Mitosis and Meiosis Lab Report
Instructions: In the Mitosis and Meiosis lab, you investigated sexual and asexual reproduction as well as the processes of cellular division by mitosis and meiosis. Record your observations in the lab report below. You will submit your completed report.
________________________________________
Name and Title:
Include your name, instructor's name, date, and name of lab.

Objective(s):
In your own words, what was the purpose of this lab?

Hypothesis:
Record your predictions during the zoo tour section of the lab in the data chart.

Procedure:
In your own words, summarize the steps you took to complete the lab.

Data:
Record your data from the zoo tour in the data chart below. Be sure to fill in the chart completely.

Zoo Organism Reproduction Prediction
(sexual, asexual, or both) Reproduction Result
(sexual, asexual, or both)
Elephant
Whiptail lizard
Parrot
Redwood tree
Amoeba
Jellyfish

Conclusion:
Your conclusion will include a summary of your lab results and an interpretation of the results. Please write in complete sentences.
1. List one way mitosis and meiosis are the same and one way they are different.
2. What is one advantage and one disadvantage of sexual reproduction?
3. What is one advantage and one disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
4. Some living organisms are capable of both asexual and sexual reproduction. Explain how this can be an advantage.

The villi are associated with the small intestine and function in absorption.

What are Villi?Villi are tiny finger-like projections that protrude from the inner lining of the small intestine. Their primary function is to increase the surface area of the small intestine and increase the absorption of nutrients.

What are the functions of the small intestine?The small intestine is the primary site for digestion and absorption. The majority of nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine. The small intestine is divided into three parts: the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. Food from the stomach is mixed with digestive enzymes and bile in the duodenum.

Most of the nutrients and water are absorbed in the jejunum and the ileum. The small intestine also absorbs vitamins, minerals, and water.The villi are critical for the small intestine's absorptive capacity because they greatly increase the surface area available for absorption. The villi are covered with microvilli, which are even smaller projections that increase the surface area even more.

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The longest chain is pentane

The functional group is alkene

The name of the compound would be based on the kinds of substituents present.

In organic chemistry, there are two main types of branching in organic compounds: chain branching and positional branching.

Chain branching: Chain branching occurs when a side chain (alkyl group) is attached to the main carbon chain of a molecule. This results in a change in the chemical and physical properties of the molecule, such as boiling point, melting point, and solubility. Examples of chain-branched compounds include isobutane (2-methylpropane), isopentane (2-methylbutane), and neopentane (2,2-dimethylpropane).

Positional branching: Positional branching occurs when a substituent is attached to a specific position on the main carbon chain of a molecule. This type of branching can occur in cyclic or acyclic molecules, and can have a significant impact on the properties and reactivity of the molecule. Examples of positional-branched compounds include tert-butyl alcohol (2-methyl-2-propanol), 1-chloro-3-methylbutane, and 2,4-dimethylhexane.

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Answer:

V = 10 m³

m = 70 grams

density = ....?

density = m/v

= 70/10

= 7 g/cm³ (B)

Answer:

(A) Blood

Explanation:

transition metals mostly need 18 electrons in the need for stability.

In the periodic table, transition metals are a group of metallic elements that occupy the central block of the d-block. The partially filled d-orbitals of these elements give rise to their distinct chemical and physical properties. To achieve a stable configuration with a partially or completely filled d-orbital, transition metals tend to lose electrons. The number of electrons lost to achieve this configuration is determined by the number of electrons present in the element's d-orbitals. Transition metals also exhibit a range of oxidation states, which are the number of electrons that an atom has lost or gained in a chemical reaction. Many transition metals can exist in multiple oxidation states, which allows them to participate in a variety of chemical reactions and to form a wide range of coordination complexes.

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The pH of the compound or substance with the same number of hydroxide and hydrogen ions is 7. The pH 7 is significantly the neutral pH which is the pH of the pure water.

When the number of hydrogen ions (H+)equals the number of hydroxide ions (OH-), a solution is said to be neutral. Acids increase the number of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution (there are more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions) and the resulting solution is said to be acidic.

In pure water, at 25C, the [H3O+] and [OH-] ion concentrations are 1.0 x 10-7 M.The overall concentration of hydrogen ions is inversely related to its pH and can be measured on the pH scale. Therefore, the more hydrogen ions present, the lower the pH; conversely, the fewer hydrogen ions, the higher the pH.

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Answer:

Electronic configuration of Cl = 2,8,7

Valency of Cl = -1

Explanation:

Given,

The atomic number of X = 17

  Element with atomic number 17 = Chlorine(Cl)

The mass number of element = 35

Electronic configuration of Cl = 2,8,7

Valency of Cl = -1

Answer:

The pattern of change in the electron configuration increases from left to right across the period.

Explanation:

In the periodic table, elements having the same number of electrons in the outermost shell of their atoms are placed over one another in vertical columns. Each of the vertical columns is known as a group or family. while each of the resulting horizontal rows is known as a period or row.

There are 18 vertical columns and seven periods in the periodic table. Each period begins with an atom having a valence electron and ends with an atom having a complete outer shell structure of an inert gas.

The fourth period of the periodic table (d-block) consists of the transition elements.

The electron distribution into the energy levels of sublevels of atoms  can be shown in any of the tree important electronic configuration.

Electronic configuration shows the sequence of filling electrons into the orbitals of the sublevels as guided by some principles.

The maximum number of electrons in the orbitals of sublevels are two for s-sublevel(one orbital) ; six for p-sublevel( three orbital); ten for d-sublevel ( five orbitals) and fourteen for f-sublevel( seven orbitals). This indicates that the maximum number of electrons in an orbital is two

In the Periodic table ,The sublevels with lower energies are filled  up before those with higher energies. One important thing about this principle is that the sublevels do not fill up in numerical order. The pattern of filling is as follows:

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f etc.

Answer:

In the electron configuration of potassium, I observe that after the 3p orbital is filled, the next electron enters the 4s orbital instead of the 3d orbital because 3d is at a higher energy than 4s. This pattern shows that orbitals fill up according to the Aufbau principle. As I move on right, the number of electrons increases by one for each element until vanadium is reached. The electron configuration of chromium shows all Half-filled orbitals in the 4s and 3d energy levels. Again, as I move right, an exception occurs at copper. Copper’s electron configuration shows completely filled 4s and 3d orbitals. This is an exception to the Aufbau principle to attain more stable electron configurations, whenever possible. Half-filled electron configurations are more stable than other configurations and completely filled electron configurations are the most stable.

All of the energy stored or applied on a body cannot be converted tono work done only the available form of energy is converted to work. The remaining part is called unavailable energy which is stored on the body or taken as increase in entropy.

According to thermodynamic concepts, the not all the energy can be converted into useful work .Or in other words only available energy can be converted to work. This available form of energy is called Gibbs energy.

For instance if we take a heat engine, the heat from the hot body is not completely transferred into colder body. According  to third law of thermodynamics, this unavailable work is being considered as gone for increase in entropy.

Therefore, only available energy of the electric drill can be changed to work done and that is 222 J out of 1000 J, remaining goes for an increase in entropy of the system.

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The atomic mass of gallium is approximately 69.756 atomic mass units (u) based on the given isotopic loads and abundances.

To calculate the atomic mass of gallium, we are able to use the given records on the isotopes Ga69 and Ga71, their respective herbal abundances, and atomic hundreds.

The atomic mass of an element is the weighted common of loads of its isotopes, taking into consideration their relative abundances.

In this example, Ga69 has a natural abundance of 60.11% and an atomic mass of 68.926 atomic mass devices (u), even as Ga71 has a natural abundance of 39.89% and an atomic mass of 70.925 u.

To calculate the atomic mass of gallium, we multiply the mass of every isotope via its abundance and then sum up the outcomes.

The numerical setup to calculate the atomic mass of gallium is as follows:

Atomic mass of gallium = (Mass of Ga69 * Abundance of Ga69) + (Mass of Ga71 * Abundance of Ga71)

Substituting the given values:

Atomic mass of gallium = (68.926 u * 0.6011) + (70.925 u * 0.3989)

Calculating the values:

Atomic mass of gallium = 41.4094286 + 28.3463575

The atomic mass of gallium ≈ 69.7557861 u

Therefore, the atomic mass of gallium is approximately 69.756 atomic mass units (u) based on the given isotopic loads and abundances.

This calculation demonstrates the significance of considering both the mass and abundance of each isotope while determining the general atomic mass of an element. The extra the abundance of an isotope, the extra it contributes to the atomic mass calculation. The weighted average lets us correctly constitute the mixed mass of the different isotopes found in nature.

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The correct question is:

"Some information about the two naturally occurring isotopes of gallium is given in the table below. Which numerical setup can be used to calculate the atomic mass of gallium"

Answer:

1) H - hydrogen - 1.100797

2) HE - helium - 4.00260

3) LI - lithum -6.941

Explanation:

On the periodic table the mass of carbon is reported as 12.01 amu. This is the average atomic mass of carbon. No single carbon atom has a mass of 12.01 amu, but in a handful of C atoms the average mass of the carbon atoms is 12.01 amu.

The mass of ammonia that can be produced from the reaction of 74.2 g of N₂ and 14.0 moles of H₂ is 90.1 g.

The mole ratio of the reaction for the production of ammonia is obtained from the balanced equation of the reaction as follows:

Equation of the reaction: N₂ (g) + 3 H₂ (g) → 2 NH₃ (g)

The mole ratio of the reactants nitrogen and hydrogen is 1 : 3

Moles of nitrogen in 74.2 g of nitrogen = 74.2/28

Moles of nitrogen in 74.2 g of nitrogen = 2.65 moles

Moles of hydrogen present = 14.0 moles

The limiting reactant is nitrogen

Mole ratio of nitrogen to ammonia is 1 : 2

Mass of ammonia produced = 2.65 * 2 * 17 g

Mass of ammonia produced =  90.1 g

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Hi there!

Assuming the ruler has a uniform mass-density throughout, the center of mass of the ruler is at the half-way point, or 50 cm.

We can use a summation of torques about the fulcrum:

\(\large\boxed{\Sigma \tau = rF}\)

r = distance from fulcrum to force (m)

F = force (N)

On one side of the fulcrum, there is a counterclockwise torque created by the hanging mass and the mass of the ruler.

For the system to be balanced, the torques sum to zero. Thus:

\(\large\boxed{\tau_{cc} = \tau_{ccw}}\)

For proper physics, we can convert cm to m and g to kg.

Torque exerted by the hanging mass:

τ = Mg(.35 - .10) = Mg(.25)

Torque exerted by the ruler:

τ = (.1)(g)(.50 - .35) = 0.015g

Set the two equal:

0.015g = Mg(.2)

Cancel out 'g':

0.015 = .25M

M = 0.06 kg ⇒ 60 grams

Answer:

Hydrolic Acid

Explanation:

The compound A is propanone which gives 2 -hydroxy- 2 methyl propane nitrile. This upon hydrolysis in acidic medium gives 2 hydroxy butanoic acid. Propanone when treated with trichloromethane gives the compound chloretone.

Propanone is an organic compound in the classification of ketones. Ketones are compounds with the general formula of R- CO- R. The skeleton of propanone is CH₃ - CO - CH₃.

The reaction of ketones with Zn - amalgam in HCl gives corresponding alkanes . Hence, compound A is propanone. Propanone on reaction with HCN gives  2 -hydroxy- 2 methyl propanenitrile this is B.

B on hydrolysis converts the CN groups to the acidic group COOH. Hence,  2 -hydroxy- 2 methyl propanenitrile converts to  2 -hydroxy-  butanoic acid, that is C. Propanone on reaction with trichloromethane CHCl₃ gives chloretone.

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Answer:

CH3CH3, 1,3- dichloro-2,2- dibromo, 2-butyne, cyclopentane, 2,3- dimethylbut-2-ene, 2,2,4,4- tetramethlpenta-3-one.

Explanation:

This problem or question has to do with spectroscopy. Spectroscopy is one of the Important aspect of physical Chemistry. It is important because it helps in the identification of chemical samples or compounds. The Nuclear Magnetic field work generally on the principle of absorption of energy.

The following compounds as given in the question above shows singlet in the 1H NMR spectrum.

(1). CH3CH3: shows singlet in the 1H NMR spectrum at 0.86 ppm.

(2). 1,3- dichloro-2,2- dibromo; shows singlet.

(3). 2- butyne shows singlet

(4). Cyclopentane shows singlet.

(5). 2,3 - dimethylbut-2-ene shows singlet.

(6). 2,2,4,4- tetramethlpenta-3-one shows singlet.

Kindly note that I have used the IUPAC naming system to name the Compounds in the question above.

Answer: B

Drift-net fishing has many effects, and when the net is put in the water, coral reefs and other oceanic/aquatic plants can be destroyed.

The answer to the question is option B.

Approximately 12.45 grams of solid silver chromate will precipitate when 150 mL of 0.500 M silver nitrate solution is added to excess potassium chromate.

To determine the number of moles of AgNO3 present in 150 mL of a 0.500 M AgNO3 solution, we can use the formula:

moles = concentration × volume

Given:

Concentration of AgNO3 solution = 0.500 M

Volume of AgNO3 solution = 150 mL

First, we need to convert the volume from milliliters (mL) to liters (L) since the concentration is given in moles per liter (M).

1 L = 1000 mL

Therefore, the volume of the AgNO3 solution in liters is:

150 mL × (1 L / 1000 mL) = 0.150 L

Now we can calculate the moles of AgNO3 using the formula:

moles = concentration × volume

moles = 0.500 M × 0.150 L

moles = 0.075 mol

So, there are 0.075 moles of AgNO3 present in 150 mL of the 0.500 M AgNO3 solution.

Now, let's proceed to determine how many grams of solid silver chromate (Ag2CrO4) will precipitate when the AgNO3 solution reacts with excess potassium chromate (K2CrO4).

From the balanced chemical equation:

2AgNO3(aq) + K2CrO4(aq) → Ag2CrO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq)

We can see that the molar ratio between AgNO3 and Ag2CrO4 is 2:1. Therefore, for every 2 moles of AgNO3, we will form 1 mole of Ag2CrO4.

Since we have 0.075 moles of AgNO3, we can calculate the moles of Ag2CrO4 formed:

moles of Ag2CrO4 = 0.075 mol / 2 = 0.0375 mol

To determine the mass of Ag2CrO4, we need to multiply the moles by its molar mass. The molar mass of Ag2CrO4 is calculated by summing the atomic masses of each element in the compound:

Ag2CrO4 = 2(Ag) + 1(Cr) + 4(O) = 2(107.87 g/mol) + 1(52.00 g/mol) + 4(16.00 g/mol) = 331.87 g/mol

mass of Ag2CrO4 = moles of Ag2CrO4 × molar mass of Ag2CrO4

mass of Ag2CrO4 = 0.0375 mol × 331.87 g/mol = 12.45 g

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The temperature (in °C) that the ideal gas shifted to is -270.38 °C.

Given data:Initial Temperature, T1 = -15.50 °C = 257.65 K

Initial Pressure, P1 = 4.620 atm

Final Pressure, P2 = 8.710 atm

Initial Volume, V1 = 35.00 L

Final Volume, V2 = 15.00 L

We need to calculate the final temperature, T2.

As the gas is assumed to be an ideal gas, we can use the combined gas equation to solve the problem, that is,

P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2

Let's substitute the values,P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2

(i)At initial conditions, P1V1 / T1 = 4.620 × 35.00 / 257.65 = 0.6294

At final conditions, P2V2 / T2 = 8.710 × 15.00 / T2 = 1.742

Now, let's substitute this value in equation (i)0.6294 = 1.742 / T2T2 = 1.742 / 0.6294= 2.77 K or -270.38 °C

Answer:The temperature (in °C) that the ideal gas shifted to is -270.38 °C.

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Answer:

answer is b

Explanation:

please follow me

Answer:

answer is b

Explanation:

I think it is b. I don't know what land lenses are but focusing light on the can would heat it up more.

If this atom has one additional neutron but the other subatomic particles remained the same as shown, this slightly different atom would be called an isotope.

An isotope is a variant of an atom that has a different number of neutrons. Because isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons in the nucleus, they all have the same atomic number. However, they can differ in mass number, and therefore in atomic mass. In a neutral atom, the number of protons in the nucleus equals the number of electrons that orbit the nucleus, giving the atom a net electrical charge of zero.

However, the number of neutrons in the nucleus can differ, implying that isotopes of the same element may have different atomic masses.

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Water cycle is the process of transfer of water from one state to another in nature. It is the cycle of evaporation, condensation and precipitation.

Water cycle greatly influences the environment as well as climate. It is the determining factor on whether a region experiences rains or floods. It is extremely important for meeting the needs of society and ecosystems. Water is very important and is required in every aspect of our living, as well as living of other organisms.

Water cycle is also part of an environment cycle called the land breeze and the sea breeze. These are important facts in cloud formation, but also cyclone formation.

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A substance composed of atoms of more than one element that are held together by chemical bonds is called a compound. Therefore the correct option is option A.

A compound is a pure material that is created by chemically combining two or more distinct components in a specific order. Chemical bonds, which can be ionic or covalent, hold the atoms of a substance together.

The characteristics of compounds are distinct from the characteristics of the constituent parts.

For instance, sodium is a soft metal and chlorine is a greenish-yellow gas; nevertheless, when these two elements combine to produce sodium chloride (table salt), they create a white crystalline solid that is far more stable than the constituent parts of each element alone. Therefore the correct option is option A.

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chemical potential energy, thermal energy, electrical energy, sound energy

Explanation:

the coal is chemical potential energy because it is just sitting there, the coal fueled power plant is thermal energy because it is using the heat from the coal to work the power plant, that is then turned into electrical energy, which then goes to the radio which displays sound energy

Answer:

P₂ = 46.3 KPa

Explanation:

Given data:

Initial pressure = 54.5 KPa

Initial temperature = 19.0 °C (19+273 = 292 K)

New pressure = ?

Final temperature = -25°C (-25+273 =248 K)

Solution:

According to Gay-Lussac Law,

The pressure of given amount of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant volume and number of moles.

Mathematical relationship:

P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂

Now we will put the values in formula:

13.0 atm / 293 K = P₂/375 K

P₂ = 54.5 kpa × 248 K / 292 K

P₂ = 13516 KPa. K /292 K

P₂ = 46.3 KPa

Volume in of 0.853 M Ca(OH)2 needed to neutralize 52.1 ml of 0.821 M H3PO4 in a titration is calculated as V = 0.751 mL.

Titration is a laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis for the determination of the concentration of an identified analyte.

2H3PO4 + 3Ca (OH)2 --> Ca3(PO4)2 +6H2O

Number of moles = V * M

Molarity of H3PO4 = 0.821 M

Volume of  H3PO4= 52.1 * 10^-3 L

Number of moles of  H3PO4 = 0.821 *52.1 * 10^-3

Number of moles of Ca (OH)2 required to react with 2 moles of H3PO4 is 3

Number of moles of Ca (OH)2 required to react with 42.77 * 10^-3 moles of H3PO4

= 3/2 * 42.77 * 10^-3

= 6.41  * 10^-4

Given that molarity of Ca(OH)2 is 0.853 M

V=  6.41  * 10^-4/0.853

= 75.146 * 10^-3 L

V = 0.751 mL

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Oxygen (O), Sulphur (S) and Selenium (Se) have similar chemical properties because they all have the same number of electrons in their outermost shells.

Atoms with the same number of electrons in their outermost shells can be found in the same group.

A group consists of elements arranged in the same column (from top to bottom) on the periodic table. Elements on the same group have similar chemical properties.

Oxygen (O), Sulphur (S) and Selenium (Se) are in group eight. All three elements are highly electronegative and have 6 electrons in their outermost shell. They also carry ab charge of -2.

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The catalytic converter of a secondary air injection system converts the hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). It is a fundamental part of a vehicle.

A catalytic converter refers to the device observed in a car and/or vehicle, which is used to remove different contaminant gases.

In general, the catalytic converter is placed close to the car engine and reduces the release of hydrocarbons.

In general, the air injection system is connected to the catalytic converter in order to provide useful oxygen required for oxidation reactions.

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Answer: The Calvin cycle and the Calvin-benson cycle

Explanation: