields estimator error poles with \(w_n_1\) = 15 and \(\zeta_1\) = 0.5, we can use the desired characteristic equation:

\((s - \alpha)^2 = 0\)

where α is the desired pole location.

For \(w_n_1\) = 15 and\(\zeta_1\)= 0.5, we can calculate α as:

α = -\(\zeta_1\)\(w_n_1\pm w_n_1\sqrt{1 - \zeta_1^2}\)

α =\(-(0.5)(15) \pm (15)\sqrt{1 - 0.5^2}\)

α = -7.5 ± 15\(\sqrt{1 - 0.25}\)

α = -7.5 ± 15\(\sqrt{0.75}\)

α ≈ -7.5 ± 15(0.8660)

α ≈ -7.5 ± 12.99

The two desired poles for the estimator error dynamics are approximately:

α\(_1\) ≈ -20.49

α\(_2\) ≈ 5.49

Therefore, the state estimator should be designed such that the estimator error poles have \(w_n_1 = 15\) and \(\zeta_1\) = 0.5, which correspond to the desired pole locations α\(_1\)≈ -22.023 and α\(_2\) ≈ 7.523.

To learn more about the quadratic formula refer here

brainly.com/question/1214333

#SPJ4

Sara earns $12. 75 per hour at her job. She works 18 hours each week. While at work, she parks her car in a garage that charges $10. 50 every 3 hours. After paying for parking, how much does Sara earn each week?

Answers

Sara earns $200.25 each week after deducting the parking expenses.To calculate Sara's earnings each week, we need to consider her hourly wage,

the number of hours she works, and the parking expenses she incurs. Sara earns $12.75 per hour, and she works 18 hours each week. So, her earnings before parking expenses can be calculated as follows: Earnings before parking expenses = Hourly wage * Number of hours worked = $12.75/hour * 18 hours = $229.50 Now, we need to subtract the parking expenses from Sara's earnings. The garage charges $10.50 every 3 hours. Since Sara works 18 hours, we can calculate how many times she needs to pay for parking by dividing the total hours worked by 3:Number of parking sessions = Total hours worked / Hours per parking session

= 18 hours / 3 hours

= 6 parking sessions

Each parking session costs $10.50, so the total parking expenses can be found by multiplying the number of parking sessions by the cost per session:Total parking expenses = Number of parking sessions * Cost per parking session

= 6 sessions * $10.50/session

= $63.00

Finally, we subtract the parking expenses from Sara's earnings before parking expenses to find her net earnings: Net earnings = Earnings before parking expenses - Total parking expenses

= $229.50 - $63.00

= $166.50

Therefore, after deducting the parking expenses, Sara earns $166.50 each week.

learn more about week here :

https://brainly.com/question/31596416

#SPJ11

-9x-17=39 solve the equation for x

Answers

Answer:

x = - 56/9 or -6.2

Step-by-step explanation:

555 times 5
no explanation please

Answers

Answer:

2775

Step-by-step explanation:

i need help please thanks​

i need help please thanks

Answers

Answer:

1/7

Step-by-step explanation:

x^(-1) means to find the reciprocal of number x

so 7^(-1) = 1/7

Answer is 1 over 7. hope this helps!

Beth bought two new tires for here race car. Each tire originally cost 74.95$. She recieved a 15% discount. How much money did she save on the purchase of the tires?

Answers

Answer:

$11.24

Step-by-step explanation:

Given data

Original cost of tire=  $74.95

DIscount= 15%

Required

The amount of the discount

=15/100*74.95

= 0.15*74.95

= 11.24

Hence the amount saved is $11.24

A man takes a renovation loan of $28 800 for 4 years at 3.75% per annum. (a) Find the simple interest payable. (b) Find the monthly repayment.​

Answers

To find the simple interest payable, we can use the formula:

Simple Interest = Principal × Rate × Time

where:

Principal = $28,800

Rate = 3.75% per annum (expressed as a decimal, so 3.75% = 0.0375)

Time = 4 years

(a) The simple interest payable is $4,320.

Simple Interest payable:

Simple Interest = $28,800 × 0.0375 × 4

Simple Interest = $4,320

Therefore, the simple interest payable is $4,320.

(b) The monthly repayment amount is approximately $690.

To find the monthly repayment, we need to calculate the total amount to be repaid and then divide it by the number of months in the loan term.

Total amount to be repaid = Principal + Simple Interest

Total amount to be repaid = $28,800 + $4,320

Total amount to be repaid = $33,120

The loan term is 4 years, which is equivalent to 4 × 12 = 48 months.

Monthly repayment = Total amount to be repaid / Number of months

Monthly repayment = $33,120 / 48

Monthly repayment ≈ $690

Therefore, the monthly repayment amount is approximately $690.

To know more about simple interest:

https://brainly.com/question/30964674

#SPJ11

Michael jogs at 3 miles per hour and Jack runs at 4.5 miles per hour. If Michael starts at 2:00 pm and Jack starts on the same course at 2:20 pm, at what time and mileage will Jack catch up to Michael?

Answers

Answer:

It will take Jack 40 minutes to cover the same distance which Micheal covers in 60 minutes. Both will meet at 3 miles distance at 3 pm.

Step-by-step explanation:

Micheal  runs 3 miles in one hour or 60 minutes.

In one minute he runs 3/60= 1/20  or 0.05miles.

Jack runs 4.5 miles in one hour or 60 minutes.

In one minute he runs 4.5/60= 45/600= 9/120= 3/40  or 0.075 miles.

So Jack is 0.075/0.05 = 1.5 times faster than Micheal.

or Micheal is 1.5 times slower than Jack.

Jack starts from 2:20 pm and at 3 pm he will run 0.075(40 minutes)= 3miles

Micheal start at 2:00 pm and at 3 pm he will run 0.05(60 minutes)= 3 miles

So at 3 pm both will have covered equal distance= 3miles.

It will take Jack 40 minutes to cover the same distance which Micheal covers in 60 minutes. Both will meet at 3 miles distance at 3 pm.

Which is a valid prediction about the continuous function f(x)?

f(x) ≥ 0 over the interval [5, ∞).
f(x) ≤ 0 over the interval [–1, ∞).
f(x) > 0 over the interval (–∞, 1).
f(x) < 0 over the interval (–∞. –1).

Answers

Answer:

f(x) ≥ 0 over the interval [5, ∞).

( option A )

A valid prediction about the continuous function f(x) is the values of f(x) for x ≥ 5 are greater than or equal to zero. The correct answer is option A.

What is the continuous function?

A function is continuous if its graph has no gaps or jumps. A function f(x) is said to be continuous at a point x=a if the limit of f(x) as x approaches a exists and equals f(a). A function on an interval is continuous if it is continuous at every point in that interval.

The table is given in the question as follows:

x: -5, -3, -1, 1, 3, 5, 7

f(x): 8, 4, 0, -2, -2, 0,4

Using the given values of x and f(x), we can make some observations about the behavior of the function f(x) over the given intervals:

Over the interval [5, ∞), f(x) is positive for all x, since all the values of f(x) for x ≥ 5 are greater than or equal to zero.

Therefore, option A is a valid prediction.

Learn more about the continuous function here:

https://brainly.com/question/21447009

#SPJ7

The missing table is attached below.

Which is a valid prediction about the continuous function f(x)?f(x) 0 over the interval [5, ).f(x) 0

HELP! im literally panicking here

HELP! im literally panicking here

Answers

aAnswer:

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

i would do c because u are about 2 look at it with a graph and do y2-y1/x2-x1 with the length times height but it the other 2 u would just basically multiply the 2 numbers

Step-by-step explanation:

help me answer this question please ( I got 1 and 0 and it was wrong)

help me answer this question please ( I got 1 and 0 and it was wrong)

Answers

We have the next function

\(f(x)=ln(x+5)\text{ }\)

First, we need to calculate the derivate of the function

\(f^{\prime}(x)=\frac{1}{x+5}\)

the critical points are when the derivate is 0 or can be calculated

in this case, x=-5 is a critical point and it doesn't belong

to the interval given therefore the number of critical points is 0

A student walked 100 meters north, then 100 meters west. How many more meters did the student walk compared to their total displacement from their starting point?.

Answers

Using Pythagorean theorem, the student walked 53.58 meters more compared to the total displacement from the starting point.

If a student walks 100 meters north, then 100 meters west, then the path he travels resembles the sides of a right triangle (see attached photo).

Using Pythagorean theorem, we can solve for the total displacement from the starting point to the end point.

c^2 = a^2 + b^2

where c is the total displacement from the starting point to the end point

a is the distance he walks up north

b is the distance he walks to the west

c^2 = 100^2 + 100^2

c^2 = 10,000 + 10,000

c^2 = 20,000

c = 141.42 meters

Comparing the total distance the student walked and the total displacement from the starting point to the end point by subtraction.

100 meters + 100 meters - 141.42 meters = 53.58 meters

Learn more about Pythagorean Theorem here: brainly.com/question/343682

#SPJ4

A student walked 100 meters north, then 100 meters west. How many more meters did the student walk compared

Solve for \(x:logx 37 = 2\)

Answers

x^2=37 ===》 x = + radical 37( acceptable )

===》 x = - radical 37(unacceptable)

Chris completed 20% of a 50 page reading assignment. How many pages did he read?

Answers

Answer:

10 pages

Step-by-step explanation:

To find 20% of 50, multiply .20 x 50

.2 × 50 = 10

Answer:

10 pages

Step-by-step explanation:

20% of 50 pages

One way is converting 20% to a decimal 0.2

0.2 x 50 = 10 pages.

1. Two adjacent angles
2. Two acute vertical angles
3. Two obtuse vertical angles

1. Two adjacent angles2. Two acute vertical angles3. Two obtuse vertical angles

Answers

Answer: D e acute

Step-by-step explanation:

Which expression is equivalent to 4(7c+3)+5?

Answers

Answer:

12

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

12

Step-by-step explanation:

What is 14x + 8 = 9(x - 2) + 5x?

Answers

Answer:

No solution

Step-by-step explanation:

There are no values of  x  that make the equation true.

TO LATE SORRYYYY BUT HOPE ITS HELPFUL ❤❤

Answer:

NO SOLUTION

Step-by-step explanation:

14x+8=9(x+2)+5x

14x+8=9x+18+5x collect like terms

14x+8=9x+5x+18

14x+8=14x+18

14x+8-8=14x+18-8

14x=14x+10

14x-14x=14x-14x+10

0=10

NO SOLUTION

hope it's helpful ❤❤❤❤❤❤

THANK YOU.

.#

Middle School (8th Grade) Pre-Algebra Math Question.
Okay so the question is

-8x + 2y = -2
slope = __
y-intercept = __

Answers

So, you're going to want to put this in the form y=mx+b (I don't remember what it's called). So, start off by moving the -8x to the other side by adding 8x to both sides. So, we have 2y=8x-2. Then, divide both sides by 2. 8x/2=4x, and 2/2=1. So, we have y=4x+1.

Slope=4

y-intercept=1

Other Questions
What is the maximum number of grams of copper that could be produced by the reaction of 30.0 of copper oxide with excess methane? CuO(s)+CH4(I)-H2O(I)+Cu(s)+CO2(g) No one is as slick as Gaston is as slick as Gaston, is this a simple subject, simple predicate, complete subject, complete predicate, or neither. Q 1.7: A small business owner has decided to form a ______________ after deciding that she wants to maximize revenue, minimize taxes, give back to the community, and exercise total control over her business. according to the textbook, what are the four broad categories of disabilities that affect how people interact with their computers and the information on them? Sale The company sold equipment for 16,000$. the cost of the equipment is 60,000$, it's accumulated depreciation is 49,000$. Record the sales transaction It would be appropriate to recommend high-fiber foods to someone trying to lose weight because:_____ If the sides of a right triangle are 6 feet and 8 feet, what is the length of the hypotenuse? * Can someone plz help me? The basic economic problem refers to how individuals decide to spend their money.TrueFalse whats porosity a) The ease with which water is able to flow from one pore to another in rockb) A measure of the amount of ground water available in the water tablec) A measure of the amount of open space within unconsolidated sediment or rockd) The ability of water to trickle down through soil until it reaches ground water Specific Instructions: Answer the following questions in atleast ten sentences.How does the pandemic affect the status of global foodsecurity?As a global citizen what do you think is your role th Solve for x6x - 21 = 3x + 12 jay was the project manager for a kitchen-remodeling project and scanned the status report to make sure it was clear and free of errors. which of the following deliverables would be classified as green, according to the progress made? _____ is the full introduction of a complete marketing strategy and the launch of a product. Sheets composed of two layers of amphipathic molecules arranged with the hydrophilic groups on the surface and the hydrophobic groups buried in the center that form in water are called? Rolling a single six-sided di, you play a game with the following rules: if you roll an even number, you lose 1 point. If you roll a 1, you gain 1 point. If you roll a 3, you gain 3 points. If you roll a 5, you lose 4 points. After a long time continually playing the game, would you expect to have a positive point total or a negative point total? STATSWhen a truckload of apples arrives at a packing plant, a random sample of 125 apples are selected and examined for bruises and other defects. In reality, 14% of the apples on a particular truck are bruised or otherwise unsatisfactory.(a) How many standard errors away from 0.14 would you need to go to contain 89% of the sample proportions of bad apples you might expect to find? (3 decimal places) Calculate the standard score of the given x value, x=37.4, where x=32.6, s=4.8. Round your answer to two decimal places. 14. Transcription is the process of making *(1 Point)A. mRNA from DNA.B. DNA without the use of nitrogen bases.C. chemicals that link chains of amino acids.D. All the Above teenagers lack survival skills?