now that you've completed the experiment, give at least 2 specific sources of error that arose. if you believe you successfully avoided error, give two examples of how you did so.
(If you are completing this experiment fully online, give sources of error that you think could have happened in the procedure, and give two examples of how these could have been avoided)

The gas sample is Cl₂. Answer A.

The ideal gas equation formula PV = nRT

Calculating the number of moles of the gas sample.

PV = nRT

1.04 × 1.365 = n × 0.0821 × 368

1.4196 = n × 30.21

n = 1.4196 ÷ 30.21

n = 0.04699 mol

The formula for mass and number of moles m = n × Mr

Calculating the molar gas from the sample

Mr = m ÷ n
Mr = 3.33 ÷ 0.04699

Mr = 70.9 g/mol

From the info given, gas Cl₂ has the same molar mass as the sample.

So, the gas sample is Cl₂, chlorine gas.

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The gas with the highest rms speed at 200°C is H2O (choice B).

What is root-mean-square speed.?

The root-mean-square (rms) speed of gas molecules is a measure of the average speed of the molecules in a gas sample. It is defined as the square root of the mean of the squares of the velocities of individual gas molecules in the sample, where the velocity is the speed and direction of a molecule.

Mathematically, the formula for rms speed is:

rms speed = √(3RT/M)

According to the kinetic-molecular theory, the root-mean-square (rms) speed of gas molecules is directly proportional to the square root of the temperature and inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass. Therefore, lighter molecules will have higher rms speeds than heavier molecules at the same temperature.

The formula for rms speed is:

rms speed = √(3RT/M)

where R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and M is the molar mass of the gas.

At 200°C, the temperature in Kelvin is 200 + 273.15 = 473.15 K.

Comparing the molar masses of the gases given, we see that H2O has the lowest molar mass, followed by HCl, Cl2, and SF6, which has the highest molar mass.

Using the above formula, we can calculate the rms speeds of the gases at 200°C:

For H2O: rms speed = √(3RT/M) = √(3 x 8.314 x 473.15 / 18.015) = 603.2 m/s

For HCl: rms speed = √(3RT/M) = √(3 x 8.314 x 473.15 / 36.461) = 468.5 m/s

For Cl2: rms speed = √(3RT/M) = √(3 x 8.314 x 473.15 / 70.906) = 376.4 m/s

For SF6: rms speed = √(3RT/M) = √(3 x 8.314 x 473.15 / 146.06) = 259.8 m/s

Therefore, the gas with the highest rms speed at 200°C is H2O (choice B).

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The 3 examples of metaphors: 1. life is a dual carriageway. 2. Her eyes were diamonds.3. he is a shining big name.

A metaphor is discernment of speech that, for rhetorical effect, directly refers to 1 thing by bringing up another. it may provide clarity or become aware of hidden similarities between two one-of-a-kind thoughts. A metaphor is a discernment of speech that describes an item or movement in a manner that isn't always actually genuine but helps explain a concept or make an assessment.

See if the sentence makes use of a word inclusive of “as” or “like” as a preposition. that is, it's far from evaluating things explicitly. If it compares matters without the usage of prepositions consisting of “like” or “as” it is a metaphor.

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Answer:

Five points of Dalton's atomic theory:

1) all elements are made up of atoms.  

2) atoms are so small that they cannot be divided any further.  

3) an atom can neither be destroyed nor be formed.  

4) atoms of an element are similar, they possess the same mass and same properties.  

5) atoms of different elements combine in a definite ratio to form compounds.  

Due to further experimentation, it was concluded that an atom is made up of small particles identified as protons, neutrons, and electrons. They can be further subdivided.

Another change is the presence of isotopes of atoms of different elements. Hence, atoms of the same element can also have different masses.

Hope this helps, have a nice day/night! :D

As per Dalton's atomic model atoms are the minuscule, distinct building blocks of all stuff.

What is Dalton's atomic model?

Dalton proposed that the concept of atoms may be used to explain the laws of conservation of mass as well as definite proportions. He proposed that atoms, of the kind, that he described as "solid, tightly compacted, hard, impenetrable, moving particle," are the smallest, indivisible units of matter.

Dalton's atomic model is as fellow:

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One key feature of the conception of the divine found in Judaism is monotheism, the belief in a single, all-powerful God.

Monotheism is a fundamental characteristic of Judaism. It is the belief in the existence of only one God, who is seen as the creator and ruler of the universe. This monotheistic belief sets Judaism apart from many other ancient religions that embraced polytheism. In Judaism, God is regarded as a singular, indivisible entity who is infinite and beyond human comprehension.

The concept of monotheism in Judaism is rooted in various sacred texts, including the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) and the teachings of Jewish scholars and philosophers. Judaism emphasizes the oneness and unity of God, rejecting the notion of multiple gods or divine beings. This belief in a singular, transcendent God forms the foundation of Jewish theology and is a defining characteristic of the Jewish conception of the divine.

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Answer:

2117.02 litres

Explanation:

Using the ideal gas equation as follows;

PV = nRT

Where:

P = pressure of the gas (atm)

V = volume of the gas (L)

n = number of moles (mol)

R = gas law constant (Latm/molK)

T = temperature (K)

According to the information given in this question,

P = 0.12 atm

V = ?

n = 9.7moles

T = 46°C = 46 + 273 = 319K

R = 0.0821 Latm/molK

Using PV = nRT

0.12 × V = 9.7 × 0.0821 × 319

0.12V = 254.04

V = 254.04 ÷ 0.12

V = 2117.02 litres

Answer:

Explanation:

We can calculate the standard deviation of a set of data using the formula:

σ = sqrt[Σ(xi - μ)² / N]

Where:

- σ is the standard deviation

- Σ is the sum of the values

- xi is each individual value

- μ is the mean (average) of the values

- N is the total number of values

First, we need to calculate the mean of the data set:

Mean = (11.36 + 11.37 + 11.49 + 11.38 + 11.39) / 5 = 11.398

Next, we can calculate the range of the data by subtracting the smallest value from the largest value:

Range = 11.49 - 11.36 = 0.13

To estimate the standard deviation using the range, we can use the following formula:

σ ≈ Range / 4

σ ≈ 0.13 / 4 = 0.0325

Alternatively, we can use the square root of the number of measurements averaged to estimate the standard deviation. Since we have 5 measurements in this data set, we can use the following formula:

σ ≈ Range / sqrt(N)

σ ≈ 0.13 / sqrt(5) = 0.058

Therefore, the estimated standard deviation of this data set is approximately 0.0325 using the range of the data and 0.058 using the square root of the number of measurements averaged.

Answer:

I'm pretty sure is a mixture

Answer:

Thomson's results showed that atoms contain smaller particles, so Dalton's theory had to be modified. Rutherford's results showed that most of an atom is empty space and that the mass is concentrated in the center of the atom.

Explanation:

( like and follow if it helps >W< )

Answer:

719.83°C

Explanation:

The heat that the sample of Zinc gives is equal to the heat that water is absorbing. That is:

C(Zn) * m(Zn) * ΔT(Zn) = C(H2O) * m(H2O) * ΔT(H2O)

Where:

C is specific heat (Zn: 0.390J/g°C; H2O: 4.184J/g°C)

m is mass (Zn: 2.50g; H2O: 65.0g)

ΔT (Zn: ?; H2O: (22.5°C - 20.0°C = 2.50°C)

Replacing:

0.390J/g°C * 2.50g * ΔT(Zn) = 4.184J/g°C * 65.0g * 2.50

ΔT(Zn) = 697.33°C

As final temperature of Zn is 22.50°C, initial temperature is:

Initial temperature: 697.33°C + 22.50°C

719.83°C

Answer:

Ionic Compound

Explanation:

1) NaBr

2) CaCl2

3) MgS

4) AlO

5) Li3P

6) Cs3N

7) KI

8) BaF2

9) RbNO2

10) BaO

11) Potassium oxide

12) Magnesium iodide

13) Aluminum chloride

14) Calcium bromide

15) Sodium nitride

16) Lithium fluoride

17) Barium phosphide

18) Dicesium sulfide

19) Strontium fluoride

20) Sodium chloride

Hope this helps!!

In terms of energy efficiency, an electric lighter is more efficient than a butane lighter. However, as such the choice between a butane lighter and an electric lighter ultimately depends on the specific needs and circumstances of the user.

This is because an electric lighter does not require any fuel to operate, and instead uses electrical energy from a battery or the car's electrical system to generate a spark to light a fire.

On the other hand, a butane lighter requires fuel in the form of butane gas to operate, and some of the energy from the combustion of the butane is lost as heat and not used to produce a flame.

Additionally, butane lighters can release small amounts of unburned fuel into the air, contributing to air pollution.

However, it's worth noting that electric lighters may not be as practical for certain situations, such as camping or other outdoor activities where access to electrical power is limited. In such cases, a butane lighter may be a more suitable option.

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It is needed 1498.25 g of SiO2.

- From the chemical equation, we know that to produce 40.10 g of SiC, it is needed 60.08 g of SiO2 and 36.033 g of C (because in the reaction there are 3 moles of C).

- Calculating we obtain that:

So, it is needed 1498.25 g of SiO2. This can be expressed as 1.50x10^3 g.

The number of mole of oxygen gas, O₂ in the cylinder given the data is 0.5 mole

The mole of a substance is related to it's mass and molar mass according to the following equation:

Mole = mass / molar mass

From the question given, the following data were obtained:

Mole = mass / molar mass

Mole of O₂ = 16 / 32

Mole of O₂ = 0.5 mole

Complete question

See attached photo

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Answer:

The release of methane from thawed permafrost.

Explanation:

The complete question is

A group of scientists in Alaska notices that not only have atmospheric CO2 levels increased at their sampling site but so too have methane levels. What could account for this increase in methane levels?

- None of the answer options is correct.

- The release of methane from thawed permafrost.

-A decrease in beef production near the researchers' sampling area.

-The melting of permafrost accompanied by the thawing of methane-producing bacteria.

-The failure of rice paddies to be established in Alaska, given its climate.

Permafrost regions like the arctic circle hold a large supply supply of methane in their soils and their seas. Ordinarily, this methane should be gradually released naturally over a long period of time, but the effects of global warming is making these permafrost to thaw at a much faster rate, accelerating the release of methane into the atmosphere. The dark side is that methane is about 80 times more deadly when compared to CO2 in its contribution to the green house effect on earth.

Answer:

Explanation:

grips with three basic problems: error; representation, which is the justification of number …

Answer:

Explanation:

Would you expect metals to have high ionization energies or low ionization energies? Support your answer by relating ionization energy to the formulation of ions.

By natural process, elements individually gain or lose electrons by the path of least resistance to form an element with a Noble Gas electron configuration. That is, elements containing less than 4 electrons (Groups IA through Groups IIIA and include the Transition Elements) tend to lose electrons and become positive cations. Elements containing 4 or more valence electrons generally tend to gain electrons forming negative anions. In general, the elements forming cations are collectively ‘The Metal Elements’ and the elements forming anions are collectively ‘The Nonmetal Elements’.  

The chart following the explanation text shows metals in blue, metalloids in green and nonmetals in yellow. In general, metals tend to lose electrons, nonmetals tend to gain electrons and metalloids sometimes gain and sometimes lose depending upon the compound of interest.  

(see chart at end of explanation)*

Trends in ionization energy depend upon three factors, 1. Atomic and Ionic Radii, 2. The amount of energy needed (gain/endothermic process) to remove electrons from the element’s electronic structure and 3. ‘Electron Affinity’ an energy term describing the amount of energy lost (exothermic process) when an electron is added into the valence shell of an element.  

Atomic and Ionic radii of metals tend to decrease with increasing atomic number. That is, in a given series the 1st element would have the largest atomic and ionic radii and sequentially decrease through the smaller radii as atomic number increases. In order of increasing atomic number the following 1st ionization energies (removal of 1st electron) are known for the listed metallic elements of series 2 of the periodic table:

Li + 520Kj/mole => Li⁺ + eˉ (valence electron is farther away from nucleus than the next two elements in series.)

Be + 900Kj/mole => Be⁺ + eˉ  (electronic orbital structure is more stable for the 1st 2eˉs)

B + 801Kj/mole => B⁺ + eˉ (electron orbital structure is less stable (easier to remove) for 3rd electron requiring a lower ΔEᵢ.)

In the series, the elements are increasing in proton and electron number resulting in smaller radii and stronger attractive electrostatic forces (stronger bond) between the nucleus and electron cloud. Relating this trend to the 1st ionization energy values shown above, the larger radii requires lower ionization energies as the valence electron is farther from the nucleus with a weaker bond than subsequent elements in the same series.  

In a more fundamental context, consider Lithium (Li) with its 1 valence electron. By path of least resistance concept (see 1st sentence), would it be more reasonable for lithium to gain 7 electrons to achieve a Noble Gas configuration (i.e., Ne) or lose 1 electron to achieve the Noble Gas configuration (i.e., He)? By natural path of least resistance, Li would tend to lose its one valence electron forming the cation Li⁺. Of course, with a little thought, gaining 7 electrons would be improbable as lithium has only 3 protons (+); certainly not enough attractive force to hold 8 electrons (1e⁻ + 7e⁻ gained).

Three isotopes of carbon are found in nature: carbon 13, that has 7 neutrons, carbon 14, that has 8 neutrons, and carbon 12, that has 6 particles (plus 6 protons = 12).

A naturally occurring stable isotope that carbon with such a nucleus made up of six protons & seven neutrons is called carbon-13 (13C).

The amount of protons in an element's nucleus determines how it will react chemically.However, the amount or neutrons in the nucleus of different atoms in the same element might vary.

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Answer:

The short general principle of solubility states that "like dissolves like." Solvents that have similar polarity or charge to the solute tend to dissolve it more readily.

Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve based on chemical nature, intermolecular forces, and "like dissolves like" principle. Factors like particle size, temperature, and pressure affect solubility. It is expressed as the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a solvent.

The LD50 concentration of CuSO₄ for brine shrimp is reported to be around 2.75 ppm (parts per million), which means that if 50% of the brine shrimp population were exposed to this concentration of CuSO₄, they would die as a result of the exposure

The LD50 and ED50 are both terms commonly used in toxicology to express the effectiveness or toxicity of a substance.

The LD50, which stands for "lethal dose 50," is the amount of a substance required to cause death in 50% of the test population. It is typically expressed in units of milligrams or micrograms of the substance per kilogram of body weight of the test animal.

On the other hand, the ED50 stands for "effective dose 50," which is the amount of a substance required to produce a desired effect in 50% of the test population. It is commonly used in pharmacology to measure the potency of a drug.

In the case of the brine shrimp, the LD50 concentration of CuSO4 (copper sulfate) would be the amount of CuSO4 that would cause the death of 50% of the shrimp population in a given test. It is important to note that the LD50 can vary depending on various factors such as the species being tested, the method of exposure, and the duration of exposure.

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Answer:

84

Explanation:

From the question given above, it is evident that 222 86Rn is emitting alpha particle since the daughter nuclei produced has a mass number lesser than 4 when compared to parent element.

Therefore, the miss value in the equation is 84.

Please see attachment for further details

Based on the calculations, the missing value that will balance the equation is: A. 84.

An alpha decay is a type of nuclear reaction in which the atomic nucleus of a radioactive element emits an alpha particle (helium atom), thereby, producing chemical elements with a different atomic nucleus.

In this exercise, we are given the following nuclear equation with an alpha decay:

²²²R₈₆   -----> ²¹⁸Poₓ + ⁴He₂

For the subscript, we have:

86 - 2 = 84.

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A gas mixture containing oxygen, nitrogen, and He has a total pressure of 189.9 kPa. If PO2 = 104.6 kPa and PN2 = 13.0 kPa, PHe is 72.3 kPa.

Static pressure and velocity pressure are added to create total pressure. There is static pressure in a fluid that is not flowing. The pressure required to accelerate air from a zero velocity to a specific velocity that is proportional to the kinetic energy of the air stream is known as velocity pressure.

Consider the friction that exists between a fluid and the interior surface of a pipe. The fluid's density and velocity are used to compute the dynamic pressure: the total pressure in a mixture of ideal gases is the total of the partial pressures of the individual gases.

Total pressure = PO2  + PN2 + PHe

189.9 kPa = 104.6 kPa + 13.0 kPa + PHe

PHe = 72.3 kPa

Thus, A gas mixture containing oxygen, nitrogen, and He has a total pressure of 189.9 kPa. If PO2 = 104.6 kPa and PN2 = 13.0 kPa,PHe is  72.3 kPa.

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Answer:

406m/s

Explanation:

Speed = distance ÷ time

Answer:

406 m/s

Explanation:

Divide 325,000 meters by 800 and 800 seconds by 800 (because we are trying to find the speed in meters per second.

325,000÷800 = 406.25 meters

800÷800 = 1 second

≈ 406 m/s

Antibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), present at neuromuscular junction (NMJ), can affect function of junction by interfering with normal signaling between nerve and muscle.

Antibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), which are present at neuromuscular junction (NMJ), can affect the function of junction by interfering with normal signaling between nerve and muscle.

At NMJ, the nerve terminal releases acetylcholine (ACh), which binds to nAChR on muscle cell membrane, leading to depolarization of muscle cell and muscle contraction. If antibodies bind to nAChR, they can block or reduce the number of available receptors for ACh, leading to decrease or even complete loss of the normal muscle response to nerve stimulation.

This can result in muscle weakness, fatigue, and even paralysis, depending on the severity of antibody binding and amount of functional nAChR remaining at the NMJ.

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1) Balance the chemical equation.

Step 1: Assign oxidation numbers

PbO2: Pb (+4) and O (-2)

Mn2+: Mn (+2)

Pb2+: Pb (+2)

MnO4-: Mn (+7) and O (-2)

Step 2: Figure out what's being reduced and what's being oxidized.

Mn has been oxidized. It changed from (+2) to (+7)

Pb has been reduced. It changed from (+4) to (+2)

Step 3: Write half-reaction

Oxidation half-reaction

Reduction half-reaction

Step 4: Balance all elements EXCEPT for hydrogen and oxygen

Oxidation half-reaction

Reduction half-reaction

Step 5: Balance oxygens. We do so by adding water molecules to the half-reactions as needed.

Oxidation half-reaction

Reduction half-reaction

Step 6: Balance hydrogens. We do so by adding protons (H+) to the half-reactions as needed.

Oxidation half-reaction

Reduction half-reaction

Step 7: Balance charges. We do so by adding electrons

Oxidation half-reaction

Reduction half-reaction

Step 8: Multiply half-reactions to make the number of electrons equal.

Oxidation half-reaction.

New oxidation half-reaction.

Reduction half-reaction

New reduction half-reaction

Step 9: Cancel electrons and combine the half-reactions

Overall reaction

Step 10: Balance the chemical equation by reducing the number of water molecules and protons.

Overall reaction

2) The balanced chemical equation

Overall reaction

.

Answer: okay

Explanation:

Answer:

What exactly do you want help with

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

nm

The answer is: 0.24 hours. To find the time it takes to plate 8.66 g of nickel onto copper using a 2.0 V power supply with a 693 mA current flow and a 0.50 M nickel (II) acetate solution, we will use Faraday’s Law of Electrolysis which states:

It states that the quantity of a substance produced during electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed, provided that the electrode reaction is a one-electron process. Mathematically, it is expressed as:

Where n = number of electrons transferred

Q = Quantity of electricity passed

F = Faraday constant (F = 96,500 C/mol)

M = molar mass of the metal deposited

For this problem:

Q = It

Q = (0.693 A)(2.0 h)

Q = 1.386 Coulombs

From the balanced chemical equation, 1 mole of nickel deposit (Ni) requires 2 moles of electrons, and its molar mass is 58.69 g/mol.

So, the number of moles of Ni deposited can be found as:

Moles of Ni = (1.386 C / 2 F) × (1 mol / 2 e-)

Moles of Ni = 3.58 × 10-5 mol

The mass of nickel deposited can be found as:

Mass = n × M

Mass = (3.58 × 10-5 mol) (58.69 g/mol)

Mass = 0.00210 g or 2.10 mg

Now, we have to convert the mass of nickel deposited to hours:

2.10 mg of nickel deposited in 2 hours

8.66 g of nickel deposited in x hours

Thus, we can use proportionality to find the time.

x = (2 h) (8.66 g) / (0.00210 g)

x = 8.66 × (2/0.00210)

h = 8274.29 hours = 344.76 days = 11.5 months

However, the answer is requested in hours. Thus,0.24 hours is the time required to deposit 8.66 g of nickel onto copper using a 2.0 V power supply with a 693 mA current flow and 0.50 M nickel (II) acetate solution.

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Answer:

To make H2O, you need two H and one O. in this equation, you are given two Os which is too many. you'll end up with an extra O. H2 + O2 -> H2O + O