how many electrons are in the electron cloud of carbon?

Answer:

1.02 (or 1.03 if rounded)

Explanation:

Given 16.4 grams of oxygen gas, you would want to write that down to set up your unit conversions.

16.4 g O2/1 * 1 mol of O2/31.998 g O2 * 2 mol H2O/1 mol O2

Multiply the numbers on the top and divide that by the product of the numbers on the bottom.

16.4 * 1 * 2 = 32.8

1 * 31.998 * 1 = 31.998

32.8/31.998 = 1.025...

Don't forget to consider the number of significant figures if it asks!

The radius of a calcium atom is 1.97 x 10^-8 cm.

What is lattice energy?

Lattice energy is the amount of energy needed to change one mole of an ionic solid into its gaseous ionic components. It can also be described as the amount of energy required to endothermically split one mole of an ionic crystal into gaseous ions in a vacuum.

What is radius?

The atomic radius is determined by measuring the distance between an atom's nucleus and its outermost shell.

Mass of 4 Ca atoms in fcc unit cell = 4 x 40.08/6.023 x 10^23

                                                       = 2.66 x 10^-22 g/unit cell

Volume of unit cell = 2.66 x 10^-22/1.54

                              = 1.73 x 10^-22 cm^3

Edge length (d) = cube rt.(1.73 x 10^-22)

                         = 5.57 x 10^-8 cm

radius of calcium atom = 5.57 x 10^-8/(sq.rt.(8))

                                    = 1.97 x 10^-8 cm

Therefore, the radius of a calcium atom is 1.97 x 10^-8 cm.

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So

\(\\ \tt\longmapsto C\propto BP\)

Look the table below for the boiling points of some alkanes

\(\boxed{\begin{array}{c|c}\boxed{\bf Alkane}&\boxed{\bf Boiling point}\\ \sf CH_4&\sf -164°C \\ \sf C_2H_6 &\sf -88.6°C \\ \sf C_3H_8&\sf 42.1°C \\ \sf C_4H_{10} &\sf -0.5°C \\ \sf C_5H_{12} &\sf 36.1°C \\ \sf C_6H_{14} &\sf 68.9°C \\ \sf C_7H_{16} &\sf 98.4°C \\ \sf C_8H_{18} &\sf 125.7°C \\ \sf C_9H_{20} &\sf 150.4°C \\ \sf C_{10}H_{22} &\sf 150.7°C \end{array}}\)

Answer:Donates a hydrogen ion

Explanation:

To find the percent by volume concentration for 50.00 ml of a 50% NaCl solution added to more solvent to make 120.00ml of solution, we need to use the following equation:

Volume (V) = Concentration (C) x Amount (A)

We know the amount (A) of NaCl is 50.00 ml, and we know the concentration (C) is 50%. Therefore, we can rearrange the equation to solve for V:

V = 50% x 50.00 ml

V = 25.00 ml

We also know that the total volume of the solution is 120.00 ml, so we can subtract 25.00 ml from 120.00 ml to get the volume of the solvent.
120.00 ml - 25.00 ml = 95.00 ml of solvent

To calculate the percent by volume concentration, we need to divide the volume of NaCl (25.00 ml) by the total volume (120.00 ml) and multiply by 100%.
25.00 ml/120.00 ml x 100% = 20.83%

Therefore, the percent by volume concentration of 50.00 ml of a 50% NaCl solution added to more solvent to make 120.00ml of solution is 20.83%.

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Answer:

35.453g/mol is the average atomic mass of the element

Explanation:

The average atomic mass of an element is defined as the sum of the mass of its isotopes multiplied by its natural abundance.

The element of the problem has 2 isotopes:

The first with a mass of 34.969g/mol and its abundance is 75.77%

The second has a mass of 36.966g/mol and its abundance is 24.23%

Its natural abundance is:

34.969g/mol * 75.77% + 36.966g/mol * 24.23%

Mitosis is conventionally divided into 5 phases, which include prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase and cytokinesis.

Interphase

Before coming into mitosis, a mobile spends a length of its increase underneath interphase.

Prophase

Prophase straight away follows the S and G2 levels of the cycle and is marked by way of condensation of the genetic fabric to form compact mitotic chromosomes composed of  chromatids attached at the centromere.

Prometaphase

In the prometaphase, the nuclear envelop disintegrates. Now the microtubules are allowed to extend from the centromere to the chromosome.

Metaphase

At this level, the microtubules start pulling the chromosomes with equal pressure and the chromosome ends up in the center of the cell. This area is referred to as the metaphase plate.

Anaphase

The splitting of the sister chromatids marks the onset of anaphase. These sister chromatids end up the chromosome of the daughter nuclei.

Telophase

The chromosomes that cluster at the two poles start coalescing into an undifferentiated mass, because the nuclear envelope begins forming round it.

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Sodium chloride is white, crystalline solid at room temperature.

It is a compound whose components atoms are sodium and chlorine.

The atoms of the two elements combine chemically through an ionic bond. The sodium donates it valence electron to the chlorine atom.

Thus, sodium chloride is an ionic compound. It has a characteristic white appearance and crystalline structure.

The compound is a solid at room temperature. It has a melting point of 801 °C.

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INFORMATION:

We need to determine which is another name for petroleum

STEP BY STEP EXPLANATION:

To determine it, we need to know that:

Petroleum also receives other names such as natural oil, mineral oil, stone oil, noble oil and black oil.

Now, knowing that, we can state that another valid term for petroleum could be oil.

ANSWER:

B. Oil

Answer:

7.08 cm

Explanation:

For number 1;

Rf = d1/d2

d1/12 cm

Rf = 1.0

d1 = 12 * 1

d1 = 12.0 cm

For number 2

Rf = d1/d2

Rf = 0.41

0.41= d1/12

d1 = 0.41 * 12

d1 = 4.92 cm

Separation distance= 12.0 - 4.92 = 7.08 cm

The adjacent nucleotides are bound to each other through a phosphodiester bond in a nucleic acid.

Nucleic acid is a biopolymer made up of nucleotide monomers that make up nucleic acid chains. The nucleotide's three components are a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Nucleic acids are present in all living cells, including viruses and bacteria, and they play a critical role in storing, transmitting, and expressing genetic information. RNA and DNA are two types of nucleic acids.

The phosphate group in one nucleotide forms a phosphodiester bond with the hydroxyl group on the sugar molecule of the next nucleotide in line in nucleic acids. This reaction is carried out by removing a molecule of water, resulting in a strong covalent bond between two nucleotides. These bonds make up the sugar-phosphate backbone of a nucleic acid chain, which is fundamental to its structure.

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Answer:

Boiling water- When water boils, the heat passes from the burner into the pot, heating the water at the bottom. This hot water rises and cooler water moves down to replace it, causing a circular motion. ... ice melting - Ice melts because heat moves to the ice from the air.

Explanation: mark me brainlliest pls (also hopes this helps!!)

Answer:

102 g Al₂O₃

Explanation:

To find the mass of Al₂O₃, you need to (1) convert grams Al to moles Al (via molar mass), then (2) convert moles Al to moles Al₂O₃ (via mole-to-mole ratio from reaction coefficients), and then (3) convert moles Al₂O₃ to grams Al₂O₃ (via molar mass). It is important to arrange the ratios in a way that allows for the cancellation of units. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to reflect the given values.

Molar Mass (Al): 26.98 g/mol

Molar Mass (Al₂O₃): 101.96 g/mol

4 Al + 3 O₂ ---> 2 Al₂O₃

54.0 g Al          1 mole             2 moles Al₂O₃         101.96 g
--------------  x  -----------------  x  -----------------------  x  ----------------  =  102 g Al₂O₃
                        26.98 g               4 moles Al            1 mole

Answer: 102 for 54.0 and 136 for 64.0

Explanation:

The naturally occurring radioisotope is 232Th (Thorium-232).

Thorium-232 is a naturally occurring isotope of thorium, an element found in the Earth's crust. It is a fertile isotope that can undergo a series of radioactive decay, eventually leading to the production of other radioactive isotopes.

Thorium-232 itself is not highly radioactive but can serve as a precursor for the production of other isotopes, such as uranium-233, through nuclear reactions. These nuclear reactions are used in energy production.

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In order to measure system temperature, one needs to be able to measure some property of the system that depends linearly on the temperature. One method to measure temperature is to monitor the pressure inside a rigid airtight bulb filled with air and immersed in the system of interest. The pressure inside the bulb should read 760 Torr when immersed in a boiling water bath.

In order to determine a conversion equation between the pressure in the bulb and the temperature, we need to first consider a thermometer that operates on the principle of the expansion of a liquid in a capillary. This conventional method can be used to measure the temperature of the system of interest. It works on the principle that the volume of a liquid expands linearly with increasing temperature.The pressure inside the bulb and temperature are related according to the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature.

This relationship is linear, provided the volume of the bulb remains constant and the number of moles of gas does not change.When the bulb is immersed in and allowed to come to equilibrium with an ice water bath, the pressure reads 470 Torr. At the boiling point of water, the pressure is 760 Torr.

Therefore, the pressure inside the bulb should read 760 Torr when immersed in a boiling water bath.

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Answer:

The independent variable is the cause. Its value is independent of other variables in your study.

The dependent variable is the effect. Its value depends on changes in the independent variable.

Ex: The ice cube melts on the stove.

Dependent variable: Ice Cube

Independent variable: heat of stove

Answer:

In an experiment, the IV(independent variable) is a variable that is changed to see how it affects something else, and the DV (dependent variable)is a variable that is being measured/observed.

hope this help!

please mark as brainiest <3

Answer:

Explanation:

This is the answer because no matter how much of the superconductor material is present  the resistance of the superconducting material still drops to zero when the material is cooled to very low temperatures

                                         Answer and Explanation

According to Science J Rank,

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Heat energy is the movement of energy from one object to another. It is also called thermal energy. It can move in three ways: through conduction, convection, or radiation.

__________________________________________________________

Conduction occurs when heat moves directly from one object to another. What happens when you leave your car parked in a sunny parking lot on a hot day? The heat of the sun passes directly through the metal of the car and heats the air (and seats) on the inside.

__________________________________________________________

Energy Hot vehicles in the summer are a form of heat energy.

Convection is the movement of hot liquids or gases. For example, when you boil water, the liquid nearest the flame heats up first. As it gets hot, it rises, and the cooler water goes to the bottom where it gets heated. This continues until the water is boiled.

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Radiant energy is the energy created through electromagnetic waves, such as light, heat, or radio waves. The sun is our major source of radiant energy because it gives off a great amount of heat and light. Scientists use the electromagnetic spectrum to discuss the types of radiant energy. The electromagnetic spectrum lists all the types of radiant energy by the length of their waves. The shorter the wave, the more energy and heat are created.

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A huge maze of wires in every house carries electrical energy to do many different jobs, from lighting your home to cooking food.

Electricity starts at the atomic level. Atoms are made up of a nucleus, protons, and electrons. We create electricity by forcing electrons to move from atom to atom. Electrical energy is the movement of electrons through a conductor. A conductor is a material that can carry electricity, like the wiring in homes.

__________________________________________________________

Generators create the electricity used in our everyday lives, but other forms of electric energy occur naturally.

Lightning occurs when electrons are discharged from a cloud. Lightning is so powerful that if we could capture the electricity in a single bolt, it could power our entire home for days.

__________________________________________________________

Static Electricity occurs when an object (or person) gets charged with electrons. You may have experienced this when scuffing your feet on a carpet and then touching a doorknob. The electrons you built up jump from your hand to the metal of the doorknob, causing a powerful shock!

__________________________________________________________

Chemicals contain stored, or potential, energy to hold their atoms together. When chemicals are mixed together, a reaction can occur. Chemical energy is the energy released through a chemical reaction.

We can use the heat that these reactions give off. We can use it to cook, to heat our homes, and to burn the gasoline that moves our cars.

One of the major uses of chemical energy is to help produce electrical energy. Coal, gas, and other fuels are burned to run electric generators.

The chemical energy in batteries is changed into the electrical energy we need to run everything from flashlights to toys.

__________________________________________________________

Atoms are so small that until recently even the most powerful microscopes could not see them. Yet when we split the nucleus of an atom, a tremendous amount of energy is released. Nuclear energy is the potential energy stored in the nucleus of an atom.

In a nuclear power plant, a reactor is used to split uranium atoms. This heat is used to turn water to steam. The steam powers a generator that creates electricity.

Nuclear power plants create about 20 percent of the electricity in the United States. Coal, oil, and natural gas help produce the rest.

__________________________________________________________

Hope this helps! <3

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Answer:

b

Explanation:

cause if so it like more stable when the molten part thing happened

Answer:

I think it might be a closed system

Answer:

its A reduces stress :)))

Explanation:

According to Le Chatelier’s principle, a system in chemical equilibrium responds to stress by shifting the equilibrium in a direction that reduces the stress.

Le Chatelier’s principle states that when a chemical equilibrium become imbalance by any change such as change in concentration, temperature, pressure etc. the system will reduces this stress by creating a new equilibrium  state.

By this principle, when temperature increases for an endothermic system, forward reaction will takes place more since the temperature is absorbed there.

Similarly, when the concentration of any reactant increases, the reaction will turn to that direction in  which that reactant is consumed more. If any loss the volume, then the equilibrium will shifts to that direction in which the that substance is produced.

Hence, the system will somehow manage the imbalance by reducing the stress occurred.

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Answer:

is also

Explanation:

if iron is a mineral then a nail is a mineral to

Answer:

Explanation:

When you are pedaling the bike, it is transforming chemical energy, supplied by the breakdown of the food you eat (any food), into mechanical energy to turn the pedals (energy we produce). The chemical energy is potential and the mechanical energy is kinetic.

Hope this helps :)

The methods used to separate:

In chemistry, separation refers to the process of separating the constituents of a mixture into distinct entities.

This can be accomplished by the use of several techniques such as filtering, crystallization, distillation, and chromatography, which are selected based on the qualities of the substances being separated and the required level of purity.

Separation is an essential feature of chemical analysis that is utilized in a variety of applications such as purifying substances, identifying and measuring the components of a mixture, and preparing samples for future investigation.

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Answer:  Count only the electrons in the highest shell s and p orbitals when determining valence.

Explanation:  I'm glad you asked this question.  It is often not well explained.   The term valence electrons is assigned to only the electrons in an element's highest energy level.  These reside only in the s and p orbitals, and not the d or f, as I'll explain later.  The s orbital can hold 2 electrons and the p can hold 6.  Potassium, K, has an s orbital in its highest energy shell, 4.  It contains only 1 electron, so it has a valency of 1.  

Calcium, Ca, has 2 in its highest energy level: 4s^2, so it has a valency of 2.   Moving to the right, the element scandium, Sc, add another electron, but it goes into the 3d orbital.  3d is in the 3rd energy shell, so it is not counted as a valence electron.  Only after we move further right, to gallium, Ga, do we start adding electrons to the 4th energy level again - the 4p orbitals can accept up to 6 electrons.  Ga has 3 valence electrons - 2 in the 4s and 1 in the 4p.  Oxygen has 2 in the 2s and 4 in the 4p orbitals, for a total of 6.  It is close to having a comple outer shell (2 in the 2s and 6 in the 2p).  Just 2 more electrons would fill both the 2s and 2p orbitals for a total of 8 valence electrons, a stable configuration (the same configuration as thje stable gas Neon).