in cladistics, characters are inherited attributes that resemble those of past relatives of the organism, whereas characters are features that are different from those found in the group's past relatives.

Answers

Answer 1

Actually, in cladistics, the terms you mentioned, "characters" and "characters are inherited attributes that resemble those of past relatives of the organism," are essentially the same thing.

Characters, also known as character states, are the observable traits or features used to analyze and classify organisms in cladistics. In cladistics, the focus is on shared derived characters, which are traits that are different from those found in the ancestral group. These derived characters are used to determine evolutionary relationships and construct phylogenetic trees. By identifying and analyzing these shared derived characters, cladists can infer evolutionary relationships and group organisms into clades. To clarify, in cladistics: Characters: These are the observable traits or features that are used to compare and classify organisms. They can be morphological (physical characteristics), physiological, behavioral, or molecular. Derived characters: Also known as apomorphies, these are traits that are different from those found in the ancestral group. They have evolved within a particular lineage and are shared among the members of that lineage.

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Related Questions

What is the color of the stars with the highest temp?

Answers

Blue, they are called blue giants, and since they usually are very big compared to our sun, they don’t last long before supernova.

Answer: Blue Stars

Explanation: The color of a star shows its surface temperature. Blue stars are the hottest, followed by white, yellow, orange, and red.

What happens when an organism has more carbohydrates than needed to meet its energy requirements? The organism begins to break down fats. The organism begins to break down fats. The organism begins to break down proteins. The organism begins to break down proteins. The extra energy is converted to protein and stored. The extra energy is converted to protein and stored. The extra energy is converted to fat and stored until needed.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - The extra energy is converted to fat and stored until needed.

Explanation:

When someone intakes more carbohydrates than they need at a particular time body converts the excess amount of the carbohydrate into glycogen and stored in the liver cells.

One glycogen level is full the insulin starts converting the carbohydrate into fatty acids that move to different parts of the body and stoored like adipose tissue in the belly and thigh.

Thus, the correct answer is - The extra energy is converted to fat and stored until needed.

How does tetanic contraction of muscles help to lift objects heavier than our body weight?

Answers

The tetanic contraction of muscles help to lift objects heavier than our body weight by generating force, overcoming resistance.

What is muscle?

Muscle is defined as group of tissue combined together in order to form muscles and muscles are the structure maker of the body it means it provide proper structure to the body.

Muscle contraction has been defined as an action potential that travels along with the nerves to the muscle. The beginning of the muscle contraction occurs with signal generated from the nervous system.There are mainly two types of muscle contraction and the situation occur when a muscle contracts and the change in size takes place.

Therefore, The tetanic contraction of muscles help to lift objects heavier than our body weight by generating force, overcoming resistance.

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The thin segment of the nephron loop's descending limb ________. The thin segment of the nephron loop's descending limb ________. is easily broken and replaced often aids in the passive movement of water out of the tubule aids in the passive excretion of nitrogenous waste helps to pack a greater number of nephron loops into a smaller space

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is ''aids in the passive movement of water out of the tubule''

Explanation:

The nephron loop has a descending branch, which goes to the renal medulla, and an ascending branch, which goes back to the cortex. The nephrons of these kidneys can have loops of Henle of different dimensions. The thin segment of the loop has thin epithelial membranes, its cells are highly permeable to water, but not to solutes. The water that exits from the descending portion of the nephron loop into the medullary space is immediately reabsorbed by the peritubular capillaries, causing osmolality to increase in both the tubular fluid and the medullary interstitial fluid. The characteristics of the descending branch differ from one species to another, the normal thing is that in one way or another, the osmotic concentration of the urine that moves through it is balanced with that of the interstitial fluid.

Glutamine and asparagine residues in proteins faciltate interactions with DNA through:
a. Hydrogen bonding with adenine
b. lonic bonding with backbone phosphate groups
c. intercataton between bases
d. Allof the above

Answers

Glutamine and asparagine residues in proteins facilitate interactions with DNA through ionic bonding with backbone phosphate groups. The correct option is b.

What are glutamine and asparagine residues?

Glutamine and asparagine are amino acids that contain amide side chains. These two amino acids are frequently found in DNA-binding proteins. The side chains of these amino acids interact with the DNA backbone by forming hydrogen bonds with the phosphate groups.

Asparagine has a short, polar side chain that is capable of forming two hydrogen bonds with the DNA backbone phosphate group. The long, polar side chain of glutamine is capable of forming three hydrogen bonds with the DNA backbone phosphate group. Therefore, asparagine and glutamine are critical for DNA-binding proteins, especially those that bind to DNA via its backbone.

Both glutamine and asparagine play a critical role in protein-DNA interactions. They facilitate interactions by forming ionic bonds with the backbone phosphate groups. Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bond that involves the electrostatic attraction between ions of opposite charge. In this case, the negatively charged phosphate groups on the DNA backbone are attracted to the positively charged side chains of glutamine and asparagine.

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suppose there is a newly discovered lineage that is a sister lineage to the lineage containing lizards and salamanders. what is most likely about this lineage?

Answers

If there is a newly discovered lineage that is a sister lineage to the lineage containing lizards and salamanders, it is most likely that this newly discovered lineage shares a common ancestor with the lineage containing lizards and salamanders.

The term "lineage" refers to a series of organisms, populations, cells, or genes that are derived from a single ancestor. The term "sister lineage" refers to two or more lineages that share a common ancestor but diverged from each other. Thus, if there is a newly discovered lineage that is a sister lineage to the lineage containing lizards and salamanders, it means that this newly discovered lineage is closely related to the lineage containing lizards and salamanders and shares a common ancestor with it. The statement "shares a common ancestor" means that this newly discovered lineage diverged from the lineage containing lizards and salamanders at some point in the past but they share a common ancestor from which they both descended. Therefore, it is most likely that this newly discovered lineage also has some traits or characteristics in common with the lineage containing lizards and salamanders due to their shared ancestry.

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If your fingernails grew at the same rate as the Atlantic Ocean is spreading , how long would they be after one year ?

Answers

Explanation:

My nails will be 50 cm long as the Atlantic grows 2cm

18 Type the correct answer in the box. Spell all words correctly. What is the goal of meeting economic and human needs? The goal of meeting economic and human needs is improved of life. Reset Next​

Answers

Answer:

Yes.

Explanation:

Yes, the goal of meeting economic and human needs is improved of life because people work hard in order to make themselves economically stable and fulfil their basic needs. When a person fulfill their basic needs, they go further to improve his lifestyle. So we can conclude that the main goal of fulfilling economic and human basic needs is to better the life of an individual.

Answer:

i think the answer is "quality" of life but i could be wrong

Explanation:

what skeletal feature marks the start of the spinal cord

Answers

The skeletal feature that marks the start of the spinal cord is called the foramen magnum.

The foramen magnum is a large opening located at the base of the skull, where the skull articulates with the first vertebra of the spinal column, known as the atlas or C1 vertebra.

It serves as the passage for the spinal cord to extend from the brain down into the vertebral canal, which houses and protects the spinal cord.

The spinal cord continues its course through the vertebral column, giving rise to spinal nerves at each level that transmit sensory and motor information between the body and the brain.

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pls help. due today. answer ASAP.
will give brailiest to person who includes at least one of each factor in their response.
what environmental and genetic factors affect the growth of a squirrel?

Answers

Answer:

Squirrels cannot live where it gets too hot or too cold. Physical factors such as temperature, availability of water, or mineral nutrients can limit where particular species can live.

_____ - is the study of how things work; gathering new information, new investigations.

Q: What's the answer?

Answers

Answer:

science

Explanation:

Integrase is a viral enzyme that mediates the integration of viral DNA into the host chromosome and is a 288-residue protein. An inactive tetramer of IN is expected to have approximately what molecular weight?A: 16 kDaB: 32 kDaC: 64kDaD: 128 kDa

Answers

The molecular weight of inactive integrase enzyme with amino acid residue around 288 will be 32 kD.

Integrase is a viral enzyme that mediates the integration of viral DNA into the host chromosome. The molecular weight can be estimated for this inactive protein based on the average amino acid molecular weight.

The average molecular weight of amino acid = 110 Dalton

The number of amino acid residues = 288

Molecular weight of protein = 110 x 288

M. weight of integrase protein = 31680 Dalton

Integrase protein weight = 32 kD

Hence, the average molecular weight of amino acids generally gives protein weight.

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Which of the following is true about adaptation?
1. It is random
II. It results from genetic mutations.
III. It creates new types of species.
O I, II and III
O I and II
O ll and III
Ol only

Answers

The following which is true about adaptation include the following:

It is random.It results from genetic mutations.It creates new types of species.

What is Adaptation?

This is the process in which an organism become more suited to its environment as a result of genetic mutations.

This creates new types of species  over a period of time and is a random process which is why option A was chosen.

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9. A finch population has genetic diversity. Some of the finches have an allele that gives them
longer beaks. Due to pollution, the ecosystem changes and seeds become harder to find. The
finches with long beaks can dig the seeds out more easily than the finches with short beaks.
a) Which type of bird is selected for in the polluted ecosystem?
b) How will the allele frequency change in the finch population?
c) is this an example of natural selection explain

Answers

Answer:

A) the finch with the longer beak

B) the allele will continue to become more prominent as the smaller beak birds die off

C) Yes, the birds with the longer beaks will continue to live on because the birds with the smaller beaks can’t find the seeds as easily.

Explanation:

Seeds are harder to find, so finches with larger beaks get selected in a polluted environment. This is a natural selection. If this continues, then the alleles for short beak will vanish.

What is natural selection?

Natural selection is a process in which nature selects an organism that can fit well. If an allele is selected in a population and present for a longer time, then it replaces other alleles in that population. Example: In a population, both short-beaked and long-beaked finches are present.

Due to pollution, long-beaked finches are able to find more seeds than short-beaked finches. Here, nature favors long-beaked finches over short-beaked finches. If this continues for a longer generation, then alleles for the short beak will vanish. Only alleles for long beaks will be in the population.

Hence, long-beaked finches are selected. It is an example of natural selection. The allele frequency of the long beak will increase while decreasing for the short beak.

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What are ethics?

A) Standards that establish right and wrong behavior.

B) Standards that establish only what is right behavior.

C) Standards that establish only what is wrong behavior.

What are ethics?A) Standards that establish right and wrong behavior.B) Standards that establish only

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

because of ethics are the definition of what's right and wrong

A

moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conducting of an activity

the table show five of the most common chromosomal abnormalities that occur during reproduction. each abnormality cause significant alteration to the genome of the individual in which they occur. analyze the information in the table and determine the genotype of the abnormality that will result in a male having some female characteristics
a) down syndrome;xy
b)edwards syndrome;xx
c) turner syndrome;xyy
d)kilinefelter syndrome;xxy

the table show five of the most common chromosomal abnormalities that occur during reproduction. each

Answers

Answer:

d)

Explanation:

The abnormality that will result in a male having some female characteristics is Klinefelter syndrome that is Option D is the correct answer. The Klinefelter syndrome, which has XXY genotype. This disease affects only the male

What are the different types of chromosomal abnormalities?

Chromosomal abnormalities are of different types; some are related to autosomes, and some are related to X and Y chromosomes. The down syndrome happens due to the trisomy in the 21st chromosome, which means instead of two chromosomes, there are three chromosomes.

In Patau syndrome, the trisomy is seen in the 13th pair of homologous chromosomes, and as a result, instead of two chromosomes, three are present. Klinefelter syndrome is associated with males who have an extra X chromosome. Infertility is observed as a result of this male display of female characteristics, such as behavioral changes. Turner syndrome is associated with females who have lost one X chromosome.

As a result, the correct answer is option D, which is Klinefelter syndrome, which is XXY.

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what part of the water cycle is when water changes from a liquid to a gas?​

Answers

Answer:

Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor. Evaporation is the primary pathway that water moves from the liquid state back into the water cycle as atmospheric water vapor.

Explanation:

Answer:

Evaporation

Explanation:

Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor. Evaporation is the primary pathway that water moves from the liquid state back into the water cycle as atmospheric water vapor.

                    I HOPE THIS HELPS :))

Select all that are functions of neurons and glial cells Receive nerve impulses Protect neurons Nourish neurons Calcium storage

Answers

roles of glial cells and neurons

taking in nerve impulsesDefend neuronsfeed the neurons

Neurons, which are specialized cells with the ability to receive and transmit electrical or chemical impulses, make up the nervous system. Glia, which are cells with complementary information processing roles to neurons, serve as support cells for the neurons.

Without the crucial functions performed by these glial cells, neurons would not be able to operate. In addition to providing myelin sheaths surrounding axons and buffering ions and chemicals that may otherwise injure neurons, glia also direct growing neurons to their destinations.

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Question:-

Select all that are functions of neurons and glial cells

Receive nerve impulses Protect neurons Nourish neurons Calcium storage

If you want to build a house on the side of a hill what preparations would ensure that mass movement would not affect your house?

Answers

Answer:

Engineering solutions include barriers and retaining walls, drainage pipes, terracing the slope to reduce the steepness of the cuts, and immediate revegetation. Rockfalls can be controlled or eliminated by the use of rock bolts, cables, and screens and by cutting back slopes to lesser gradients.

Explanation:

If you build a house on the side of a hill you need following preparation.

If you are building on a hill, height of the building should have average height as per government guide line. high raised building will impact the environment and also it will be highlighted by the planning department .The building that your are building should be easily to accessible . Soil report is also important aspect in building the house on hills . soli report gives the stability of soil that can give strong foundation to the buildings. structural engineer should design your foundation with proper structuring considering every aspect like soil stability , wind load and height of the building .

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40 POINTS! FIRST TO ANSWER CORRECTLY GETS BRANLIEST! The image below shows a certain type of global wind: What best describes these winds? Polar easterlies caused due to sinking, cool air above the poles Polar easterlies caused due to rising, warm air above the poles Trade winds caused due to sinking, cool air above the equator Trade winds caused due to rising warm air above the equator

40 POINTS! FIRST TO ANSWER CORRECTLY GETS BRANLIEST! The image below shows a certain type of global wind:

Answers

Answer:

Its b

Explanation:

Answer:

Polar easterlies caused due to rising, warm air above the poles

Explanation:

Got it right!

what is symbiotic mutualism?

Answers

Symbiotic mutualism is a type of relationship in which two different species of organisms live together in a mutually beneficial association. In this type of interaction, both species benefit from the presence of the other, and their survival and reproductive success are enhanced.

In a symbiotic mutualistic relationship, the two species can interact in different ways. For example, some species can live in close physical association with each other, while others may interact through chemical signals or other means of communication. In many cases, the relationship is so close that the two species become dependent on each other for survival. A classic example of symbiotic mutualism is the relationship between bees and flowers. Bees collect nectar from flowers, which they use as food, while at the same time transferring pollen from the male parts of the flower to the female parts, enabling the plant to reproduce. In this way, both the bees and the flowers benefit from the relationship.

Other examples of symbiotic mutualism include the relationship between ants and certain species of plants, in which the ants protect the plants from predators and in return receive food and shelter; and the relationship between certain species of bacteria and animals, in which the bacteria live in the digestive tract of the animal and help to break down food, while at the same time receiving a steady supply of nutrients.

Overall, symbiotic mutualism is an important type of relationship in which both species involved benefit from the association, and it plays an important role in many ecosystems.

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If B in the picture below represents brown hair and b represents blonde hair, what percent of the offspring will have brown hair and what percent of the offspring will have blonde hair?

If B in the picture below represents brown hair and b represents blonde hair, what percent of the offspring

Answers

Answer:

0

Explanation:

Do punnet square its no picture

Plenty of food, water and suitable temperature are the conditions required for the growth of fungi. Is it true or false?

Answers

True

Explanation:

Some species of fungi do grow better at warm temperatures (70-90°F), but there are some that thrive in very high temperatures of 130-150°F and some that will thrive in very low temperatures below 32°F (below freezing). ... Water: Fungi need lots of water to grow. For most fungi this is true. :)

the blood in the subclavian vein of the chest had a p1 of 15 mm hg. for the blood to flow back to the heart, the p2 in the superior vena cava:

Answers

In order for the blood to flow back to the heart, the p2 in the superior vena cava must be lower than 15 mm Hg.

Pressure gradients are important in the circulation of blood. Blood flows from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure. In this case, the blood in the subclavian vein of the chest had a pressure of 15 mm Hg. For the blood to flow back to the heart, the pressure in the superior vena cava must be lower than 15 mm Hg. This pressure gradient allows the blood to flow through the veins and back to the heart.

The pressure in the subclavian vein of the chest was 15 mm Hg. The blood needed to flow back to the heart, which means it needed to overcome a pressure gradient. In order for this to happen, the pressure in the superior vena cava had to be lower than 15 mm Hg. This pressure gradient allows the blood to flow through the veins and back to the heart. Pressure gradients are important in the circulation of blood and help ensure proper blood flow.

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Which of the following activities is NOT primarily a function of the left hemisphere?

1. listening to a piano concert
2. reading junk mail
3. listening to a poetry reading
4. reading your psychology book

Answers

The activity that is not primarily a function of the left hemisphere is listening to a piano concert so the correct answer is option (1).

The left hemisphere is a region in the brain that processes language, logical reasoning, and analytical skills. It is also responsible for processing information from the right side of the body. It is connected to the right hemisphere by the corpus callosum, which is a band of fibers that allows communication between the two hemispheres.Listening to a piano concert involves processing musical information, which is primarily processed by the right hemisphere.

Music is a holistic experience that involves recognizing patterns and the emotional response that the music evokes. This is in contrast to language, which is primarily processed by the left hemisphere. Thus, listening to a piano concert is not primarily a function of the left hemisphere.Reading junk mail and reading a psychology book both involve language processing and logical reasoning, which are primarily functions of the left hemisphere.

Listening to a poetry reading involves language processing, emotional response, and creativity, which are also primarily processed by the left hemisphere. Therefore, all three of these activities are primarily functions of the left hemisphere.

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2 points
What are the two most common elements elements found in the Earth's
crust and what is their approximate percentages (within +/- 5%)?

Answers

Answer:

Oxygen 46%, silicon 28%, aluminum 8.3%, iron 5.6%, calcium 4.2%, sodium 2.5%, magnesium 2.4%, potassium 2.0%, and titanium 0.61% everything else is less than 0.15%

Which is the most critical step in differentiating gram positive bacteria from gram negative bacteria

Answers

Gram staining is the most critical step in differentiating gram positive bacteria from gram negative bacteria. The process of staining the bacterial cells with crystal violet dye and then washing them with iodine solution is known as gram staining.

What is gram staining?

The process of differentiating bacteria into two different categories based on the properties of their cell wall is called gram staining. The process of staining the bacterial cells with crystal violet dye and then washing them with iodine solution is known as gram staining. Following that, the cells are decolorized using alcohol and counterstained using safranin.

What are Gram-positive bacteria?

Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria with a thick peptidoglycan cell wall that stains dark violet or purple when subjected to the gram stain. Gram-positive bacteria's thick cell wall also helps to protect them from host defenses.

What are Gram-negative bacteria?

Gram-negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane composed of lipopolysaccharides. The Gram-negative bacteria appear pink or red when subjected to the gram stain as a result of their thin peptidoglycan layer.When it comes to differentiating gram-positive bacteria from gram-negative bacteria, gram staining is the most critical step.

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what are the advantages of using specific immune globulin or immune serum globulin over vaccinations?

Answers

Specific immune globulin or immune serum globulin provides an immediate defense against the disease and provides protection immediately. It is especially useful in high-risk situations such as exposure to a virus or bacterial infection or a recent outbreak.

Immunosuppressed Patients: Vaccines are often less effective in immunosuppressed patients who are unable to produce an adequate immune response. Specific immune globulin or immune serum globulin provides a much-needed immunity boost to these patients.

Patients Allergic to Vaccines: Some people are allergic to vaccine components, making vaccination impossible. For these individuals, specific immune globulin or immune serum globulin offers a safe alternative.

Provides Passive Immunity: SIG and ISG contain pre-formed antibodies that can provide passive immunity. The immunity will last until the antibodies are broken down by the body.

Neutralization of Toxins: In certain situations, the specific immune globulin or immune serum globulin can neutralize the toxins produced by bacteria, such as in tetanus infections, where the toxin is the cause of the disease. Treatment of diseases caused by immune disorders: Immune disorders can cause some diseases. Immune globulin can be used to treat diseases caused by immune disorders, such as Kawasaki disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, myasthenia gravis, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).Long answer made short.

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Explain the nature of the relationship between the length of extremities ( such as limbs and ears) and climate

Answers

The relationship between the length of extremities and climate is influenced by Bergmann's rule and Allen's rule.

The length of extremities, such as limbs and ears, can be influenced by climate. However, it's important to note that this relationship is complex and can vary depending on different factors.

1. Bergmann's Rule: One aspect of this relationship is known as Bergmann's rule, which suggests that animals in colder climates tend to have larger bodies and shorter extremities compared to those in warmer climates.

This is because a larger body size helps retain heat more efficiently in colder environments, while shorter extremities reduce heat loss. For example, polar bears have relatively short ears and limbs to minimize heat loss in their Arctic habitats.

2. Allen's Rule: Another principle related to this topic is Allen's rule, which states that animals in colder climates have shorter appendages compared to those in warmer climates.

This is because smaller appendages have less surface area, which reduces heat loss. For instance, Arctic foxes have shorter legs and ears to minimize heat loss in their cold environment.

3. Acclimatization: It's worth mentioning that some organisms have the ability to acclimatize to their environment over time.

For example, humans living in colder regions may experience an increase in body size and a decrease in the length of extremities to adapt to the cold.

4. Exceptions and variations: While the above principles generally hold true, there are exceptions and variations based on other factors.

For instance, species that inhabit different altitudes within the same climate zone may exhibit different adaptations. Additionally, genetic factors, diet, and other ecological pressures can also influence the length of extremities.

In summary, the relationship between the length of extremities and climate is influenced by Bergmann's rule and Allen's rule, which suggest that animals in colder climates tend to have larger bodies and shorter appendages. However, exceptions and variations exist, and organisms can also acclimatize to their environment over time.

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Look at the graph to the right. What does it show?

Look at the graph to the right. What does it show?

Answers

Answer:

The graph shows that corals in the Caribbean reefs are declining

Explanation:

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