If the BOD5 and ultimate BOD of a municipal wastewater are 200 mg/L and 457 mg/L respectively, what is the reaction rate constant? 
a. 0.265 d-1
b. 0.050 d-1 
c. 0.115 d-1 
d. 0.165 d-1

Answer: An existing theory is modified so that it can explain both the old and new observations.

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct anwser would be B

Explanation:

◆ Atomic mass of carbon (C) = 12g

◆ Atomic mass of oxygen (O) = 16g

= 3.57

= 3.57

Simplest ratio :-

= 3.57 : 3.57

= 1 : 1

Empirical Formula = CO

The concentration of the diluted solution will be 0.017 M

It asks you to find the concentration, which is the safe to assume that the unit is Molarity (M). Also, the  unit was used in  the problem as well.

Molarity has the  units of moles/L so we have to work on getting to this point.

The problem states that you have the  10.8 mL of a 6.60 M concentration. First, we will need moles. To get the  moles, we use stoichiometry,

10.8 mL = 0.0108 L

0.00108 L x ( 6.6 moles/ L) = 0.07128 moles

0.00108 L x ( 6.6 moles/ L) = 0.07128 moles

This is how many moles are present inside the solution.

To find the new concentration, we divide the total number of moles by the new volume in the Liters:

0.07128 moles/0.25L = 0.01782 M

Rounding to two significant figures, we get 0.017 M.

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When 50 NBr3 molecules and 57 NaOH formula units react according to the given balanced equation, the result is the formation of 150 NaBr formula units.

According to the balanced equation provided:

2 NBr3 + 3 NaOH -> N2 + 3 NaBr + 3 HOBr

From the equation, we can see that 2 moles of NBr3 react with 3 moles of NaOH to form 3 moles of NaBr.

To determine the number of NaBr formula units formed, we need to convert the given quantities into moles.

Given:

Number of NBr3 molecules = 50

Number of NaOH formula units = 57

To convert the number of NBr3 molecules to moles, we need to divide the given quantity by Avogadro's number. Similarly, for NaOH formula units, we can directly consider them as moles.

Using Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol), we can calculate the number of moles for NBr3 and NaOH:

Number of moles of NBr3 = 50 / (6.022 x 10^23)

Number of moles of NaOH = 57

Now, we can use the mole ratios from the balanced equation to determine the number of moles of NaBr formed. From the equation, we know that 2 moles of NBr3 react to form 3 moles of NaBr.

Number of moles of NaBr = (Number of moles of NBr3) x (3 moles of NaBr / 2 moles of NBr3)

Finally, we can convert the number of moles of NaBr to the number of NaBr formula units using Avogadro's number:

Number of NaBr formula units = (Number of moles of NaBr) x Avogadro's number

Calculating these values, we find that 50 NBr3 molecules and 57 NaOH formula units react to form 150 NaBr formula units.

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The answer to the question is 0.8055 as the answer should not include units in it.

Molarity (M) = n/v

n = moles of solute

v = liters of solution

According to question

1% solution → 1 gram of solute for 100 milliliters of solution

2% solution → 2 grams of solute for 100 milliliters of solution

6% NaClO solution → 6 grams of NaClO (solute) for 100 milliliters of solution

Molar mass of NaClO = (22.98 + 35.5 + 16)g/mol = 74.48 g/mol

Atomic mass of Na = 22.98 g/mol

Atomic mass of Cl = 35.5 g/mol

Atomic mass of O = 16 g/mol

1 mol NaClO = 74.48 grams NaClO

74.48 grams NaClO = 1 mol NaClO

6 grams NaClO = (1×6) / 74.48 mole = 0.08055 mole

As unit molarity is mole / liter

So 100 milliliters = 0.1 liters

1 liter = 1000 milliliters

100 milliliters = 100/1000 liters = 0.1 liters

Molarity of NaClO = moles of solute (NaClO) / liters of solution or volume of solution

Molarity of NaClO = 0.08055 / 0.1 mole/L =  0.8055 mole/L

As in question it is mentioned that 'Do not type units into your answer'

So, Molarity of NaClO in clorox bleach = 0.8055

Thus we find out the value of molarity of NaClO in Clorox bleach which came out to be 0.8055 as we dont have to give the answer with units.

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Amino acids, which are hydrophobic in nature (fear of water), are mainly found in spherical proteins.

What are amino acids?

Amino acids are organic compounds, which combine to form proteins. They are essential to life and the building blocks of proteins, which are the building blocks of life. Amino acids are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen atoms and have both acidic and basic properties. They are found in the body and in food sources, and can be used by the body to make proteins and other molecules. The general rule is that the higher the hydrophobicity, the deeper the amino acid is embedded in the protein. They are classified as non-polar hydrophobic (aliphatic/aromatic). These are G (glycine), A (alanine), V (valine), I (isoleucine), L (leucine), M (methionine), P (proline), F (phenylalanine), W (tryptophan).

Although glycine is hydrophobic in nature, its contribution to hydrophobicity is negligible due to its small structure, which is why amino acids with hydrophobic nature are likely to accumulate within the globular proteins.

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The solubility of calcite decreases with increasing water temperature, this can help in washing clothes as the calcite will get deposited at the bottom because of its less solubility and clothes can be washed easily.

Calcite also known as calcium carbonate is nearly insoluble in water because of the strong electrostatic force of attraction that exists in the calcium carbonate molecules. Thus, when a system's water temperature rises, less carbon dioxide (CO₂) dissolves in the water, which leads to calcite precipitating. The degree of solubility of calcium carbonate falls as the water temperature rises.

Hence, when the temperature rises the calcite precipitates and thus gets deposits at the bottom, and hence for hard water circumstances, which have an acidic environment, calcium carbonate soaps are excellent. To eliminate undesirable, intractable stains, calcium carbonate generates an alkaline medium that is perfect for detergents. Thus clothes are washed easily.

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Answer:

(i) specific heat

(ii) latent heat of vaporization

(iii) latent heat of fusion

Explanation:

i. Q = mcΔT; identify c.

Here, Q is heat, m is the mass, c is the specific heat and ΔT is the change in temperature.

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of substance of mass 1 kg by 1 degree C is known as the specific heat.  

ii. Q = mLvapor; identify Lvapor

Here, Q is the heat, m is the mass and L is the latent heat of vaporization.

The amount of heat required to convert the 1 kg liquid into 1 kg vapor at constant temperature.  

iii. Q = mLfusion; identify Lfusion

Here, Q is the heat, m is the mass and L is the latent heat of fusion.  

Here, Q is the heat, m is the mass and L is the latent heat of vaporization.

The amount of heat required to convert the 1 kg solid  into 1 kg liquid at constant temperature.  

(i) c is the molar heat capacity of the substance.

(ii) Lvapor is the latent heat of evaporation of the substance

(iii) Lfusion is the latent heat of fusion of the substance

All the 3 equations fall under Calorimetry.

In all the equation Q is the amount of heat required.

(i) First equation represents the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance of mass m.

                          Q = mcΔT

       here c is the molar heat capacity of the substance and ΔT is the chnage in temperature.

(ii) Second equation represents the amount of heat required to convert a substance of mass m from liquid phase to vapour phase.

                          Q = mLvapor

        here Lvapor is the latent heat of evaporation of the substance

during evaporation no change in temperature occurs.      

(iii) Third equation represents the amount of heat required to convert a substance of mass m from solid phase to liquid phase.

                          Q = mLfusion

        here Lfusion is the latent heat of fusion or melting of the substance

during fusion no change in temperature occurs.    

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All the chemical equations of this question has been balanced for the  given observed reactions.

Equal numbers and types of each atom appear on both sides of balanced chemical equations. A balanced equation must have coefficients that are the simplest whole number ratio. Chemical reactions always conserve mass.

A. Ba(NO₃)₂+ Na₂CO₃ → BaCO₃ + 2NaNO₃

B. Ba₂⁺ + 2NO₃⁻ + 2Na⁺ +CO₃²⁻→ BaCO₃(s) +2Na⁺ +2NO³⁻

C. Net ionic equation-

   Ba²⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)→ BaCO₃(s)

D. overall reaction-

   3Ba(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2Na₃PO₄→ Ba₃(PO₄)₂(s) + 6NaNO₃(aq)

E. Ionic equation-

   Ba(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2NaCl(aq)→ BaCl₂(aq) + 2NaNO₃(aq)

  ∴ No reaction

F- Ba(NO₃)₂(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Ba(OH)₂(aq) +2NaNO₃(aq)

 ∴No net ionic equation.

Thus, all equations are balanced above.

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Answer:

Gravity

Explanation:

Electromagnetic radiation is self-sustaining energy with electric and magnetic field components.

Answer:

To determine the amount of a 70% acid solution and a 20% solution needed to produce a 45% solution, we can set up a system of equations based on the principles of concentration and volume.

Let's assume that x mL of the 70% acid solution needs to be mixed with (200 - x) mL of the 20% solution.

The total amount of acid in the resulting mixture can be calculated as follows:

0.70x + 0.20(200 - x) = 0.45(200)

Now, let's solve this equation to find the value of x:

0.70x + 40 - 0.20x = 90

0.70x - 0.20x = 90 - 40

0.50x = 50

x = 50 / 0.50

x = 100

Therefore,

100 mL of the 70% acid solution needs to be mixed with (200 - 100) = 100 mL of the 20% solution to produce 200 mL of a 45% solution

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Answer: Measures the amount of space occupied by an object

Equals the displacement of an object in water Lacks physical dimension Can be measured in milliliters or cubic centimeters

Explanation:

The statements which are true about volume are;

Discussion:

The volume of an object is a measure of the space it occupies. On this basis is the definition of matter as an object that occupies space.

Additionally, when an object is immersed in water; it's volume equals the volume occupied by the water displaced by it.

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Minerals with an electric charge called electrolytes are found in your body. They can be found in various bodily fluids such as urine, tissues, and blood.

Why are electrolytes important?

Electrolytes are crucial because they aid in:

The many electrolytes include sodium, calcium, potassium, chloride, phosphate, and magnesium. They come from the foods we consume and the liquids we drink.

The body's electrolyte levels might get too high or too low when the body's water balance changes. The amount of water we consume and lose should be equal. If something throws off this equilibrium, we can be dehydrated or have too much water on our body (overhydration).

The water balance can be thrown off by a number of factors, including some medications, nausea, diarrhea, perspiration, and liver or kidney issues.

We can regulate the imbalance with the aid of treatment. Additionally, the cause of the imbalance must be determined and addressed.

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It takes energy to dissolve connections. Energy is released as a result of the creation of bonds.

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ZnS is the chemical formula of the  zinc sulphide. Zinc sulphide contain two ions i.e. ( Zn ⁺² ) and ( S ⁻² ) ion present in zinc sulphide.

A Bronsted - Lowry acid or Lewis acid is a molecule or ion that has the ability to donate a proton or establish a covalent bond with an electron pair. Proton donors, also known as Bronsted - Lowry acids, are the first class of acids.

Any hydrogen containing material that has the ability to donate a proton (hydrogen ion) to another chemical is considered an acid. A base is a molecule or ion that can take up an acid's hydrogen ion. Typically, sour tastes help to identify acidic chemicals.

Thus, ZnS is the chemical formula of the  zinc sulphide. Zinc sulphide contain two ions i.e. ( Zn ⁺² ) and ( S ⁻² ) ion present in zinc sulphide.

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The different possible ways of arranging the particles of a system are called states. The greater the number of these states, the higher the entropy of the system.

By ascribing definite values to a satisfactory amount of variables, one can define the state of a system. In simple terms, it is the description of a system condition in terms of properties that are measurable or observable, for example, pressure, temperature, etc.

Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system, and an increase in the number of states corresponds to an increase in entropy. The S.I. unit for entropy is joules per kelvin. Entropy is a measurable physical property. In a thermodynamic system, it is an extensive property.

Example: There is an increase in entropy when a block of ice melts.

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Answer:

PFAS molecules are made up of a chain of linked carbon and fluorine atoms. Because the carbon-fluorine bond is one of the strongest, these chemicals do not degrade in the environment.

Answer:

Tests for unsaturation involves addition across the multiple bonds in the unsaturated compound.

Explanation:

In organic chemistry, we define an unsaturated compound as any compound that contains a double or triple bond. These multiple bonds are also known as pi bonds.

There are two major tests for unsaturation which shall both be discussed here.

The first test for unsaturation is by the use of bromine water. The unknown sample is passed through a solution of bromine water which normally appears reddish brown. The bromine water becomes decolorized due to addition of bromine across the multiple bond. This is a standard test for unsaturation.

Secondly, unsaturated compounds decoulourize a solution of potassium permanganate when passed through it. This alone can not be used as a distinctive test for unsaturation.

Propenoic acid will give a positive test to the both reagents showing that it contains multiple bonds, in this particular instance, a double bond.

Answer: all can be affected by the natural environment ( not sure answer hope it helped)

Explanation:

Matter are anything that is made up of atoms. The quantity of matter can be observed only on the basis of mass and volume calculation. Therefore, rock, air and water all are matter.

Matter is a substance that has some mass and can occupy some volume. The matter is mainly used in science. Matter can be solid, liquid or gas.

Matter is anything that is made up of atoms. Anything around us that can be physically seen and touched are matter. Ice, water and water vapors are example of matter.

So as we saw that matter has some mass so mass can be measured in gram only. Mass can also be represented as number of molecules. We also saw that matter occupy some volume and that volume is measured only in liter. Rock, air and water all are matter.

Therefore, rock, air and water all are matter.

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The total mass of 4 tin is in grams is 580 grams and in kg is 0.58kg.

One tin of chopped tomatoes weight is 145 grams

and we have to calculate it for 4

so for 4

145*4 =580 grams

and we have to change it into kilograms so

580 /1000  = .58kg

By 1,000, divide the number of grams.

To convert from grams to kilograms, simply divide by 1,000 because there are 1,000 grams in every kilogram. If necessary, construct the equation using fractions. Put the number of grams over 1 and divide it by the conversion factor, which is 1 kg / 1,000 g. Your answer in kilograms will result from the cancellation of the grams. Remember to use the appropriate units to mark your response.

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When a high voltage is applied to a tube filled with hydrogen gas, the gas emits a pinkish glow. This glow is the result of the excitation and de-excitation of hydrogen atoms. Specifically, when an electron is excited from its ground state to a higher energy level, it gains energy and moves farther away from the nucleus. When it falls back down to a lower energy level, it releases the extra energy as light.

One way to explain this behavior is using the Bohr model of the atom, which proposes that electrons orbit the nucleus in discrete energy levels. In this model, the energy of an electron is proportional to its distance from the nucleus, and electrons can only occupy certain energy levels. When an electron is excited by the high voltage in the tube, it jumps to a higher energy level.

When it falls back down, it emits a photon of light with a specific energy corresponding to the difference in energy between the two levels. The observed spectrum of light emitted by hydrogen in gas discharge tubes is consistent with the energy differences predicted by the Bohr model.

Another way to explain the behavior of hydrogen in gas discharge tubes is using the quantum mechanical model of the atom. This model proposes that electrons are not confined to specific orbits but instead exist as a probability cloud around the nucleus. In this model, the energy of an electron is quantized, meaning it can only take on certain discrete values. When an electron is excited in this model, it transitions to a higher energy state and emits a photon when it returns to a lower energy state.

Overall, both the Bohr model and the quantum mechanical model can explain the behavior of hydrogen in gas discharge tubes. The experimental evidence, such as the observed spectrum of light emitted by hydrogen, is consistent with both models. However, the quantum mechanical model provides a more detailed and accurate description of the behavior of electrons in atoms.

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A buffer system is designed to maintain a specific pH level (option c).

Buffer systems are essential in biological and chemical processes as they prevent significant changes in pH by resisting alterations in acidity or alkalinity. They consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base (or a weak base and its conjugate acid). When an acid or base is added to the buffer system, the weak acid or base reacts with the added component, minimizing the change in pH.

The buffer system achieves this by absorbing or releasing hydrogen ions (H+) to maintain a relatively constant pH. This ability to regulate pH is crucial for various physiological functions, such as maintaining proper enzyme activity and cellular processes.

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Fresh water collection areas is the area where you can find most of the

world's drinking water.

This is the type of water which contains low amount of dissolved salts and

solid particles which makes it very suitable for drinking.

Examples of Freshwater collection areas include the following:

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Answer: The correct answer is 4.956 * 10^7.

Explanation:

For Electrostatic force,

Given qA =1.2 × 10∧-6 C (Since 1 micron = 10∧-6)

qB=0.92 ×10∧-6 C Since 1 micron = 10∧-6)

r = 4.8m

Electrostatic force = (K×qA×qB)÷r∧2 where K is Coulomb's constant or electrostatic constant =8.98755×10∧9

Therefore Electrostatic energy =(8.98755×10∧9×1.2×0.92×10∧-12)÷4.8∧2

                                                   =0.00043065 N ················ eq1

Now for Gravitational force,

mA=2Kg ,mB=1.5Kg ,r=4.8m,G is Gravitational constant =6.67408 × 10-11 N m2 kg-2

Gravitational force=(G×mA×mB)÷r∧-2

                               =(6.67408 × 10-11 ×2×1.5)÷4.8∧-2

                                 =0.869021875 ×10∧-11 N...............eq2

Ratio of electric and gravitational force between ‘A’ and ‘B’ = eq1÷eq2

                                                                                 =49555714.5785

Electrostatic force occurs due to interaction either between like charges that is either between positive-positive or negative negative charges or between unlike charges like positive-negative. Its strength  depends on the charges and the distance between the charges which decreases as the distance increases.

Gravitational  force occurs due to the fact every particle attracts each and every other particle in the universe. Its strength  depends on the mass  and the distance between the particles which decreases as the distance increases.

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Answer: B

Explanation: molarity = concentration c= n/V = 0.5 mol/ 0.05 l = 10 mol/l

The molarity of  a solution is the number of moles of its solute divided by volume in liters. The molarity of the 50 ml solution containing 0.5 moles of potassium fluoride is 10 M or 10 molar.

Molarity is a common term used to express the concentration of a solution. It is the ratio of number of moles of solute particles to the volume of solution in liters. Hence, its unit is mol/L or molar.

The molarity of a solution is a colligative quantity as well as temperature dependent.

Given,

no.of moles of potassium fluoride salt in water = 0.5 moles.

volume of solution = 50 ml

1 L = 1000 ml

then 50 ml = 0.05 L.

Molarity = no.of moles of solute/ volume of solution in L

M = 0.5 moles/ 0.05 L

   = 10 M.

Therefore, the molarity of the given solution is 10 molar.

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Answer:

A Valence electron are the electrons in the outermost shell or energy level of an atom.

Together with the creation of H2O, a covalent bond is created between a carbon and a nitrogen atom.

When two amino acids come together, a peptide bond is created.

It entails the release of water together with the fusion of the carboxyl group of one amino acid (COOH) with the amino group of another amino acid (NH2) (H2O).

Because a carbon atom (C) and a nitrogen atom (N) share electrons, a peptide bond is a sort of covalent link (N).

Hence, along with the creation of H2O, the reaction depicted in the graphic attached also results in the development of a covalent bond between a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom.

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P1 = P2 and since momentum is conserved, 21 = (6.0)(2.77) + (0.70). (vpin). 4.38 = 0.70 vpin, vpin = 6.3 m/s to the right, 21 = 16.62 + 0.70 vpin, 

The bowling ball is solely affected by friction, hence Ff is used in place of F and equals mass times acceleration. The normal force (mass times gravity) multiplied by the friction coefficient equals the friction force, which also equals mass times acceleration.

The falling ball travels a distance of d = 12 9.8 (m/s2) t2, with a speed of v = 9.8 (m/s2) t as a function of time. The ball travels 4.9 m in a second. The falling ball's velocity is v = -9.8 (m/s2) t j, and its position is r = (4.9 m - 12 9.8 (m/s2) t2) j as a function of time.

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