In hummingbirds feather color is incompletely dominant. A rather large population of hummingbirds has 396 red-sided individuals (RR), 257 brown sided individuals (Rr) and 557 tan-sided individuals (ru) Calculate the following: a. What is the allele frequency of the Rallele (p)? Select) b. What is the allele frequency of the rallele (a)? Select c. Using the allele frequencies above (p and a), what is the predicted frequency of RR individuals in the next generation Select d. Using the allele frequencies above (p and al, what is the predicted frequency of Rr individuals in the next generation Select e. Using the allele frequencies above (p and al, what is the predicted frequency of individuals in the next generation
Answers
To get allelic and genotypic frequencies in a population, we need to know the total number of individuals, and the number of individuals with each genotype. a) f(R) = p = 0.433. b) f(r) = q = 0.566. c) F(RR) = p² = 0.1875. d) F(Rr) = 2pq = 0.49. e) F(rr) = q² = 0.32.
What are allelic and genotypic frequencies?When talking about frequencies, we are referring to proportions. In this case, the proportion of alleles and genotypes in a population. They provide an idea if alleles and genotypes are common or rare in a certain population.
Since it is a proportion, we need to count how many times the same allele or the genotype appears among all individuals and then divide that number by the population size. Remember that in proportions, the lowest limit is 0, while the highest limit is 1.
Following the Hardy-Weinberg equations, we can calculate allelic frequencies and genotypic frequencies if we know the number of individuals with a genotype in a population.
Hardy-Weinberg equations,
Assuming diallelic genes expressing complete dominance
p + q = 1 ⇒ being p and q allelic frequenciesp² + 2pq + q² = 1 ⇒ being p², q², and 2pq genotypic frequencies→ Allelic frequencies
Dominant allele ⇒ f(X) ⇒ pRecessive allele ⇒ f(x) ⇒ q→ Genotypic frequencies
Homozygus dominant ⇒ F(XX) ⇒ p²Heterozygous ⇒ F(Xx) ⇒ 2pqHomozygous recessive ⇒ (F(xx) ⇒ q²Genotypic frequencies,
Nº of individuals with a certain genotype / Total number of individuals
In the exposed example, the phenotypes are red, brown, and tan-sided. Brown is the intemediate phenotype expressed by heterozygous individuals.
396 red-sided individuals (RR), 257 brown sided individuals (Rr) 557 tan-sided individuals (rr)Total number of individuals 1210We will use these equations to answer the questions.
a. What is the allele frequency of the Rallele (p)?
RR frequency = F(RR) = 396/1210 = 0.327Rr frequency = F(Rr) = 257/1210 = 0.212rr frequency = F(rr) = 557/1210 = 0.46The frequency of the R allele, f(R), equals the addition of F(RR) + 1/2 F(Rr)
f(R) = F(RR) + 1/2F(Rr)
f(R) = 0.327 + 0.212/2
f(R) = p = 0.433
b. What is the allele frequency of the r allele?
The frequency of the r allele, f(r), equals the addition of F(rr) + 1/2 F(Rr)
f(r) = F(rr) + 1/2F(Rr)
f(r) = 0.46 + 0.212/2
f(r) = q = 0.566
c. Using the allele frequencies above (p and q), what is the predicted frequency of RR individuals in the next generation?
F(RR) = p² = 0.433² = 0.1875
d. Using the allele frequencies above (p and q), what is the predicted frequency of Rr individuals in the next generation?
F(Rr) = 2pq = 2 x 0.433 x 0.566 = 0.49
e. Using the allele frequencies above (p and q), what is the predicted frequency of rr individuals in the next generation?
F(rr) = q² = 0.566² = 0.32
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Related Questions
3. Match the organ system to its function.
✓ 1. Breaks down food taken in through the mouth and extracts nutrients.
T
Y
2. Circulates blood through the body by using veins and arteries.
3. Responsible for respiration by the use of the lungs.
4. Removes waste products from the body via the kidneys.
5. Master controller of the body's function. Made of the brain, spinal cord and nerves.
a. Respiratory System
b. Circulatory System
c. Urinary System
d. Digestive System
e. Nervous System
Answers
Answer:
Breaks down food... = D
Circulates... = B
Responsible for.. = A
Removes waste... = C
Master... = E
Explanation:
What are some of the steps in eukaryotic transcriptional control?
Answers
The transcription activators are the ones responsible for the control of transcription in the case of eukaryotes as they recruit deacetylases or histone acetylases by the transcriptional repressors to prevent or allow the access to the transcriptional machinery.
The transcriptional control in the eukaryotes are done by the transcriptional activators which are certain proteins or the transcription factors that can increase or decrease the transcription of a gene or set of genes. This is done at the initiation step.
Activators are usually considered to have a positive control over the gene expression, as their primary function is to promote the gene transcription and, in some cases, they are required so that the transcription of genes can occur. Transcriptional activators are able to recruit histone acetylases in order to initiate transcription and repressors are able to recruit deacetylases to prevent the access of the transcriptional machinery to the DNA.
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Describe Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection
Answers
Answer:
it sghwbdhfbwahdfk
Explanation:
Answer:
Explanation:
Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
More individuals are produced each generation that can survive. Phenotypic variation exists among individuals and the variation is heritable. Those individuals with heritable traits better suited to the environment will survive.Charles Darwin's theory of evolution states that evolution happens by natural selection. Individuals in a species show variation in physical characteristics. ... As a consequence those individuals most suited to their environment survive and, given enough time, the species will gradually evolve.
Which explanation is best supported by the numbers in the chart?
Lion and cheetah populations compete for the food source of zebras, and lions outcompete cheetahs.
The dwindling zebra population has led to the decline of the predator lion and cheetah populations.
Overhunting of lion and cheetah populations has led to a decline in the food source population.
Lion and cheetah populations compete for the food source of zebras, and cheetahs outcompete lions.
Answers
Answer:
The dwindling zebra population has led to the decline of the predator lion and cheetah populations.
Explanation:
The decrease in zebra population also decreases the population of the predator lion and cheetah because both predators depends on zebra for their survival. Both predators used zebra as a source of food for their growth and survival so if there is high availability of zebra so the population of Lions and cheetah also increases while on the other hand, if there is decrease in zebra population, the population of lion and cheetah also decreases because of less available food for them.
Answer:
B) The dwindling zebra population has led to the decline of the predator lion and cheetah populations.
Explanation:
2021 edge :)
in what type of cells would you expect to find a large amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Answers
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
the SER plays a critical role in a number of cellular processes such as lipid metabolism, detoxification of drugs and toxins, and calcium storage.
SER is abundant in cells that are specialized for the production and secretion of various substances. For example, liver cells or hepatocytes are involved in the detoxification of toxins and drugs and hence are enriched with SER.
SER contains a group of enzymes called cytochrome P450 enzymes that are responsible for breaking down and modifying drugs, hormones, and toxins. The abundant presence of SER in liver cells reflects their high metabolic activity and their role in detoxification.
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Please help! Show work please!
Answers
Answer:
7. 18m = 1800 cm = 18×10² cm
8. 23 dm = 0.23 hm
9. 5 cm = 50 mm
10. 5.3 hL = 530000 mL
11. 167 mm = 0.167 m
12. 1.589 daL = 158.9 dL
13. 35.45 mg = 0.0003545 hg
14. 43 dam = 4300 dm
15. 500 kg = 500000 g
16. 700mL = 0.0007 KL
17. 130 dag = 1.3 kg
18. 59.932 mm = 59.932 × 10 –⁵ km = 59.932 × 10^–5 km
* Note; 1 m —> 100 cm1 dm —> 0.001 hm1 cm —> 10 mm1 hL —> 100000 mL = 10⁵ mL1mm —> 0.001 m1 dal —> 100 dL1 mg —> 0.00001 hg = 10^–5 hg1 dam—> 100 dm1 kg —> 1000 g1 mL —> 0.000001 kL = 10^–61 dag —> 0.01 kg1 mm —> 0.00001 km = 10^–5 kmI hope I helped you^_^
HURRY PLEASE DUE IN 6 MIN
WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF THE SUNS ENERGY?
WHAT DO ELECTRICITY CHARGED PARTICLES FROM THE SUN CAN STRIKE IN EARTHS MAGNETOSPHERE TO LEAD TO THE PRODUCTION OF SHEETS OF LIGHT KNOWN AS AURORAS?
WHICH LAYER OF THE SUN HAS THE DENSEST MATERIAL?
Answers
Answer:
The sun is a star, this means the sun generates energy from a process called nuclear fusion. During nuclear fusion, the high pressure and temperature in the sun's core cause nuclei to separate from their electrons. Hydrogen nuclei fuse to form one helium atom. During the fusion process, radiant energy is released.
In the north, the display is called aurora borealis, or northern lights. In the south, it is called aurora australis, or southern lights. The activity that creates auroras begins on the sun. The sun is a ball of superhot gases made up of electrically charged particles called ions. I got u bro.
Explanation:
What helps determine the properties of certain tissues, particularly connective tissues?
Answers
Variations in the composition of the extracellular matrix, determines the properties of the connective tissue. For example, if the matrix is calcified, it can form bone or teeth. Specialised forms of extracellular matrix also makes up tendons, cartilage, and the cornea of the eye.
Please tell me if i am wrong. Hope this helped!
The properties of certain tissues, particularly connective tissues, are determined by the extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM is a network of proteins and other molecules that surrounds and supports the cells in the tissue.
The ECM determines the strength, flexibility, and other properties of the tissue. The ECM is composed of three main types of proteins: collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans.
Collagen is the most abundant protein in the ECM. It is a strong, flexible protein that gives tissues their tensile strength.
Elastin is a protein that gives tissues their elasticity. It is a rubber-like protein that allows tissues to stretch and return to their original shape.
Glycosaminoglycans are long, sugar-like molecules that give tissues their viscosity. They help to keep tissues hydrated and prevent them from sticking to each other.
The ECM is also home to a variety of other molecules, including growth factors, cytokines, and adhesion molecules. These molecules play a role in the development, maintenance, and repair of tissues.
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A frog population is split into two populations from the formation of a river. Over time
one of the frog populations become smaller and the other becomes larger. This
speciation is a result of what?
Answers
Answer:
That the lager frog population is better adapted to survive.
Explanation:
Here is an example: If you have to types of Polar Bears. Type 1 has long fur and type 2 has short fur. Which Polar Bear Type is more likely to survive in the north pole? Type 1, obviosity. The same goes for these frogs. Because one frog population is better adapted to survive than the other, it will allow the population to grow faster than the less adapted frogs.
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what is the inner segment (of the photoreceptor cells)?
Answers
The inner segment of the photoreceptor cells is a crucial part of the eye's retina, responsible for converting light into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain.
The retina contains two types of photoreceptor cells: rods and cones. Rods are responsible for detecting low light levels and peripheral vision, while cones are responsible for color vision and high-resolution visual acuity.
The photoreceptor cells are composed of two main segments: the outer segment and the inner segment.
The outer segment contains photosensitive pigments that absorb light and initiate the process of phototransduction.
In contrast, the inner segment is responsible for converting the light signal into an electrical signal that can be transmitted to the brain.
The inner segment contains the cell's nucleus, organelles, and metabolic machinery necessary for proper cell function. These include mitochondria, which generate energy for the cell, and endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus for protein synthesis and processing.
Additionally, the inner segment has synaptic terminals that connect with other neurons in the retina, transmitting electrical signals to the next stage of visual processing.
In summary, the inner segment of the photoreceptor cells plays a vital role in visual perception.
It houses essential cellular components and serves as the site for converting light signals into electrical signals, which are then transmitted to the brain for interpretation and perception.
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The genes A B C occur in that order in fruit flies. A is 10 map units from B, and B is 20 map units from C. If you test crossed triply heterozygous A B C/abc how much recombination would you expect between genes A and B
Answers
In a test cross between a triply heterozygous A B C/abc fruit fly, you would expect a recombination frequency of 10% between genes A and B.
In fruit flies, if genes A, B, and C occur in that order, with A being 10 map units from B and B being 20 map units from C, and you perform a test cross with a triply heterozygous A B C/abc individual, you would expect 10% recombination between genes A and B.
The distance between genes A and B is given as 10 map units, which represents the recombination frequency between these two genes. Since recombination frequency is a measure of the likelihood of a genetic crossover occurring between two genes during meiosis, a 10% recombination frequency suggests that 10% of the offspring resulting from the test cross will show recombination between genes A and B.
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Which one is the correct answer
I think its c
Answers
In the Punnett square fill in the shaded boxes with the alleles of each parent use B for the dominant allele (black fur) and b for the recessive allele (white fur)
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Under the male put BB
Next to the female bb
then first row should be Bb Bb
second row should Bb Bb
Here, all the alleles of the black parent are dominant and are represented as BB, and those of the white parent are represented as bb, and they both are purebred dominant and recessive alleles that have produced all dominant black (Bb) offspring.
What is Punnett Square?A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the possible outcomes of a genetic cross between two parents. In this case, the parents have different alleles for a gene that determines the color of their fur. The dominant allele B produces black fur, while the recessive allele b produces white fur. The Punnett square is arranged in a grid, with each box representing one possible genotype for the offspring. The top row and left-hand column of the grid represent the alleles that each parent can contribute to their offspring. In this case, both parents are purebred,as expressed below.
Hence, black parents are dominant and are represented as BB, and those of the white parent are represented as bb, and have produced all dominant black offspring.
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True or False
If the statement is true, write "true." If it is false,
change the underlined word or words to make
the statement true.
Hi
1. Chromosomes are made up of nucleic
acids.
2. Vacuoles are the cell's powerhouses.
3. The endoplasmic reticulum is the “brain"
of the cell.
4. Yeasts perform a type of respiration
called fermentation.
5. Oxygen and ATP are the end products of
respiration.
6. In phase 3 of cell division (metaphase),
chromosomes attach to the spindle.
7. The movement of water through a cell
membrane is called diffusion.
8. Tissues make up the second level of
organization in living things.
98
Answers
Answer:
What are you kids doing these days
Explanation:
frfr
Choose one invasive species not mentioned in this section and research it online. discuss the threats it poses to ecosystems and to humans (if any).
Answers
1.One invasive species that is not mentioned in this section is the Asian carp.
2.Continued research and management strategies are necessary to mitigate the threats posed by Asian carp and protect ecosystems and human interests.
One invasive species that is not mentioned in this section is the Asian carp. Asian carp refers to several species of carp that are native to Asia but have been introduced to waterways in North America.
These carp, including the bighead and silver carp, pose significant threats to ecosystems and humans. In terms of ecosystems, Asian carp are highly destructive.
They outcompete native fish for resources, leading to a decline in biodiversity. Additionally, they can alter the physical structure of ecosystems by uprooting vegetation and causing erosion. This can have cascading effects on other species that rely on the affected habitats. Asian carp also pose threats to humans.
One significant concern is their ability to jump out of the water when startled by boat motors, posing a risk to boaters and water recreationists. Additionally, the carp can multiply rapidly and reach high densities, leading to reduced water quality and potential disease transmission.
Efforts to control Asian carp populations include physical barriers, such as electric fences, and commercial harvesting. However, complete eradication has proven challenging.
Continued research and management strategies are necessary to mitigate the threats posed by Asian carp and protect ecosystems and human interests.
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Which of the following processes occurs inside the chloroplast of a plant cell? Choose ALL that are correct. (There will be multiple answers) Question 2 options: Carbon dioxide is produced. Oxygen is produced. Sunlight is trapped. Glucose (sugar) is produced.
Answers
Therefore, the correct answers are:
Sunlight is trapped.Glucose (sugar) is produced.The chloroplast is responsible for capturing light energy, converting it into chemical energy (in the form of ATP and NADPH), and utilizing that energy to convert carbon dioxide into glucose during the process of photosynthesis.
The correct processes that occur inside the chloroplast of a plant cell are:
Sunlight is trapped: The chloroplast contains pigments, such as chlorophyll, that can capture sunlight during the process of photosynthesis.
Glucose (sugar) is produced: Through the process of photosynthesis, the chloroplast uses captured sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose (sugar). This glucose serves as an energy source for the plant.
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The_______ harness light energy and convert it into chemical energy. The ______ convert fuel particles into usable energy for the cell.
Answers
First one is chlorophyll, second one is mitochondria.
all of the following are true about the placenta except which statement? a. it serves an excretory function for the fetus. b. it serves a respiratory function for the fetus. c. it is where fetal and maternal blood mingles. d. it transfers nutrition to the fetus. e. it is where maternal blood vessels lie side
Answers
The statement that is not true about the placenta states that it is where fetal and maternal blood mingles. Option C is the answer.
The placentaThe placenta, an organ that grows in the uterus throughout pregnancy, connects the mother and the developing fetus. It is a complex organ that develops from the mother's and the fetus' tissues, and it performs a number of crucial tasks that are necessary for the fetus's survival and growth.
These processes involve supplying the baby with nutrition and oxygen from the mother, eliminating waste from the fetal blood, and generating hormones that control the pregnancy. Additionally, the placenta acts as a line of defense against contaminants and pathogens that might be present in the mother's bloodstream. The placenta leaves the uterus after the baby is born.
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Is Shibuya City a marine or continental environment?
Answers
Answer:
Well, Shibuya City is located in the Tokyo Metropolis of Japan and since it is an urbanized area, it is an continental environment.
A forensic scientist discovers a flat bone that articulates to a vertebra but no other struc-
ture. What is the name of the bone?
true rib
floating rib
occipital bone
hyoid
Answers
Answer:Occipital bone
Explanation:
Sorry if im wrong
Which of the following are characteristics of eudicots? Select all that apply. Floral parts come in threes. The embryos have two cotyledons. Nutritive tissue of the mature seed is the endosperm
Answers
Statements- B The embryos have two cotyledons, D The nutritive tissue of the mature embryo is usually the cotyledons. and E Floral parts come in fours, fives or multiple of these are true for characteristics of Eudicots, which are the following:
Other options A Flora parts come in threes and C Nutritive tissue of the mature seed is the endosperm is related to Monocots.
Plants that have the characteristics of true dicots are called eudicots.
These kinds of plants contain two cotyledons in their embryo so they are called dicots.
Most of the dicots have non-endospermic or exalbuminous types of seeds which means they do not have endosperm after the maturity of seed, stored nutrients are found in cotyledons instead of the endosperm.
All the families under class- Dicotyledonous have the floral parts in fours, fives, or multiples of these.
Plants that have a single cotyledon in their embryo are called monocots.
Floral parts come in three or multiples of three.
Seeds are mostly Endospermic or Albuminous which means endosperm is found in mature seeds for storage of nutrients.
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Which of the following statements is true as the moon goes from new moon to full moon
phase? Choose all that apply.
We see more of the lighted side of the moon.
We see less of the lighted side of the moon.
The time it takes to go from new moon to full moon is 2 weeks.
The time it takes to go from the new moon to full moon is 4 veeks.
Answers
Answer:
We see more of the lighted side of the moon because it is growing, so we see more
The time it takes to go from new moon to full moon is 2 weeks, because it takes a whole month (4 weeks) to go from new moon to full moon to new moon
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How many stomach compartments does a ruminant have?
Answers
The rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum are the four sections of a ruminant's stomach. Volatile fatty acids, which are the cow's principal source of energy, are produced by rumen microorganisms after meal is fermented.
Which organ of a ruminant actually serves as its stomach?The four divisions in a ruminant's stomach are the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum (Van Soest, 1994). In contrast to the abomasum, which is the actual stomach and resembles the non-ruminant stomach in both anatomy and function, the rumen, reticulum, and omasum are where pregastric fermentation and feed breakdown occur.
Are four stomachs present in all ruminants?Two-toed feet and a four-chambered stomach are characteristics of most ruminants. Reduced or occasionally missing are the upper incisors.
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Which of the following statements is true? *
A person with Type A blood has anti-B antigens and type A antibodies.
A person with Type AB blood makes both anti-A antibodies and anti-B antibodies.
Any person can get a fresh supply of antibodies from eating a healthy, organic diet.
Antibodies are transferred from mother to child at birth and through breastmilk to nursing infants.
Answers
antibodies are transfered from mother to child at birth and through breast milk to nursing infants
a person with type A blood has type A antigens and anti B antibodies, a person with type AB blood has both type A and B antigens and no antibodies and also, we don't get fresh supply of antibodies from organic and healthy diet but those diets rather help improve our immunity.
so this makes the last point the correct option because breastmilk contains antibodies to improve the immune system if the infant and also there is transfer of antibodies between the infant and the mother through the umbilical cord.
Recessive traits are...
visible in the organism's phenotype as long as TWO recessive traits are present.
visible in the organism's phenotype as long as ONE recessive trait is present.
Answers
_____1. Biome
A. Ecosystem B. Evergreen C. Taiga D. Tundra
2. Desert
A. Cactus B. Oldest Biome C. Tundra D. Desert
3. Tundra
A. Deciduous B. Oldest Biome C. Arctic D. Tropical Rain
4. Fires
A. Evergreen B. Savannah C. Arctic D. Taiga
5. Treeless
Answers
\( _______________________________\)
See Below ~
1.A.
2.B.
3.A.
4.B.
5.?
\( ________________________________\)
Brainiest will be mark, if correctly answered.
No link!!!! I can’t open it!!!!
The process of upwelling occurs as a result of which of the following?
A. warmer, less dense deep water that floats to the surface
B. surface waves that mix surface and deep water
C. cooler dense water rises to the surface, replacing warmer water
D. sunlight that warms deep water that rises to the surface
Answers
Answer:
The answer you are looking for is A
Explanation:
Answer:
A
Explanation:
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What would be a good scientific reason to explain why the plants that receive more light have greater growth? light makes the plants happier light makes the plants happier, light had no effect on plant growth light had no effect on plant growth, the warmth from the light helps the plants grow the warmth from the light helps the plants grow, plants require light for photosynthesis, which is how they make their own food
Answers
The fact that plants require light for photosynthesis, which is how they make their own food, would be a good scientific reason to explain why the plants that receive more light have greater growth (option D).
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and other photoautotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy.
In other words, green plants make their food as autotrophs using energy from light source.
Light is a very important component of the photosynthetic process as without light, there is no photosynthesis.
Therefore, the fact that plants require light for photosynthesis, which is how they make their own food, would be a good scientific reason to explain why the plants that receive more light have greater growth.
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choose all that stimulate the secretion of aldosterone.
a. hyperkalemia b. hyponatremia c. hypotension d. hypercalcemia
Answers
The factors that stimulate the secretion of aldosterone include:
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hyponatremia
c. Hypotension
Hypercalcemia does not stimulate aldosterone secretion.
Hyperkalemia: Elevated levels of potassium in the blood, known as hyperkalemia, stimulate the secretion of aldosterone. Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water while promoting the excretion of potassium.
By increasing the excretion of potassium, aldosterone helps regulate the concentration of this electrolyte in the blood.
Hyponatremia: Low levels of sodium in the blood, called hyponatremia, also stimulate aldosterone secretion.
Aldosterone helps restore sodium levels by promoting its reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to increased water reabsorption as well. This mechanism helps maintain proper sodium balance in the body.
Hypotension: Reduced blood pressure, or hypotension, triggers the release of aldosterone. When blood pressure decreases, it is sensed by specialized cells in the kidneys called juxtaglomerular cells.
These cells release an enzyme called renin, which ultimately leads to the production of angiotensin II.
Angiotensin II stimulates the release of aldosterone, which acts on the kidneys to increase sodium and water reabsorption. This process helps restore blood volume and blood pressure.
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2 examples of density. plz
Answers
include iron, lead, or platinum.