innate immunity homework what kind of organism will be the most susceptible to being killed by lysozyme?
Answers
Organisms with a peptidoglycan cell wall, such as bacteria, will be the most susceptible to being killed by lysozyme. Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks down peptidoglycan, which is a major component of the cell wall in bacteria.
However, other organisms that do not have peptidoglycan in their cell wall, such as fungi, algae, and viruses, may not be as susceptible to lysozyme.
Step-by-step explanation:
1. Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense against pathogens, providing immediate protection without requiring previous exposure to the pathogen.
2. Lysozyme is an enzyme found in various bodily fluids, such as tears, saliva, and mucus, and plays a crucial role in innate immunity.
3. Lysozyme functions by breaking down the peptidoglycan layer present in the cell walls of bacteria, causing the bacterial cells to rupture and die.
4. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls, making them more susceptible to the action of lysozyme.
5. In contrast, gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer, which is further protected by an outer membrane, making them less susceptible to lysozyme.
In conclusion, gram-positive bacteria are the organisms most susceptible to being killed by lysozyme in the context of innate immunity.
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Related Questions
Many of Earth's resources, including forests and mineral ores, can be depleted or damaged because of the growing human population.
(a) Identify one provisioning service of forest ecosystems. One concern resulting from an increasing human population is the sustainable use of the world's forests. Clear-cutting of old-growth forest is often discouraged by ecologists because it leads to habitat loss and decreases biodiversity.
(b) Describe one possible negative environmental impact, other than loss of habitator decreasing biodiversity, of clear-cutting large areas of old-growth forest. (c) A state is considering opening an area of old-growth forest on state land to logging. Officials debate the best way to log the forest
Answers
One provisioning service for forest ecosystems is timber. Forests provide a significant amount of timber, which is used for a variety of purposes such as construction, furniture-making, and paper production.
(b) One possible negative environmental impact of clear-cutting large areas of old-growth forests is soil erosion. When trees are removed from an area, the soil becomes more susceptible to erosion from wind and water. The tree roots, which help hold the soil in place, are no longer present, and the soil can easily be washed away. This can lead to a loss of soil fertility, decreased water quality, and increased sedimentation in nearby water bodies.
(c) When considering how to log an old-growth forest, officials should prioritize sustainable practices that minimize environmental impacts. One approach could be selective logging, which involves removing only a portion of the trees while leaving the rest intact. This can help preserve habitat and maintain biodiversity while still providing some economic benefits. Additionally, officials should consider implementing reforestation efforts to replace any trees that are removed and enforcing strict regulations to prevent over-logging or illegal logging.
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the enzyme reverse transcriptase can make a dna copy of an rna strand. therefore, this enzyme is a(n)?
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RNA viruses called retroviruses have the reverse transcriptase enzyme inside of them.
RNA can be transformed into DNA by reverse transcriptase, which can then be incorporated into the chromosome of the host cell. An enzyme found in the genetic material of retroviruses called reverse transcriptase, also known as RNA-directed DNA polymerase, is responsible for facilitating the transcription of retrovirus RNA (ribonucleic acid) into DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The hybrid's RNA strand is then degraded by reverse transcriptase, also known as RNase H. Then, double-stranded DNA is created using the single-stranded DNA as a template (cDNA). Many different creatures, including viruses, bacteria, mammals, and plants, have been shown to have reverse transcriptases. As a result, complementary DNA is created when an RNA template is used to create DNA through reverse transcription.
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please i need your help i cant fail this class
Answers
Answer:
the answer is D
Explanation:
in the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun . in A, C and D the northern hemisphere tilts away from the sun. hope this helps
Auxin in the cytoplasm is in the [Select ] Ô form. It exits through the membrane through [ Select] It leaves the cell pushed by the force(s): [Select] Auxin takes different forms in cytoplasm and interstitial fluid because of differences in [ Select] Ô. This difference is generated primarily by the [ Select] [Select] - K+ channels - concentration gradient - proton pumps - A- (COO-) - channels - pH - charge and concentration - charge - osmotic potential - A (COOH) - A+ (COO+) - cotransporters
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Auxin in the cytoplasm is in the A⁻ (COO⁻) form. It exits through the membrane through channels It leaves the cell pushed by the force(s): concentration gradient. Auxin takes different forms in the cytoplasm and interstitial fluid because of differences in pH. This difference is generated primarily by the charge and concentration options.
Plant hormone: AuxinAuxin is a plant hormone that plays a crucial role in plant growth and development. It is produced in the apical meristems and transported to other parts of the plant through the phloem. Auxin exists in different forms depending on the environment it is in. In the cytoplasm, it is in the A- (COO-) form due to the slightly acidic pH of the cytoplasm.
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The ______ regulates the amount of glucose circulating in the blood by either synthesizing glycogen or breaking down glycogen.
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Answer:
Glucagon
Explanation:
It is a peptide hormone secreted by the pancreas, raises blood glucose levels
Glucagon stimulates glycolysis, the breakdown of glycogen and the export of glucose into the circulation
within how many hours must cooked tcs food be cooled
Answers
TCS food should be cooled within six hours. According to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines, cooked TCS food should be cooled within six hours.
Cooling food down rapidly is important to prevent the growth of bacteria and other harmful pathogens that can cause foodborne illness.TCS refers to foods that require time and temperature control for safety, such as meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, and cooked rice. When these foods are cooked and then left at room temperature for too long, bacteria can grow and multiply quickly. To prevent this from happening, it's important to cool TCS foods down as quickly as possible.
The FDA recommends using one of the following methods to cool TCS foods:
Divide large quantities of food into smaller portions, then place the containers in an ice bath or under cold running water.Stir the food occasionally to help it cool more quickly. Place hot food in shallow pans, then place the pans in the refrigerator or freezer. Make sure the pans are no more than two inches deep so that the food can cool quickly. Store the food in a cool, dry place that is below 41 degrees Fahrenheit. Avoid placing hot food in the refrigerator or freezer, as this can cause the temperature to rise and compromise the safety of other foods.To know more about Food and Drug Administration please refer:
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Which of the following statements is true about the lithium and the helium atoms?
A.
There is no difference between helium and lithium.
B.
Helium has more protons, neutrons, and electrons.
C.
Lithium has more protons, neutrons, and electrons.
D.
Lithium is much smaller than helium.
Answers
According to the electronic configuration, lithium has more protons,neutrons and electrons.
What is electronic configuration?
Electronic configuration is defined as the distribution of electrons which are present in an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.It describes how each electron moves independently in an orbital.
Knowledge of electronic configuration is necessary for understanding the structure of periodic table.It helps in understanding the chemical properties of elements.
Elements undergo chemical reactions in order to achieve stability. Main group elements obey the octet rule in their electronic configuration while the transition elements follow the 18 electron rule. Noble elements have valence shell complete in ground state and hence are said to be stable.
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What happens during prophase?
Answers
answer:
During prophase, the complex of DNA and proteins contained in the nucleus, known as chromatin, condenses. The chromatin coils and becomes increasingly compact, resulting in the formation of visible chromosomes. ... The replicated chromosomes have an X shape and are called sister chromatids
Explanation:
Answer:
Which statement best describes how Poe creates mood in the excerpt?
Poe uses rhyme to create an optimistic mood.
Poe uses rhyme to create a nostalgic mood.
Poe uses rhyme and onomatopoeia to create a rowdy mood.
Poe uses rhyme and onomatopoeia to create a boastful mood.Explanation:
_______________ cells are striated, tubular, and multi-nucleated. They are classified as voluntary and their structure allows for locomotion and movement.
Answers
Answer:
Skeletal muscle
Hope this helps :) !!!
Answer:
Skeletal muscle cells
Explanation:
Skeletal muscle cells cells are striated, tubular, and multi-nucleated. They are classified as voluntary and their structure allows for locomotion and movement.
Correctly label the following anatomical features of the coxal joint ransvelse ecetabular Iigameni Pubolemoral ligament Femur Ischlal luberosily Gieater trochantet Round gament otenoral Iduuen (d) Postarlor vlow
Answers
The connection between bones, ossicles, or other hard body parts that makes up an animal's skeletal system into a useful whole is known as a joint, sometimes known as an articulation (or articular surface). They are made to accommodate different sorts and gradations of movement.
The joint that joins the head of the femur to the pelvic acetabulum is the hip joint, also referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint (art. coxae). Its main job is to carry the body's weight in both static (like when you're standing) and dynamic (like when you're walking or running) postures.
By articulating the pelvis and femur, the hip joint connects the axial skeleton to the lower extremity. The os coxae, often known as the hip bone, develops from the By the conclusion of adolescence, the ilium, ischium, and pubis fuse to form the adult os coxae, or hip bone.
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1. Use a map to find the approximate location of each food source on the map of
North and Central America in the Data for Part 1 section. Make a mark (eg, an Xor
a small circle) on the map below at each location to indicate the approximate source
of each of each food in the sample data. If it came from outside the map, use an
arrow to indicate that its source is overseas (10 points)
Map of North America and Central America
Answers
The food map of America is given as attached.
What is the explanation for this ?The map illustrates the prevalence of monoculture in the United States, with corn being the most extensively grown crop,occupying the largest land area.
Some counties have up to 63% of their land dedicated to corn cultivation. Soybeans rank second and are primarily used as livestock feed,rather than solely for tofu production.
Food maps are visual representations that depict the distribution and prevalence of different food crops or agricultural practices in specific regions or countries.
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Explain the elements needed in the nursing assessment of mrs. rogers’ musculoskeletal system.
Answers
Since the patient has an osteoporosis history, a musculoskeletal assessment is necessary.
In musculoskeletal assessment, the nurse should Inspect the axial and appendicular skeletons for alignment, contour, symmetry, size, and gross deformities.
Bones and muscles must be palpated to check for tenderness, heat, and oedema. The nurse should percuss the spine for tenderness.
Assessment of joints for motion should be done for this the nurse should know the expected movement of every joint. The muscles must be tested for strength bilaterally.
The patient's past surgeries, injuries and illness must be recorded with the family history of disease associated with musculoskeletal (for example, arthritis, osteoporosis, etc)
Disclaimer: The question is not complete.
Jolly Rogers, a 72-year-old female client who lives alone in a townhouse, arrives to the medical-surgical unit after falling down seven icy steps in front of her home.
The vital signs are T. 97° F; BP, 130/80 mm Hg; HR, 88 beats/minute; RR, 22 breaths/minute. She is 5 feet 4 inches tall and weighs 120 lb. She has a history of osteoporosis and diabetes controlled with diet.
The client stated that she has pain in her right arm rated as 6/10, and pain in her right hip rated as 8/10. There is visible bruising and swelling at the right elbow.
The right leg appears shorter than the left leg, with external rotation of the leg and inability to move it and bruising and oedema at the site. The LPN/LVN needs to perform a complete musculoskeletal system assessment.
Explain the elements needed in the nursing assessment of Mrs. Rogers' musculoskeletal system.
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True or False: If the genotype of a trait for dark hair is "HH", a genotype of "Hh" will also produce dark haired offspring.
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Which levels of classification are used to form a binomial nomenclature for an organism?
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Answer:
Carolus Linnaeus was a botanist who lived in the 1700's and devised a system of naming organisms known as binomial nomenclature. It is a two-name system using the categories of genus and species to precisely name an organism. The genus and species name is called an organism's scientific name. I hope that this helps you.
If the first child of two parents with polydactyly does not exhibit this trait, what is the probability that their next child will have polydactyly
Answers
Answer:
No
Explanation:
Just because you are deferant dose not mean that your baby wourld have to turn out that way.
can some one helpppppp plssss
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How many amino acids would the follow strand of mRNA code for?
UGCCGAUAA
9
6
3
2
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Prior to the industrial revolution in the mid-1800s, a species of moth had light-colored wings speckled with small black spots. This coloration camouflaged the moths resting on the birch trees growing in their native habitat, since birch bark has similar coloring. In the early 1900s, this changed as dark soot produced by industrial pollution coated birch trees such that the trees lost their speckled coloring. Years later, it was observed that the moths of this species had changed from being light and speckled to being solid black. Which is the most plausible reason for this change
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Answer:
The dark colored moths were due to a genetic mutation, and were more than likely present before the Industrial Revolution. Their fitness was low because predators could easily see them on the light-colored trees. They would be eaten before they could reproduce and pass on their genetic mutation. After the trees became darkened by soot, the darker colored moths now had the survival advantage, able to "hide" from predators. The lighter colored moths became more visible to predators, and the advantage shifted. Now, the light colored moths were more visible to predators, were eaten, and didn't have the chance to reproduce. The darker moths with the mutation had the survival advantage, blending in with the soot-covered trees, and were able to reproduce at higher rates, passing the mutation on to later generations.
Investigation mitosis (remote edition)
PLEASE HELP!
Answers
Mitosis is a special type of cell division which involves the process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
The stages of phases of mitosis are:
InterphaseProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseMitosis results in the formation of two identical daughter cells
What is cell division?Cell division is defined as process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. The daughter cells have the same genetic material.
So therefore, the major purpose of mitosis are
Growth development Replacement of worn out cellsLearn more about mitosis:
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Which of the following could both a eukaryotic and a prokaryotic cell share/contain :
1- Nucleus
2- Golgi bodies
3- Endoplasmic reticulum
4- Cell membrane
5- Any membrane-bound organelle
Answers
The following which both eukaryotic and a prokaryotic cell share/contain is the cell membrane and is thereofre denoted as option 4.
What is a Prokaryote?These are the types of organisms whose cells lack a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. Eukaryotes on the other hand are organisms which have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles.
Examples of membrane bound organelles are nucleus, golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum etc and is therefore the reason why only cell membrane was chosen as the correct choice as it helps to provide structural integrity to cells.
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how much higher might sea level rise by 2100
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Which product of photosynthesis is the most vital to other organisms?
Answers
Take a theoretical position either in favor of or against gene editing.
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In conclusion, gene editing has the potential to be misused and lead to unforeseen consequences, which can cause long-term damage to society.
Gene editing refers to the deliberate modification of the genetic composition of an organism. Editing genes can be done through the insertion, deletion, or replacement of DNA, which is done by using certain techniques like CRISPR/Cas9.Gene editing can be useful in many ways as it can help treat genetic disorders and help modify crops, which can help in solving world hunger.
However, some argue against gene editing and its potential implications. It is important to explore both sides and make an informed decision regarding gene editing. Here are two theoretical positions; one in favor of gene editing and another against gene editing.
In favor of Gene Editing
Gene editing has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare industry by treating and curing genetic disorders.
For instance, gene editing can help treat Huntington’s disease and cystic fibrosis. Through gene editing, we can insert functional genes into a patient’s genome to replace the defective genes. Moreover, gene editing can also help in developing genetically modified crops, which can help combat world hunger. For example, researchers can insert genes into crops that make them resistant to pests, disease, and adverse weather conditions. Gene editing also has the potential to reverse environmental damage.
In conclusion, gene editing has the potential to bring positive changes in the field of healthcare and agriculture, which can improve the quality of life for many people. Against Gene Editing Gene editing has the potential to be misused, and this can lead to ethical concerns. For instance, gene editing can be used to create “designer babies,” which can have a wide range of implications. Creating “designer babies” can lead to a social divide, where people with the means to edit their children’s genes have more advantages than those who don’t.
Moreover, gene editing can lead to unforeseen consequences, which can cause irreversible environmental damage. Gene editing can also result in the creation of superhumans, which can be a disadvantage to society as a whole.
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A mother has type A blood, and the father has type B blood. If their baby has type O blood, what is the genotype of
each parent?
Answers
Answer:
rho negative, and rho positive both of these do not mix. The positive broke down to make an A+
Explanation:
my mom told me thats how her blood type can to be. she is a cna
The father is BO and the mother is A0 .Can a mother with type A blood and a father with type B blood have a child with genotype 0 blood?
What is genotype?An organism's genotype is still made up of most of its genetic components. A child having blood types A, B, AB, even O could result from having an A parent as well as a B parent.
How does a child get blood type O?If mom passes her O and so does dad, then the child will be O which is O type blood. Each parent has a 50% chance of passing down the O gene.
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Which marine habitats would have the least access to primary producers? a. salt marshes and estuaries b. coral reefs and lagoons c. mangroves and intertidal zones d. deep sea and sea floor
Answers
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
hope this helps!!
scientists calculated the net primary productivity at two different forest sites. both forests have the same gross primary productivity. forest a has a net primary productivity of 1,650kcal/m2/year, and forest b has a net primary productivity of 1,110kcal/m2/year.
Answers
A producers have lower rates of cellular respiration than forest B producers.
What is NPP and GPP in ecosystem?Gross primary productivity is the rate of photosynthesis. Net primary productivity is the rate of storage of organic matter except which is utilized for the respirations by plants. Hence , we can say that NPP = GPP- plant respiration .
Forest A producers have lower rates of cellular respiration than forest B producers. (Since gross primary productivity is the same, forest B has a lower net primary productivity; therefore, it has a higher rate of cellular respiration.)
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Disavantages of carbon
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Answer:
Disavantages if Carbon: Carbon can cause climate change by trapping heat, and they can contribute to respiratory disease from smog and air pollution.
HELP!!! Identify the model that supports the principle of lateral continuity.
Answers
Answer:
the second on the top row
Explanation:
it states that layers of sediment initially extend laterally in all directions you can see that after the valley in all the other pictures a layer of rock does not seem to be originally aligned therefore would contradict the principle I guess
Answer:
second on the top row
Explanation:
made a 100
The diaphragm creates a ________ section between the thoracic and abdominal body cavities.
Answers
The transverse (cross) portion here between thoracic and abdominal bodily chambers is created by the diaphragm.
Why does the diaphragm serve its purpose?You can blow in and out with the assistance of the diaphragm, a muscle This little muscles has a dome shape and is positioned behind your heart and lungs. It is joined to your backbone, the base of your rib cage, and the septum, a bone in the heart of your chest.
Do you have a diaphragm if you can take a breath?However, your diaphragm muscle, that performs the pushing and tugging on your lungs to enable them operate, is meaningless without your lungs. Therefore, when you inhale, your head transmits an electrical impulse to your breathing muscles through your neurological system.
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which would indicate that a series of fossils represent the evolution of the horse?
Answers
Successive fossils show the evolution of teeth shapes and foot and leg anatomy to a grazing habit with adaptations for escaping predators. The Correct option (C) All of the fossils show similar structures to that of the modern horse.
Early horse ancestors were specialized for life in tropical forests, but current horses are evolved to life on drier ground. The development of tooth forms and foot and leg architecture to a grazing habit with adaptations for escape predators is demonstrated by successive fossils.
Students are frequently taught in history class that the Spaniards brought horses to the New World in the 1500s, but the fossil record shows that horses first appeared in North America at least 55 million years ago and roamed the continent until they became extinct at the end of the last Ice Age, about 10,000 years ago.
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Full Question: Which would indicate that a series of fossils represent the evolution of the horse?
A.All of the fossils were found in the same layers of rocks as horse
fossils
B. All of the fossils are completely Identical to horse bones.
C.All of the fossils show similar structures to that of the modern horse.
D. All of the fossils were located in the same place on Earth as horses.