In a coffee cup calorimetry experiment, what data or information is needed to determine the enthalpy change for a reaction? Support your answer using any appropriate mathematical equation(s).

161.84kJ/mol of energy is required to activate the isomerization of methyl isocyanide,

It is given that the isomerization of methyl isocyanide follows first order kinetics. The half-lives t1/2 is 161min at T₁ 199°C and t1/2 is 5min at T₂ 230°C. The rate constant of first order kinetics is given by,

k = 0.693/half-life

On substituting the values we get,

k₁₉₉ = 0.693/161

k₁₉₉ = 4.3 x 10⁻³/min

Similarly,

k₂₃₀ = 0.693/12.5

k₂₃₀ = 0.055/min

To find the activation energy, the following formula is used

ln(k₁/k₂) = Eₐ/R(1/T₂ - 1/T₁)

On substituting the values we get,

ln(4.3 x 10⁻³/0.055) = Eₐ/8.314(1/503 - 1/472)

On solving the values on both sides we get,

Eₐ = 161.84kJ/mol

Therefore, the activation energy required for the isomerization of methyl isocyanide is 161.84kJ/mol

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The statement is false. A catalyst does not react with the product. It increases the rate by lowering activation energy.

The assertion is bogus. An impetus doesn't respond with the result of a compound response. All things being equal, it builds the pace of the response by bringing down the initiation energy expected for the response to happen. This is accomplished by giving an elective response pathway that has a lower enactment energy. Accordingly, more reactants can beat the energy obstruction and respond to frame items, and the harmony is accomplished all the more rapidly. Since the impetus isn't consumed in the response, it doesn't influence the place of harmony, nor does it shift the balance to the right or left. Impetuses are fundamental in numerous modern cycles, as they can speed up the pace of the response and save time and assets.

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False. The distance between molecules decreases for all solids when they turn into liquids.

When a solid turns into a liquid, the distances between molecules generally decrease, rather than increase.

In a solid, molecules are typically arranged in a regular, ordered pattern and are closely packed together. As the solid is heated and melts, the molecules gain kinetic energy, causing them to vibrate and move more rapidly.

This increase in motion allows the molecules to break free of their ordered positions and slide past one another, resulting in a decrease in intermolecular distances and a transition from a solid to a liquid state.

There are some exceptions to this general trend, such as in cases where the solid structure is more porous and loosely packed than the liquid, but in most cases, the statement is false.

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Add an excess of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂).

Adding an excess of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) to the experiment would help to produce the maximum amount of chalk (CaCO₃). Calcium hydroxide is a strong base that can react with carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the air to produce calcium carbonate (CaCO₃).

This reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat, which speeds up the reaction. By adding an excess of calcium hydroxide, Jane would ensure that there is enough of the reactant to react with all of the carbon dioxide present in the air and form the maximum amount of chalk.

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Answer:

A substance that neutralizes an acid is generally called a base and the basic substances that are soluble in water and alkali and the properties of alkalis are due to these hydroxide ions(OH−). ... - Thus, conclusively it can be said that all alkalis are bases but all bases are not alkali.

Answer:

This is false

Explanation:

it is actually the opposite, all bases don't dissolve in water, but alkali is a base that does dissolve in water. So, alkalis are bases, but not all bases are alkalis

Pinky, message in one of my answers that doesn't have an comment on pls.. i wish i can tlk to u.. but this new system in brainly.. oof

Answer:Opposite

Explanation:

The equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) is 259.9 Pa. assume that saturation vapor pressure is same as equilibrium vapor pressure.

Therefore, the RH at the frost point is  

RH = (eow / saturation vapor pressure) × 100

= (259.9 Pa / 259.9 Pa) × 100

= 100%

b) At T = -11 °C, we need to compare the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) and the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to ice (coi) to determine if ice particles will form. From the given table, at T = -11 °C, the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) is 237.7 Pa, and the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to ice (coi) is 165.3 Pa.

The air is supersaturated with respect to ice, and the presence of Kaolinite particles can provide surfaces for water droplets to condense onto, leading to the formation of ice particles.

c) At T = -12 °C, we compare the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) and the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to ice (coi). From the given table, at T = -12 °C, the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to water (eow) is 217.3 Pa, and the equilibrium vapor pressure with respect to ice (coi) is 181.2 Pa.

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Answer:

D. 5 frogs/sq meter

Explanation:

The directionality of bonding can affect the strength of hydrogen bonds by influencing the distance and orientation between the hydrogen and the electronegative atom, which ultimately affects the electrostatic forces that hold the molecules together.

Hydrogen bonding is a type of intermolecular force that arises when hydrogen atoms bond with highly electronegative elements like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine. The directionality of bonding plays a significant role in determining the strength of the hydrogen bonds. The strength of the hydrogen bond is determined by the distance between the two molecules, the angle between the hydrogen and the electronegative atom, and the electrostatic forces between them. The stronger the electrostatic forces and the closer the distance between the hydrogen and the electronegative atom, the stronger the hydrogen bond will be.
The directionality of bonding is determined by the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, as well as the orientation of the molecules in relation to each other. If the molecules are arranged in such a way that the hydrogen and the electronegative atom are aligned in a straight line, the hydrogen bond will be stronger than if they were aligned at an angle. Similarly, if the hydrogen and the electronegative atom are close together, the hydrogen bond will be stronger.

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4. The biological processes involved in the treatment of biodegradable waste typically include composting and anaerobic digestion.

5. The type of waste that is treated through biological processes includes biodegradable waste, which consists of organic materials that can naturally decompose over time.

6. When treating municipal sewage, the recommended wastewater treatment (WWT) system depends on various factors, including the scale of the treatment, the quality of the incoming wastewater, and the specific requirements and regulations in place.

4. - Composting: Composting is a process where biodegradable waste, such as food scraps, yard waste, and agricultural residues, is decomposed by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen. This process involves creating an environment that supports the growth and activity of aerobic bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms. The waste is typically mixed and turned regularly to ensure proper aeration and moisture levels. Over time, the microorganisms break down the organic matter, converting it into nutrient-rich compost that can be used as a soil amendment.

- Anaerobic Digestion: Anaerobic digestion is a process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. It involves the decomposition of biodegradable waste by anaerobic microorganisms, such as bacteria and archaea. The waste, such as organic matter, animal manure, or wastewater sludge, is placed in an enclosed tank or digester where it undergoes a series of biochemical reactions. The microorganisms break down the waste, producing biogas (mainly methane and carbon dioxide) and a nutrient-rich digestate. The biogas can be captured and used as a source of renewable energy, while the digestate can be used as a fertilizer.

5. This waste category typically includes food waste, yard waste, agricultural residues, paper products, and certain types of industrial waste that are primarily composed of organic matter.

6. One commonly used WWT system for municipal sewage treatment is the activated sludge process.

- Activated Sludge Process: The activated sludge process involves the treatment of sewage in an aeration tank where microorganisms, mainly bacteria, are cultured in a suspended growth medium. The incoming sewage is mixed with a culture of activated sludge containing microorganisms that consume organic matter and nutrients in the wastewater. The aeration process provides oxygen for the growth of aerobic bacteria, which help break down organic pollutants. After the aeration phase, the mixture is allowed to settle in a secondary settling tank, where the sludge (partially treated wastewater) settles to the bottom and can be recirculated or removed for further treatment. The treated effluent can then undergo additional processes, such as disinfection, before being discharged or reused.

It's important to note that the selection of the WWT system for municipal sewage treatment can vary depending on specific factors, and there may be other viable options such as sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), oxidation ditches, or membrane bioreactors (MBRs), depending on the specific requirements and resources available for wastewater treatment.

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The first one appear to be a pan with some liquid heating up.

The beginning state is liquid, the phase change type is a vaporization and its ending state is gas.

The second one seems to be a ice cube melting.

Its beginning phase is solid, the phase change type is fusion, and its ending state is liquid.

The third one is water, or other liquid, making clouds.

The beginning state is liquid, the phase change type is a vaporization and its ending state is gas.

The fourth illustration seems to be an aluminium can. There aren't really a phase change happening, but when we open the aluminium can containing gaseous drink, there are molecules of gas diluted into the liquid and some of it encouter each other to make a bubble of the gas and is released. It is not an actually phase change, it is the reverse process of diluting gas into liquid. Initially it is diluted gas, it gets released and in the end it is in gas phase.

The total mass of the products is 853.8 g.

We know that we have to apply the principles of stoichiometry so as to be able to obtain the mass of the mass of the products and then the total mass of the products that is obtained in the reaction.

We have that in the question; 496. 5 grams of lead II nitrate reacts with potassium bromide is such a way that the lead II nitrate would be completely consumed in the reaction. This means that the lead II nitrate is the limiting reactant in the reaction.

Number of moles of the lead II nitrate = 496. 5 grams /331 g/mol

= 1.5 moles

If 1 mole of  lead II nitrate produces 1 mole of lead II bromide

Mass of lead II bromide produced = 1.5 moles * 367 g/mol

= 550.5 g

If 1 mole of lead II nitrate produces 2 moles of potassium nitrate

1.5 moles of lead II nitrate produces  1.5 * 2 /1

= 3 moles of  potassium nitrate

Mass of  potassium nitrate = 3  moles * 101.1

= 303.3 g

Total mass produced = 550.5 g + 303.3 g

= 853.8 g

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Aqueous potassium chloride will react with lead nitrate in an exchange (metathesis) reaction.

In a metathesis reaction, the positive and negative ions of two ionic compounds exchange partners. The key is to determine which reaction will result in the formation of an insoluble precipitate. When aqueous potassium chloride (KCl) reacts with lead nitrate (Pb(NO₃)₂), the exchange of ions produces lead chloride (PbCl₂) and potassium nitrate (KNO₃).

Lead chloride is an insoluble precipitate, while potassium nitrate remains soluble. Therefore, the metathesis reaction occurs between aqueous potassium chloride and lead nitrate. The other given compounds do not produce an insoluble precipitate when reacting with potassium chloride.

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Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

Copper II oxide is a base but not an alkali. An alkali is a soluble base. Since Copper II oxide is not soluble in water then it is not an alkali.

Let us recall that the change of colour of litmus with an alkali requires the presence of water. In the absence of water, solid Copper II oxide does not turn red litmus paper blue.

The ability to turn red litmus paper blue is commonly observed with alkalis and Copper II oxide is not an alkali.

Also recall that since Copper II oxide is not soluble, hydroxide ions are absent hence Copper II oxide does not turn red litmus paper blue.

Answer:

Silver nitrate

Explanation:

Neutralization reaction

Hello, in the following reaction HBr is strong acid when reacts with Amphoteric Aluminium hydroxide gives water & AlBr3 as salt.

We know that in neutralization reaction

acid & bases reacts to give salt and water. Hence following reaction is neutralization reaction.

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After the calculating we have Test statistic: -3.874.

Critical values: -2.086 and 2.086.

To test if the population mean pH of rainwater is equal to 5.4, we can perform a one-sample t-test.

We have the data:

Population mean (μ) = 5.4

Sample mean (x) = 4.7

Sample standard deviation (s) = 0.8

Sample size (n) = 21

Significance level (α) = 0.05

To calculate the test statistic, we can use the formula:

t = (sample mean - population mean) / (sample standard deviation / sqrt(sample size))

Plugging in the values:

t = (4.7 - 5.4) / (0.8 / √(21))

Calculating:

t ≈ (-0.7) / (0.8 / 4.582)

t ≈ -3.874

The test statistic is approximately -3.874.

To find the critical values, we need to refer to the t-distribution table or use statistical software. At a significance level of α = 0.05 with (n-1) degrees of freedom (n = sample size), the critical values for a two-tailed test are approximately -2.086 and 2.086.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

Test statistic: -3.874.

Critical values: -2.086 and 2.086.

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Metallic elements exist in a solid-state and they are opaque, have a shiny surface, good conductors of electricity and heat, malleable and ductile, and are dense. The structure of metals is formed by atoms that are held together by metallic bonds. These atoms have loosely bound valence electrons that can be shared between the neighboring atoms.

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Answer:

237.98

Explanation:

U-238 (99.2745%), U-235 (0.7200%), U-234 (0.0055%).

Multiply mass with percentage of abundance

238 × 99.2745 = 23627.331 %

235 × 0.72 = 169.2 %

234 × 0.0055 = 1.287 %

Add all the percentages.

23627.331 + 169.2 + 1.287 = 237978.818 %

As a whole number it is = \(\frac{237978.818}{100}\)

Average atomic mass of Uranium= 237.98 [rounded to 2 decimal places]

Answer:

25,000 pairs

Explanation:

To form the 2+ ion the iron atom loses the 4s2 electrons. When forming the 3+ ion the iron atom loses the 4s2 electrons and one 3d electron.

An ion is described as an atom or molecule with a net electrical charge. The charge of an electron is considered to be negative by convention and this charge is equal and opposite to the charge of a proton, which is considered to be positive by convention.

During the formation of ionic bonds  positive ion is attracted to a negative ion and lattice energy is released.

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Answer:

The pH scale ranges from 0-14.

Explanation:

Zero is the most acidic measurement while six would be the least acidic of the acids, seven is a pure substance, neither acidic nor basic, eight is the least basic measurement while 14 is the most basic of the bases.

The specific measurement that will be affected is the volume of gas collected in the graduated cylinder. Since not all the gas was caught, the volume measured will be less than the actual volume of gas released. This will not change the molar mass calculation.

The molar mass is calculated by using the mass of the gas and the volume of the gas collected. Even though the volume measured was less than the actual volume, the mass of the gas collected should still be accurate. Therefore, the molar mass calculation should not be affected.
Hi! I'm happy to help with your question.

a. The specific measurement that will be affected is the volume of gas collected in the graduated cylinder.

b. This mistake will likely result in a decrease in the calculated molar mass. Since the volume of gas collected is lower than it should be, the molar mass calculation will be based on a smaller amount of gas, leading to a lower value than the actual molar mass.

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Answer: During a phase change, such as melting or boiling, the kinetic energy increases.

Explanation:

Kinetic energy is the energy obtained by the molecules of a substance due to their motion.

When phase change such as melting or boiling takes place then it means heat is absorbed by the substance. As a result, their molecules more even more rapidly from one place to another due to which more number of collisions take place.

Hence, a change in phase of substance occurs as kinetic energy increases in melting or boiling process.

Thus, we can conclude that during a phase change, such as melting or boiling, the kinetic energy increases.

Answer:

The answer is D. it can be mass produced

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer is D It can be mass produced.

Explanation:

I just took the test

Answer:

cell membrains

Explanation: