in the phylogeny shown here, where are the root and the outgroup? how does the outgroup organism differ from the others? which two organisms are the most closely related? which node represents the last common ancestor of neisseria and haemophilus? which genome has evolved much faster than the others, and why? g
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The root of the tree represents the taxa's most recent common ancestor. Since the flow of genetic haemophilus information moves from the root to the tips with each succeeding generation, it is the oldest component of the tree and indicates the path of evolution.
Anti-Bacteria at Home Gram-Negative Microorganisms The industry for the discovery of anti-infective antibodies and peptides is still in its infancy, but Haemophilus Creative Biolabs is unquestionably the world's pioneer and market leader. We take pride in offering clients all over the world a top-tier service for the development of antibodies and peptides targeting Haemophilus thanks to our patented platform Anti-Bacteria Biomolecular Discovery. A typical Haemophilus member is Haemophilus influenzae. It is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that only infects humans and can result in sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia, among other serious infectious illnesses. Several antibodies and peptides have been developed recently that target the H. influenza surface components. It has been demonstrated that naturally acquired antibodies with bactericidal activity target the capsular
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Related Questions
What is the treatment for unfavorable risk early stage Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Answers
The treatment for unfavorable risk early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma typically involves a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
Here is a step-by-step explanation:
1. Chemotherapy: This is the primary treatment method for unfavorable risk early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. Patients usually receive a combination of drugs, such as ABVD (Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine) or escalated BEACOPP (Bleomycin, Etoposide, Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamide, Oncovin, Procarbazine, and Prednisone). The treatment plan may include multiple cycles of chemotherapy, depending on the patient's response and the severity of the disease.
2. Radiation therapy: After completing chemotherapy, patients with unfavorable risk early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma may receive radiation therapy to treat any remaining cancerous cells. Radiation therapy can help reduce the risk of the disease coming back (relapse) by targeting specific areas where the lymphoma was initially present.
3. Follow-up and monitoring: After completing the treatment, the patient will have regular follow-up appointments with their healthcare team. This may include physical exams, blood tests, and imaging studies to monitor the patient's response to treatment and to detect any signs of the lymphoma returning or potential long-term side effects from the therapy.
In summary, the treatment for unfavorable risk early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma typically involves a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, followed by regular follow-up and monitoring.
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Which part of the brain is represented by the highlighted area shown below? (5 points)
0 Cerebrum
Cerebellum
ОООО
O Medulla oblongata
Pons
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Answer: Cerebellum
Explanation: I took the test
Glucose is broken down in the chemical processes of aerobic respiration.
Which row of the table below shows the correct products of this breakdown?
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Aerobic respiration :- Aerobic respiration is process of respiration in which complete oxidation of glucose takes place in the presence of oxygen
That is,
Aerobic respiration is takes place in four stages :-
GlycolysisThe link reaction The Krebs cycle Oxidative phosphorylationIn aerobic respiration, Glucose with 6 carbon atoms broken into 2 pyruvic acid each with 3 carbon atom and produces water + CO2 + energy.
Whereas,Anaerobic respiration :- is the process of respiration in which incomplete oxidation of glucose takes place in the absence of oxygen
The end products of glucose in anaerobic respiration is
In human muscles, Lactic acid + Energy In yeast, Ethanol + CO2 + EnergyHence, Option D is the correct answer.
example of natural selection
PLEASE HELP !!!!!!!
20 POINTS
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Skeletal Adaptations. Giraffes, lizards, and many other known species adapted to their environments through genetic changes to their skeletons. Coloration. Many species have been studied who've adapted to their environment through adaptions in coloring. Natural selection is the process in nature by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more than those less adapted to their environment. For example, treefrogs are sometimes eaten by snakes and birds. However, natural selection does not always go to the optimum. An example of variation is that I have a cat with black fur and one with yellow fur. Trait that can be PASSED DOWN to offspring through genes. Inherited characteristic that INCREASES an organism's chance of survival or reproduction in its environment.
stress causes the body to react as in situation of "fight or flight". Please could you pls enlighten me further about this statement?
Answers
Fight-or-flight response refers to an organism's response when faced with an acute threat to survival. It is marked with physical changes that include nervous and endocrine changes preparing the organism to react or to retreat.
For example, when a snake faces a predator or a threat, its responses could be crawling away or acting as if it is ready to attack as its defensive displays. It could be through hooding, hissing, and raising the upper portion of their bodies to stand erect.
What organelle must be present for a cell to be classified as eukaryotic?
nucleus
chromosomes
chloroplasts
ribosomes
Answers
Hope this helps *smiles*
Which organelle stores water and helps to maintain the plant cell shape? (4 points)BНЕAreFGH
Answers
H. Vacuole
The central vacuole is the organelle able to store water and also maintain the cell shape. It`s sorrounded by a membrane and contains many dissolved substances.
what is the to the question
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who came first? hen or egg
explain?
Answers
Answer:
Egg came First
In adrenocortical insufficiency, such as Addison disease, the most severe manifestations are the result of
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In adrenocortical insufficiency, such as Addison's disease, the most severe manifestations are the result of an insufficient amount of circulating cortisol.
Addison’s disease is an uncommon chronic condition in which the adrenal glands fail to produce sufficient amount of hormones including cortisol and aldosterone. It results often from an autoimmune attack.
Cortisol is a hormone which assists the body in dealing with stress such as the stress of an illness, injury or surgery. It also helps in regulating the blood pressure, cardiac function, immune system and blood glucose or sugar levels.
Aldosterone is a hormone which affects the balance of salts like sodium and potassium in the blood which in turn controls the amount of fluid that the kidneys can remove as urine.
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What is "biological altruism" WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!
Answers
Answer: Biological altruism is a type of behavior in which an individual organism acts in a way that benefits other organisms, even at a cost to itself. This type of behavior is often seen in social animals, such as bees or ants, where individuals work together for the good of the group. The key feature of biological altruism is that it is an evolved trait, meaning that it has been selected for over time because it provides a reproductive advantage to the individual or group.
Can anyone answer this its urgent...
srrry if the cropping is bad
Answers
Answer:
The answer for this question is the ureotelic
Answer:
b?
Explanation:
Which of the following lines from "Birches" uses metaphor to create a strong image?
A." Shattering and avalanching on the snow-crust--Such heaps of broken glass to sweep away..."
B."I should prefer to have some boy bend them. As he went out and in to fetch the cows--"
C."Like girls on hands and knees that throw their hair"
D."Broken across it, and one eye is weeping from a twig's having laashed across it open."
Answers
Hope this helps :)
Answer:
The correct answer Is A
Explanation:
"Shattering and avalanching on the snow crust
Such heaps of glass to sweep away..."
When does puberty usually begin in girls and in boys?
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Hi, could someone tell me what should be in the blank space of my concept map about the cell membrane?
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What are the characteristics on the side of the diagram called?Characteristics: amniotic egg, tetrapod, vertebrae, develop from blastula, common ancestor.
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The diagram in the picture is a cladogram, a diagram that depicts rellationships between different groups of organisms, reconstructing evolutionary history. The cladogram is composed of nodes, clades and roots (initial ancestor, common to all).
a condition of deficient (secretion of hormones from the) sex glands
Answers
Answer:
Hyposecretion is when the amount of hormones that are released is too low.
Fox is related to cunning, as leaf is related to
1. Calcium
2. hub
3. sap
4. crump
Answers
The_____ prevents the rupture of bacterial cells by internal osmotic pressure. Slime layer
Capsule
Biofilm
Plasma membrane
Cell wall
Glycocalyx
Answers
The cell wall prevents the rupture of bacterial cells by internal osmotic pressure. So option 5 is correct.
The cell wall of almost all bacteria is composed of peptidoglycan, a polysaccharide that prevents osmotic rupture of the cell and strengthens cell structure. The integrity of the cell wall must be maintained in the diverse environments in which bacteria multiply. The cells that possess a cell wall can withstand the changes in osmotic pressure.
The cells that lack a cell wall cannot withstand changes in osmotic pressure. This can cause shrinkage of cells in hypertonic environments whereas in hypotonic environment cell gets lysed. The cells that possess cell walls undergo plasmolysis rather than shrinkage.
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Animal cells do not directly contact
pure water. Which type of solution are
our cells bathed in?
A. hypertonic
B. hypotonic
C. isosmotic
D. isotonic
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Answer:
D. IsotonicThe cells of your body are bathed in tissue fluid which is also a solution of salts, sugars and other chemicals in water.
Explanation:
the urethra contains an internal sphincter of smooth muscle. T/F?
Answers
The statment "the urethra contains an internal sphincter of smooth muscle." is true.
The internal urethral sphincter is a ring of smooth muscle located at the junction of the bladder and urethra. This involuntary sphincter is responsible for maintaining urinary continence by preventing urine leakage from the bladder into the urethra.
It is under the control of the autonomic nervous system, specifically the sympathetic nervous system, which causes it to contract and close the urethral opening.
When it's time to urinate, the parasympathetic nervous system signals the internal urethral sphincter to relax, allowing urine to flow from the bladder through the urethra and out of the body.
Additionally, there is an external urethral sphincter composed of skeletal muscle, which is under voluntary control and provides additional support for maintaining continence.
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!!!!!HURRY PLEASE!!!!!How does the theory of plate tectonics explain the movement of Earth’s plates? Explain In 2 or more sentences.
Answers
The theory of plate tectonics states that the Earth's surface is made up of several large, moving plates. These plates are constantly moving, colliding, and pulling apart due to forces generated by the movement of material in the Earth's mantle. The movement of these plates causes the creation of earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountain ranges as well as the formation of oceanic crust and the reshaping of continents over time. The movement of the plate is caused by the convection currents in the Earth's mantle, which causes the plate to move in a slow and steady way.
Describe what happens to carbohydrates in the human body between ingestion and assimilation in the liver.
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Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, absorbed by the small intestine, transported to the liver, and used for energy or stored as glycogen or fat depending on the body's needs.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the bloodstream. If there is a high amount of glucose in the bloodstream, insulin will signal to the liver and muscle cells to absorb and store the excess glucose. If there is a low amount of glucose in the bloodstream, glucagon will signal the liver to break down the stored glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream to be used for energy.
When carbohydrates are ingested, they are digested in the mouth and stomach. The carbohydrates are broken down into glucose. The glucose is absorbed by the small intestine. The glucose is then transported to the liver.
The glucose is used for energy and stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles for later use. If there is an excess of glucose, it will be stored as fat in the adipose tissue.
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In the conversion of glucose to pyruvate, how many of the actual steps involve electron transfer?.
Answers
Only 1 step involves electron transfer
What is glycolysis?Glycolysis is the central pathway for the glucose catabolism in which glucose (6-carbon compound) is converted into pyruvate (3-carbon compound) through a sequence of 10 steps.Glycolysis takes place in both aerobic and anaerobic organisms and is the first step towards the metabolism of glucose.The glycolytic sequence of reactions differs from one species to the other in the mechanism of its regulation and the subsequent metabolic fate of the pyruvate formed at the end of the process.In aerobic organisms, glycolysis is the prelude to the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain, which together release most of the energy contained in glucose.It is also referred to as Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas or EMP pathway, in honor of the pioneer workers in the field.To learn more about glycolysis from the given link
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what is competition in science?
Answers
Answer:
Competition in science is when two or more organisms compete for resources such as food, water, or shelter.
Explanation:
Can I have brainliest? It would help me out, if not thanks anyways! Please tell me if you need me to elaborate more or show work!! I hope this helped and have a nice day!
Answer:
Competition in biology is a term that describes how living organisms directly or indirectly seek resources.
Competition Often Drives Adaptations. ...
Gause’s Competitive Exclusion Principle. ...
Types of Competition and Examples. ...
Population Dynamics. .
Explanation:
help please pppplleeaassee
Answers
Answer:
Grades are the depenant variable while hours spent playing videogames is the independant variable.
Explanation:
Image result for independent variable
Independent variables (IV): These are the factors or conditions that you manipulate in an experiment. (Hours spent playing) Your hypothesis is that this variable causes a direct effect on the dependent variable. Dependent variables (DV): These are the factor that you observe or measure. (Frades at school)
Plan an experiment to determine the effect of sodium chloride concentration on the volume of oxygen gas produced during this reaction. [6 marks]
Answers
The experiment to determine the effect of sodium chloride concentration on the volume of oxygen gas is given below.
Experiment to show the effect of sodium chloride concentration on the volume of oxygen gasExperiment to Determine the Effect of Sodium Chloride Concentration on the Volume of Oxygen Gas Produced:
Materials:
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solutionSodium chloride (NaCl) solution with varying concentrationsCatalase enzyme solutionGraduated cylinder or gas collection apparatusTest tubesStopwatch or timerWater bath or hot plateThermometerProcedure:
Prepare three test tubes and label them as A, B, and C.In test tube A, add 2 ml of H2O2 solution.In test tubes B and C, add 2 ml of H2O2 solution and varying concentrations of NaCl solution (e.g., 0.1 M and 0.2 M).Place the three test tubes in a water bath or on a hot plate to equilibrate at a constant temperature of 37°C.Add 2 ml of catalase enzyme solution to each of the three test tubes.Start the stopwatch or timer and allow the reaction to occur for a set time period (e.g., 5 minutes).Measure the volume of oxygen gas produced by each reaction using a graduated cylinder or gas collection apparatus.Record the volume of oxygen gas produced for each reaction.Repeat steps 2-8 for different NaCl concentrations to obtain multiple data points.Plot the volume of oxygen gas produced against the concentration of NaCl solution used.Analyze the data and draw conclusions about the effect of NaCl concentration on the volume of oxygen gas produced.It is crucial to keep all other variables constant (e.g., temperature, enzyme concentration) to ensure that any observed effects on oxygen production are due to changes in NaCl concentration alone.
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Will give brainliest !!! On an alien world you find something that grows it gets warmer overtime and has an organized structure. You have to determine whether it is living or not.
Answers
Answer:
look for any neuro responses by stimulating the alien subject to responde the stimulations
Explanation:
the most basic concepts of cell thoery are that cells are the basic unit of life and all living things are made of cells. which answer correctly explains why these concepts are the basis of a thoery and not a hypothesis? A. cell theory explains how cells function rather than predicting how they function. B. cell theory does not change and as a result can be accepted as fact. C. cell theory is a prediction based on observation and not fully accepted idea. D. cell theory remains largely untested rather than being subject to testing.
Answers
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
That is the definition of theory
Hemizygosity would most likely be associated with which of the following?
a. Sex linked inheritance
b. Incomplete Dominance
c. Trihybrid crosses
d. Sex inherited inheritance
e. Dihybrid crosses
Answers
Answer:
A. Sex linked inheritance
Explanation: