Name the characteristics that distinguish early vertebrates from modern vertebrates.
Answers
Early vertebrates, which lived over 500 million years ago, differed from modern vertebrates in several ways. One key characteristic was their lack of jaws. Early vertebrates had simple mouths with no bones or teeth for biting.
Chewing, whereas modern vertebrates have evolved complex jaw structures that allow for more efficient feeding. Another difference is that early vertebrates lacked paired fins, which modern fish and other aquatic vertebrates use for swimming and maneuvering. Early vertebrates also lacked a bony skeleton, relying instead on a notochord for support. Over time, this notochord evolved into the backbone that characterizes modern vertebrates. Additionally, early vertebrates likely had a more primitive circulatory system compared to modern vertebrates, which have evolved more efficient systems for delivering oxygen and nutrients throughout the body.
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Related Questions
a scientist finds an organism that has a single cell without a nucleus this organism was found in pond water in which kingdom does it belong to? explain what is the answer if you find the answer i will give you 100,000 dollars
Answers
Answer:
Protista
Explanation:
In biology, there are said to be six different kingdoms that an organism can be classified under. They include Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea/Archaebacteria, and Bacteria/Eubacteria.
With this in mind, you say that a unicellular (single-celled) organism without a nucleus was found in pond water. This would point to the Protista kingdom, which are also known as protists. These organisms are single-celled beings with no big nucleus that are typically found in environments like ponds.
Hope this helped! I will take my 100,000 dollars via wire transfer (or just give this answer branliest)
a membrane consisting only of phospholipids undergoes a sharp transition from an ordered form to the fluid form as it is heated. however, a membrane containing 80% phospholipid and 20% cholesterol undergoes a more gradual change from ordered to fluid form when heated over the same temperature range. explain why.
Answers
The ring structure of cholesterol interferes with the transport of acyl chains and reduces membrane fluidity is the reason that a phospholipid only membrane suffers a fast change from an ordered to a fluid state when heated.
Cholesterol inhibits the chain from being packed tightly enough to crystallize.
As a result, cholesterol aids the membrane's resistance to melting at elevated heat and crystallization at low temperatures, allowing for more progressive transitions between phases.
In terms of fluidity, shorter fat chains and more unsaturated bonds between fatty acid carbon atoms promote membrane fluidity. Furthermore, an elevation in cholesterol content reduces membrane fluidity by reducing membrane molecule mobility.
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organic matter decomposes very slowly in wetlands due to the high oxygen levels in the soil.
True or False
Answers
Organic matter decomposes very slowly in wetlands due to the high oxygen levels in the soil is False.
Organic matter decomposes very slowly in wetlands due to the low oxygen levels in the soil. The waterlogged conditions of wetlands create an anaerobic environment that limits the activity of aerobic decomposers, which require oxygen to break down organic matter.
Instead, anaerobic bacteria and fungi dominate in wetland soils, breaking down organic matter through processes such as fermentation and methanogenesis. This slow decomposition rate is what contributes to the accumulation of organic matter and the formation of peat in many wetlands.
Additionally, the decomposition of organic matter in wetlands plays an important role in nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration, making wetlands a vital component of many ecosystems.
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dr. stiles is measuring the activity of two separate neurons. the first neuron responds more to a tone when it predicts positive consequences, but not negative consequences. the second neuron responds whenever a tone predicts an outcome (positive or negative). dr. stiles is likely recording from cells in the .
Answers
Based on the information provided, it is likely that Dr. Stiles is recording from cells in the amygdala.
The first neuron's increased response to a tone when it predicts positive consequences suggests that it may be involved in reward processing. The second neuron's response to a tone predicting any outcome (positive or negative) indicates a more general role in outcome prediction. Both of these functions are associated with the amygdala, which is a brain region involved in emotion processing and associative learning.
The amygdala is an almond-shaped structure located deep within the brain's temporal lobe. It plays a crucial role in the processing and regulation of emotions, especially fear and anxiety. The amygdala is involved in the formation and storage of emotional memories and the evaluation of the emotional significance of sensory stimuli.
The amygdala receives input from various sensory systems, including visual, auditory, and olfactory pathways, allowing it to quickly assess potential threats or dangers in the environment. It processes this information and generates emotional responses that help initiate appropriate behavioral and physiological reactions.
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which of the following expressions below is equal to -10?
A.12-2
B.-5+5
C.-5(-2)
D.24-34
Answers
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The correct option would be D.
12 - 2 would give +10
-5 + 5 would give 0
-5(-2) would give +10
24 - 34 would give -10
Hence, options A, B, and C are incorrect because they give figures that deviate away from -10. The only option whose operation results to -10 is D.
PLEASE ANSWER THIS DUE BY 3:00 PM PLEASE
THIS IS NOT MULTIPLE CHOICE AND I DID NOT MEAN TO SELECT D.
( I put a better view of the graph)
Answers
Answer:
option C suits the best
Explanation:
The answers and why they are correct or incorrect:
A:
Incorrect because it cannot be answered with the graph and does not apply.
B:
Incorrect since the loudest sound ever recorded is not on the graph.
C:
Correct because the graph shows the difference Between normal conversation vs whispering.
D:
Incorrect, because like the first one it cannot be answered with this graph and makes no sense.
I HOPE I HELPED!!! HAVE AN AMAZING DAY/NIGHT!!! PLEASE MARK ME BRAINLIEST IF I HELPED YOU!!
A eukaryotic cell carries out phagocytosis and engulfs a gram-negative bacterial cell, which ends up in the resulting food vacuole. Hypothetically, to go from the cytosol of this bacterial cell to outside of the eukaryotic cell that has taken it in, what is the least number of biological membranes that would have to be crossed
Answers
Answer: 3
Explanation:
Lysozyme and the food vacuole are both membrane bounded organelles. Then to go out of the eukaryotic cell, it has to pass through the cell membrane
What is the large multiprotein assembly called at the nuclear pore?
A) Nuclear pore assembly
B) Nuclear pore complex
C) Nuclear pore chamber
D) Nuclear pore core
Answers
Darwin's theory of natural selection is scientifically tested and accepted while Lamarck's hypothesis is largely inaccurate. Discuss the key differences between Darwin's theory of natural selection and Lamarck's hypothesis. Specifically discuss what each states about- a) where does variation come from? b) how do individuals in a population vary- are individuals all the same in their traits or variable? c) do individuals change and evolve, or do populations change and evolve? d) is evolution progressive towards perfection, is there perfection in individuals?
Answers
a) Variation: Darwin - Random mutations; Lamarck - Acquired traits.
b) Individual Variation: Darwin - Natural variation; Lamarck - Acquired traits.
c) Change and Evolution: Darwin - Populations change; Lamarck - Individuals change.
d) Evolutionary Progress: Darwin - Adaptation, not perfection; Lamarck - Progressive improvement.
a) Darwin's theory of natural selection explains that variation within a population arises from random mutations and genetic recombination. Lamarck's hypothesis, in contrast, suggests that variation comes from acquired traits influenced by the environment and an organism's needs.
b) According to Darwin, individuals within a population exhibit natural variation, meaning they differ from each other in their traits. Lamarck's hypothesis implies that individuals are not inherently variable but can acquire and pass on acquired traits during their lifetime.
c) Darwin's theory states that individuals themselves do not change or evolve within their lifetime. Instead, populations change over time through natural selection, with individuals possessing different traits. Lamarck's hypothesis suggests that individuals can change and acquire new traits during their lifetime, which can then be inherited by their offspring.
d) Darwin's theory rejects the idea of evolutionary progress towards perfection. It emphasizes that evolution is driven by adaptation to the environment, with populations evolving in response to changing conditions. In contrast, Lamarck's hypothesis implies that evolution is progressive, with organisms becoming more complex and better adapted over time.
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Scored out of 100
What two factors might prevent organisms from moving to greater depths to find cooler waters?
Select one:
O a lack of sunlight and too much carbon dioxide
O b. lack of sunlight and different ocean floor materials
O c. too much carbon dioxide and lack of
nutrients
O d different ocean floor materials and lack
of nutrients
Question 11
Not yet answered
Scored out of 100
Why do corals bleach when water temperatures
warm?
Select one:
O a. microscopic plants that live in their
tissues die
O b. there is less oxygen in warmer waters and corals cannot breathe
O c. ocean water becomes more acidic and
dissolves their outer coating
O d the species they normally feed on move to cooler waters
Question 12
Not yet answered
Scored out of 100
↑ Flag question
Which nations are expected to experience a decline in fish catches over the next 50 years or
Select one:
O a nations closer to the equator
O b nations in the Atlantic Ocean O c. nations closer to the north pole
O d nations closer to the south pole
Answers
1. The two factors that might prevent organisms from moving to greater depths to find cooler waters are option b. lack of sunlight and different ocean floor materials.
2. Corals bleach when water temperatures warm option a. Microscopic plants that live in their tissues die.
3. option a. Nations closer to the equator nations are expected to experience a decline in fish catches over the next 50 years.
1. The lack of sunlight is a significant factor because sunlight plays a crucial role in providing energy for photosynthesis, which forms the foundation of the marine food chain. As organisms move to greater depths in the ocean, sunlight becomes scarce, limiting the availability of energy and nutrients necessary for the survival of many organisms. Without sufficient sunlight, organisms may struggle to maintain their metabolic processes and find suitable food sources.
2. Corals have a symbiotic relationship with microscopic algae called zooxanthellae. These algae live within the coral tissues and provide them with essential nutrients through photosynthesis. When water temperatures become too warm, corals experience stress, and as a result, they expel the zooxanthellae from their tissues. This expulsion of algae causes the corals to appear pale or "bleached."
3. Nations closer to the equator are expected to experience a decline in fish catches over the next 50 years. This is primarily due to the impact of climate change on ocean ecosystems. Climate change is causing rising sea temperatures, ocean acidification, and changes in ocean currents and nutrient availability, which can significantly affect marine species and their habitats.
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Select the correct answer.
According to Watson and Crick's model of DNA structure, how many strands are present in a fragment of DNA?
O A. one
OB. two
O C.
three
OD. four
Reset
Next
4
Answers
Two to Watson and Crick's model of DNA structure, how many strands are present in a fragment of DNA.
A DNA fragment contains how many strands?B. Two. Watson and Crick's model of DNA structure, which was published in 1953, proposed that DNA has a double helix structure made up of two strands of nucleotides.Each strand is composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone that runs along the outside of the helix, with the nucleotides bonded to the backbone.The two strands of the helix are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine) that are found in the middle of the helix.The two strands are coiled in a spiral around a common axis, providing stability and allowing for replication of the DNA.In the Watson and Crick model, the double helix structure is made up of two strands of nucleotides, so the correct answer is B. Two.Watson and Crick's model of DNA structure is one of the most crucial discoveries in the history of science. It proposes that DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides wound around each other in a double helix structure. This structure is held together by hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs (A-T and C-G). Each strand of the double helix is made up of a sugar-phosphate backbone, with the nitrogenous bases attached to the sugar molecules.The two strands are antiparallel, meaning that the 5' end of one strand is paired with the 3' end of the other, and vice versa. The size of a DNA fragment will determine the amount of nucleotides present, but the number of strands will always remain two.To learn more about Watson and Crick's model of DNA structure refer to:
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Two to Watson and Crick's model of DNA structure, how many strands are present in a fragment of DNA.
DNA fragment contains how many strands? Two. Watson and Crick's model of DNA structure, which was published in 1953, proposed that DNA has a double helix structure made up of two strands of nucleotides.Each strand is composed of a sugar-phosphate backbone that runs along the outside of the helix, with the nucleotides bonded to the backbone.The two strands of the helix are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine) that are found in the middle of the helix.The two strands are coiled in a spiral around a common axis, providing stability and allowing for replication of the DNA.In the Watson and Crick model, the double helix structure is made up of two strands of nucleotides, so the correct answer is B. Two.Watson and Crick's model of DNA structure is one of the most crucial discoveries in the history of science. It proposes that DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides wound around each other in a double helix structure. This structure is held together by hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs (A-T and C-G). Each strand of the double helix is made up of a sugar-phosphate backbone, with the nitrogenous bases attached to the sugar molecules.To learn more about Watson and Crick's model of DNA structure refer to:
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Two things that decrease a population
A.
B.
Please help answer this for me it’s my worth a lot percent of my grade ASAP
Answers
Answer: environmental hazards and spread of a disease
Explanation:
B. Economic Troubles
As a soccer player dodges players of the opposite team on the field, her joints must be stabilized in many different directions. Which tissues help to stabilize joints in motion? Check all of the boxes that apply.
muscles
blood vessels
ligaments
nerves
Answers
Answer: Ligaments and muscles
Explanation:
I said what I said
Answer: muscles and ligaments
Explanation:
a new highly nutritious crop is going to be planted in an area where it has never been planted before
Answers
To successfully plant a new highly nutritious crop in an area where it has never been planted before, there must be reasearch on the crop, soil preparation, climate consideration, Seed selection, Pest control and proper monitoring etc.
Research the crop
Start by gathering information about the specific crop you plan to plant. Understand its nutritional requirements, growth habits, and ideal growing conditions. This will help you determine if the area is suitable for the crop.
Soil preparation
Assess the soil in the area where you intend to plant the crop. Conduct a soil test to determine its nutrient composition and pH levels. Amend the soil as needed to create optimal conditions for the crop. This may involve adding organic matter, adjusting pH levels, or addressing any nutrient deficiencies.
Climate considerations
Consider the climate of the area where you plan to plant the crop. Evaluate if it meets the crop's temperature and precipitation requirements. Ensure that the growing season is long enough to support the crop's growth and development.
Crop selection
Choose a crop variety that is known for its high nutritional value and adaptability to different growing conditions. Consult with local agricultural experts or extension offices to identify the best varieties suited to your specific area.
Seed selection and planting
Acquire high-quality seeds from reputable sources. Follow the recommended planting instructions for the specific crop, including seed depth, spacing, and timing. Ensure that the seeds are properly sown and adequately watered to promote germination and early growth.
Pest and disease management
Implement pest and disease management strategies to protect the crop from potential threats. Monitor the crop regularly for signs of pests or diseases and take appropriate action, such as using organic pest control methods or applying approved pesticides when necessary.
Irrigation and nutrient management
Provide adequate irrigation to the crop, taking into account its water requirements. Monitor soil moisture levels and adjust watering accordingly. Additionally, apply fertilizers or organic amendments as needed to provide the crop with essential nutrients throughout its growth cycle.
Monitoring and maintenance
Regularly monitor the crop's progress and make adjustments as necessary. Remove weeds that compete with the crop for resources and provide support or trellising if required. Pay attention to signs of stress or nutrient deficiencies and address them promptly.
Harvesting and post-harvest handling
Once the crop reaches maturity, follow the recommended guidelines for harvesting. Handle the harvested produce carefully to minimize damage and preserve its nutritional value.
Remember, it is crucial to consult local agricultural experts or extension offices for specific recommendations tailored to your region and the crop you intend to plant.
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Complete question is given as:
What steps should be taken when a new highly nutritious crop is going to be planted in an area where it has never been planted before?
As the puck falls, the amount of potential energy it has decreases. Why?
a. It is lost to the air friction
b. It is released as sound energy
c. It is changed into kinetic energy
d. It is stored in the puck
Answers
Answer:
c
Explanation:
Which of the following statements by an older adult indicates the need for further teaching related to cholesterol reduction?A) "I will decrease my intake of food high in polyunsaturated fatty acids."B) "I will increase my intake of soybeans, walnuts, and canola oil."C) "I will eat fish four times a week."D) "I will limit my intake of trans fatty acids and saturated fat."
Answers
The statement by an older adult that indicates the need for further teaching related to cholesterol reduction is :- I will decrease my intake of food high in polyunsaturated fatty acids.
The correct option is :- (B)
This statement requires further teaching because polyunsaturated fatty acids can actually help lower bad cholesterol (LDL) levels and are beneficial for heart health.
In contrast, options B, C, and D reflect appropriate steps for cholesterol reduction: increasing intake of soybeans, walnuts, and canola oil (all sources of healthy fats); eating fish (rich in omega-3 fatty acids) four times a week; and limiting intake of trans fatty acids and saturated fat.
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Some disease-causing microbes attack the body by turning on or off specific signal transduction pathways. In the disease cholera, the bacterium Vibrio cholerae causes massive diarrhea by interfering with such a pathway. A toxin from this bacterium enters intestinal cells and chemically modifies G proteins. Once modified, the G proteins can no longer cleave GTP into GDP. What would you expect to see within the intestinal cells of a person with cholera?
The G protein subunits do not separate from each other.
The G proteins remain activated and continually activate adenylyl cyclase.
The G proteins cannot become activated and cannot activate adenylyl cyclase.
The receptor in the membrane is continually activated.
Answers
Answer:
dude
Explanation:
Trees can help remove carbon dioxide (a
greenhouse gas) from the atmosphere by:
Answers
Answer: I think it might be D.
Breathing in Carbon Dioxide and releasing Oxygen
Explanation:
In one plant species petal color follows INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE. If there
are alleles for both red and white plants, what would a heterozygous plant's
phenotype be?
Red
Pink
White
Red and White
Answers
Answer:
Pink
Explanation:
Incomplete dominance is when one allele is not entirely dominant over the other. The resulting phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate between the two alleles. That means the flowers would be pink.
Red - no, this would be true if red was dominant to white
Pink - yes, this is an intermediate phenotype
White - no, this would be true if white was dominant over red.
Red and White - no, this would be true if the alleles were co-dominant and both equally but independently expressed.
using the method from this lab, what would be the genetic distance between dog 1 and dog 2 based on the following dna sequences taken from the same place in each dog's dna?
Answers
The fourth and fifth base positions in dog 1 are occupied by guanine and cytosine, but they are both occupied by adenine in dog 2. This indicates that there have been two mutations between dogs 1 and 2, resulting in a genetic distance of 2 (for this specific allele).
The process of mutation is when different biological processes change an organism's genetic code. This can have a variety of implications on the phenotypic of the organism, but it is also a useful tool for evolutionary biologists who can use the rate of mutation to pinpoint the moment at which two species diverged.
No two offspring receive the exact same set of chromosomes from their parents due to segregation and recombination. This explains how siblings of a puppy can appear so dissimilar to one another. A genetic variant for black fur may be inherited by one puppy from the same litter, whereas a mutation for yellow fur may be inherited by another dog.
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The complete question is:
What would be the genetic distance between Dog 1 and Dog 2 based on the following DNA sequences taken from the same place in each dog's DNA?
Dog 1: GGGGCCCC
Dog 2: GGGAACCC
More efficient plumbing reduces water pollution by _______.
a.
using more water
b.
using less water
c.
using cleaner water
d.
using dirty water
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
lets r-p
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
You have two good reasons for good plumbing
Clean waterUsing Less water.Plumbing also includes things like waste disposal. Modern toilets for example use less water.
Health and well being are important. Good plumbing increases your chances of the water being clean and germ free.
I don't know which answer to pick. I think well being is more important than using slightly less water.
Answer: C
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Which is a traditional flood control method used to keep a stream’s flow in its channel?
Answers
Answer artificial levees
Explanation:
The small intestine receives food from the _____.
rectum
large intestine
stomach
liver
Answers
ignore this (hehheushsh)
The ______ division of the autonomic nervous system is also called the craniosacral division because of the location of its preganglionic neurons.
Answers
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is also called the craniosacral division because of the location of its preganglionic neurons.
The parasympathetic nervous system gets its name because its neuron centers are located on either side of the thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord (para- = "next to" or "near"). The parasympathetic nervous system is also called the craniosacral (or outflow tract) system because the preganglionic neurons are located in the nuclei of the brainstem and the lateral horns of the sacral spinal cord.
The connections or "circuits" of the parasympathetic segments are similar to the general structure of the sympathetic segments, with some specific differences. Preganglionic fibers from the cranial areas pass to the cranial nerves and preganglionic fibers from the sacral areas to the spinal nerves. The targets of these fibers are the terminal ganglia, near or even within the target effectors.
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whales and dolphins navigating underwater with sound waves is called what?
Answers
What does dehydration mean in real life
Answers
Which of the following does not happen to water as it goes through the water cycle?
( ASAP )
A. Liquid water gains energy from the sun and evaporates.
B. liquid water falls to earth as precipitation
C. Water vapor cools and condenses to form clouds.
D.Water vapor warms and becomes precipitation
Answers
The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, is the continuous process by which water is circulated throughout the Earth and its atmosphere. The cycle consists of several processes, including evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and transpiration.
The option that does not happen to water as it goes through the water cycle is option D. Water vapor does not warm and become precipitation during the water cycle. Instead, as water vapor cools, it condenses into liquid water droplets or ice crystals and falls to the Earth's surface as precipitation. Precipitation can take the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail, and is an important part of the water cycle, as it replenishes the Earth's water resources. After precipitation, the water may flow into rivers, lakes, or oceans, where it can evaporate and begin the cycle anew.
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Organs like ______ have the ______ of motor neurons embedded in them.
A. skin, dendrites
B. muscles, dendrites
C. brain, dendrites
D. spinal cord, axon terminals
E. muscles, axon terminals
Answers
Organs like muscles have the axon terminals of motor neurons embedded in them.
Muscles are the tissues that are required to provide support to various organs and also are very essential for locomotion. In humans and various other animals, muscles also have a huge role during child birth by their ability of contraction.
Axon terminals are present at the end of the axons as a swollen bulb like structure. These are essential for the synapse of signal to another neuron, to store neurotransmitters or to transmit the signal that neurons carry to the target organ. They are also known by the name synaptic boutons.
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Which occurs when oxyhemoglobin reaches the capillaries of heart muscle? A) Absorbs oxygen from the mitochondria.
B) Releases oxygen which leaves the capillary and diffuses into the cell.
C) Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the capillary to the nucleus.
D) Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the mitochondria to the capillary.
Answers
When oxyhemoglobin reaches the capillaries of heart muscle, it B) Releases oxygen which leaves the capillary and diffuses into the cell.
This allows the heart muscle cells to utilize the oxygen for energy production and proper functioning.
In the capillaries, the oxyhemoglobin, which carries oxygen molecules bound to hemoglobin, undergoes a series of events. The environment within the heart muscle cells has a lower oxygen concentration compared to the oxygen-rich blood in the capillaries.
This concentration gradient allows oxygen to be released from the oxyhemoglobin, facilitating its diffusion into the heart muscle cells.
The release of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin occurs due to the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen and the local conditions within the heart muscle. The lower oxygen tension within the heart muscle cells causes hemoglobin to undergo a conformational change, releasing the oxygen molecules.
This process is known as the Bohr effect, which describes the relationship between oxygen affinity and pH levels.
In areas where oxygen is needed, such as actively metabolizing heart muscle cells, a higher concentration of carbon dioxide and a lower pH (more acidic) environment are present, facilitating the release of oxygen from oxyhemoglobin.
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please help
Read the paragraph from the section "Sub-Disciplines Of Oceanography."
Oceanography's diverse topics of study are generally categorized in four major sub-disciplines. A sub-discipline is a specialized field of study within a broader subject or field of study. Oceanographers specialize in the biological, physical, geological and chemical processes of the marine environment.
Why did the author use the word "diverse"?
A
to emphasize the specialized knowledge that all oceanographers must learn while in school
B
to emphasize the various interests and careers that fall under the category of oceanography
C
to illustrate that anyone can become an oceanographer if they have an interest in protecting the ocean
D
to illustrate that it is difficult to choose which discipline of oceanography to study
Answers
The author use the word "diverse to emphasize the various interests and careers that fall under the category of oceanography.
So, option B is correct.
What is oceanography?Oceanography is described as the scientific study of the oceans. Oceanography is an important Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and the geology of the sea floor; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries.
So, from the paragraph we can conclude that the author used to word diverse to emphasize the various interests and careers that fall under the category of oceanography.
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