The total number of ATP equivalents produced is 3 + 9 + 2 + 1 = 15 ATP equivalents.
The complete oxidation of one pyruvate to 3Co generates a total of 10 ATP equivalents.
1. First, one pyruvate molecule is converted into acetyl CoA in a process called pyruvate decarboxylation. During this step, one NADH molecule is produced.
2. Acetyl CoA then enters the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle) where it undergoes a series of reactions that produce energy-rich molecules. In the citric acid cycle, each acetyl CoA molecule produces three NADH molecules, one FADH2 molecule, and one ATP (or GTP) molecule.
3. Each NADH molecule generated in the citric acid cycle can be converted into three ATP equivalents through oxidative phosphorylation. This process involves the transfer of electrons from NADH to the electron transport chain, which pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The resulting proton gradient is then used by ATP synthase to produce ATP.
4. Additionally, the FADH2 molecule produced in the citric acid cycle can be converted into two ATP equivalents through oxidative phosphorylation.
Summing up the ATP equivalents produced from the complete oxidation of one pyruvate to 3Co:
- Pyruvate decarboxylation: 1 NADH (3 ATP equivalents)
- Citric acid cycle: 3 NADH (9 ATP equivalents), 1 FADH2 (2 ATP equivalents), 1 ATP (1 ATP equivalent)
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how many grams of iron are needed to react to 10 moles of oxygen
The __________ was passed in the early 1990s, which helped Americans with disabilities with access to public venues.
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed in the early 1990s, which helped Americans with disabilities with access to public venues.
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was passed in the early 1990s, specifically in 1990, to address the barriers and discrimination faced by individuals with disabilities. The ADA is a landmark civil rights law that provides comprehensive protection and ensures equal opportunities for people with disabilities in various aspects of life, including access to public venues. The ADA prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in public accommodations, such as restaurants, theaters, hotels, stores, and other establishments that are open to the public. It requires these venues to make reasonable modifications to their policies, practices, and physical structures to ensure accessibility for individuals with disabilities. This includes installing ramps, accessible entrances, elevators, accessible restrooms, and other accommodations that enable people with disabilities to navigate and participate fully in public life.
The ADA has had a significant impact on the lives of Americans with disabilities by promoting inclusion and equal access. It has facilitated greater independence, improved employment opportunities, and enhanced overall participation in society. Through its enactment, the ADA has helped to create a more inclusive and accessible environment, breaking down barriers and fostering a society that values diversity and equal rights for all.
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Mendeleev saw trends in the physical and chemical properties of elements when he organized them by
Mendeleev saw trends in the physical and chemical properties of elements when he organized them by atomic mass.
What did Mendeleev organized?When Mendeleev arranged the elements by increasing the atomic mass, the properties were repeated continuously because they have the similar characteristics. This system is now known as the periodic table.
So we can conclude that Mendeleev saw trends in the physical and chemical properties of elements when he organized them by atomic mass.
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a chemical equation is a statement using chemical that expresses both the identities and the relative of the reactants and products involved in a chemical or physical change. multiple choice question. numbers; masses formulas; quantities formulas; masses names; quantities
A chemical equation is a statement using chemical formulas expresses both the identities and the relative quantities of the reactants and products involved in a chemical or physical change. The correct answer is B.
An expression of the identities and relative quantities of the reactants and products involved in a chemical or physical transformation is called a chemical equation. Chemical equations are statements made using chemical formulas.
What exactly is a chemical equation?In chemical equations, variables like the direction of a reaction and the physical states of the reacting parties are represented by symbols. In 1615, the French chemist Jean Beguin created the first chemical equation.
Chemical equations, such as the one below, can be used to depict chemical reactions on paper (for the reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to form water).
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The number of collisions between the particles of hydrogen and nitrogen is increased by using high
pressure and _______
What one word completes the sentence?
Answer:
temperature
Explanation:
increase in temperature increases the rate of reaction
SOMEONE HELP ILL BRAINLISTTTTTTY. Write in your own wordsss. I’ll give you 70 points and a brainlist in total. Which is enough write it in full sentence summarise a paragraph or so not too long but yeah make it make sense.
1) Give a specific example of a species of plant or animal that had been identified as ‘vulnerable’ or ‘endangered’ or ‘extinct’ as a result of water pollution. Give details - where, when and why did it happen?
Answer:
Explanation:
Hawksbill turtles were identified as endangered due to water pollution. Chemical pollutants can weaken turtle's immune systems making them prone to diseases. Plastic packaging, nylon fishing lines etc can be eaten by turtles or they may get stuck in them resulting in death.
sorry this is the only details i can give
Qiuzlet which shows the correct relationship between the molecular formula and the empirical formula for c2h10n2?
The correct relationship between the molecular formula and the empirical formula for C2H10N2 is that the empirical formula is CH5N.
The molecular formula represents the actual number of atoms of each element in a compound, while the empirical formula represents the simplest ratio of the atoms of each element in a compound. To determine the empirical formula, we need to divide the subscripts in the molecular formula by their greatest common divisor.
In the molecular formula C2H10N2, we divide the subscripts by 2 to get the simplest ratio. This gives us the empirical formula CH5N. The subscripts in the empirical formula represent the number of atoms of each element in one molecule of the compound.
Therefore, the correct relationship between the molecular formula C2H10N2 and the empirical formula CH5N is that the empirical formula represents the simplest ratio of atoms in the compound.
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Methane gas contributes to the greenhouse effect that is raising atmospheric temperatures. A large portion of all methane emission is from grazing cattle because cows harbor methane-producing archaea from the _______ group.
Methane gas contributes to the greenhouse effect that is raising atmospheric temperatures. A large portion of all methane emission is from grazing cattle because cows harbor methane-producing archaea from the Methanogen group.
Archaea is one of the three domains of life. In extreme environments, these microorganisms are widely distributed. They have been discovered in a wide range of habitats, including freshwater, marine, and hypersaline environments. Some are even found in soils, sewage, and animal digestive tracts as methane producers. Methanogens are microorganisms that generate methane as a metabolic by-product.
The methane-producing archaea are anaerobic microorganisms that generate methane (CH4) from carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) gas. Methanogens are frequently found in the digestive tracts of grazing cattle, as well as in wetland soils, landfills, sewage, and deep subsurface environments.
The following are the primary sources of methane emission: Enteric fermentation in domestic livestock (cows, sheep, and goats)Natural wetlands Biomass burning Landfills and wastewater treatment plants Oil and gas production and distribution Agricultural cultivation Livestock management practices
The greenhouse effect is a mechanism in which Earth's atmosphere traps heat and keeps the planet warm. Without the greenhouse effect, Earth's average temperature would be around -18°C (0°F), rather than the current average of 15°C (59°F).
Methane gas contributes to the greenhouse effect that is raising atmospheric temperatures. A large portion of all methane emission is from grazing cattle because cows harbor methane-producing archaea from the Methanogen group.
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What element has the noble gas configuration [Ar]4s23d8
Answer:
argon
Explanation:
Answer:
Argon
Explanation:
A sample of NH3, gas occupies 75.0 liters at STP. How many molecules is this?
Answer:
2.016E24 same as 2.016 × 10^24
Explanation:
we have to use 2 conversion facts
22.4 and 6.02E23
1. Convert to moles of NH3 from liters of NH3
75.0 ÷ 22.4 = 3.348 moles of NH3
2. Convert to molecules of NH3 from moles of NH3
3.348 × 6.02E23 = 2.016E24 molecules of NH3
please let me know if i need to further eloborate :)
Guyton de Morveau, a French chemist, created a system for naming compounds that is still used today. For example, he said that a compound of zinc and chorine is called zinc chloride. Which of the
following is true about de Morveau's naming system?
A. The non-metallic atom is last.
B. The metallic atom is last.
C. The larger atom is first.
D. The smaller atom is first.
In de Morceau's nomenclature scheme, the smaller atom appears first.
What naming scheme is used?Nomenclature is an organism name system used in biological classification. Genus and species names, two Latinized nouns drawn from numerous sources, serve as indicators of the species to which the creature belongs.
Who created the current nomenclature for chemical substances?On August 26, 1743, Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier was born in Paris, France. He was a well-known French chemist and a key player in the 18th century chemical revolution. In addition to co-creating the current system for identifying chemical compounds, he established an experiment-based explanation of the chemical reactivity of oxygen.
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A sample of ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) has a density of 806 kg/m3 and a volume of 2.82 x 10-3 m3. (a) Determine the mass (in kg) of a molecule of ethyl alcohol, and (b) find the number of molecules in the sample.
To determine the mass of a single molecule of ethyl alcohol, we need to first calculate the mass of one mole of C2H5OH.
The molecular weight of C2H5OH is 46.07 g/mol, so one mole of C2H5OH has a mass of 46.07 grams. We can convert this to kilograms by dividing by 1000, which gives us 0.04607 kg. Next, we need to determine the number of molecules in the formula . We can do this by using Avogadro's number, which is 6.022 x 10^23 molarity per mole.
To find the number of moles in the sample, we divide the volume by the density:
mass = density x volume
mass = 806 kg/m3 x 2.82 x 10-3 m3
mass = 2.27772 kg
number of moles = mass / molecular weight
number of moles = 2.27772 kg / 46.07 g/mol
number of moles = 0.0495 mol
Finally, we can calculate the number of molecules in the sample by multiplying the number of moles by Avogadro's number: number of molecules = number of moles x Avogadro's number
number of molecules = 0.0495 mol x 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol
number of molecules = 2.978 x 10^22 molecules
In summary, the mass of a single molecule of ethyl alcohol is 7.71 x 10^-26 kg, and there are approximately 2.978 x 10^22 molecules in the given sample.
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if 150 g of gallium reacts with excess oxygen how many grams of gallium oxide will be produced?
Approximately 200.18 grams of gallium oxide will be produced when 150 grams of gallium reacts with excess oxygen.
To determine the mass of gallium oxide produced when 150 g of gallium reacts with excess oxygen, we need to understand the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between gallium and oxygen.
The balanced equation for the reaction is:
4 Ga + 3 O2 → 2 Ga2O3
From the balanced equation, we can see that 4 moles of gallium react with 3 moles of oxygen to produce 2 moles of gallium oxide (Ga2O3).
To calculate the mass of gallium oxide produced, we need to follow these steps:
Convert the mass of gallium (150 g) to moles.
The molar mass of gallium (Ga) is 69.72 g/mol. Therefore, the number of moles of gallium is:
Moles of gallium = Mass of gallium / Molar mass of gallium
= 150 g / 69.72 g/mol
≈ 2.15 moles
Determine the mole ratio between gallium and gallium oxide.
From the balanced equation, we know that 4 moles of gallium react to form 2 moles of gallium oxide. Therefore, the mole ratio is 4:2, which simplifies to 2:1.
Calculate the moles of gallium oxide produced.
Since the mole ratio is 2:1, the number of moles of gallium oxide produced is half the number of moles of gallium:
Moles of gallium oxide = 2.15 moles / 2
≈ 1.07 moles
Convert moles of gallium oxide to mass.
The molar mass of gallium oxide (Ga2O3) is 187.44 g/mol. Therefore, the mass of gallium oxide produced is:
Mass of gallium oxide = Moles of gallium oxide * Molar mass of gallium oxide
= 1.07 moles * 187.44 g/mol
≈ 200.18 g
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the normal ph of the body fluids of 7.4 is considered: slightly basic. slightly acidic. very basic. very acidic.
The normal pH of the body fluids of 7.4 is considered slightly basic in nature.
Generally, the pH of Blood ranges from 7.35-7.45 which is slightly basic or alkaline. The pH scale is a great indicator for understanding the given substance is acidic or alkaline or neutral.
The scale ranges form 1 to 14 and the divisions from 1 to 6 is considered acidic, 7 is considered neutral and 8 to 14 is considered alkaline. Since the scale of body fluids falls under 7.4, it is slightly basic.
But comparing the pH of blood with the pH of acid in the stomach, the pH of stomach is more acidic and ranges from 1.5-3.5 in the pH scale.
Therefore, the pH of blood is considered to be slightly alkaline.
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If you only know the zinc electrode (from question 5) increased by 0.25 g, can you figure out the moles of electrons transferred? (Hint: assume all increased mass is due to the reaction of zinc going to zinc oxide) 5) Zinc, Zn, is used as an anode in an electrochemical cell. Zinc oxide, ZnO, is produced in this chemical reaction. If the mass of the anode increases and forms 1.84 g of zinc oxide, how many moles of electrons were transferred?
You can figure out the moles of electrons transferred if you know that the zinc electrode increased by 0.25 g. Assuming that all the increased mass is due to the reaction of zinc going to zinc oxide, we can calculate the moles of zinc that reacted by using the molar mass of zinc. The molar mass of zinc is 65.38 g/mol. Therefore, 0.25 g of zinc is equal to: 0.25 g / 65.38 g/mol = 0.003820 mol of zinc According to the balanced chemical equation, 2 moles of electrons are transferred for every 1 mole of zinc that reacts. Therefore, the number of moles of electrons transferred can be calculated as follows: 0.003820 mol of zinc x 2 moles of electrons / 1 mole of zinc = 0.00764 moles of electrons transferred Therefore, the moles of electrons transferred is 0.00764.
About ZincZinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. Zinc is a transition metal that is bluish-gray in color and has anti-rust properties. Zinc is important for many biological processes, such as cell growth, immune function, and wound healing. Zinc is also used industrially, such as to make galvanized steel, dry batteries and coins.
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C2H5OH(l)+CH3COOH(l) → CH3COOC2H5(l)+H2O(l) If the yield of ethyl ethanoate obtained when 20.00 g of ethanol is reacted with excess ethanoic acid is 30.27 g, calculate the percentage yield
Answer:
The percentage yield is 79.12%
Explanation:
The first thing we need to calculate here is the theoretical yield of ethyl ethanoate that can be obtained from 20g of ethanol.
Since the mole ratio is 1:1, then this is quite straightforward.
What we need to obtain at first here is the number of theoretical moles of ethanol reacting.
That would be mass of ethanol/molar mass of ethanol
Molar mass of ethanol is 46g/mol
Thus the number of moles is 20/46 = 0.4348 mole
Like it is indicated earlier, since the number of moles are equal from the balanced equation, it also means that 0.4348 mole of ethylethanoate is produced
Now, we need to know the mass of ethyl ethanoate produced
The mass can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles by the molar mass
The molar mass of ethyl ethanoate is 88g/mol
So the mass of it produced = 0.4348 * 88 = 38.2624 or let’s just say 38.26
Thus, the percentage yield will be;
Actual yield/Theoretical yield * 100%
From the question, our actual yield is 30.27g while our calculated theoretical yield is 38.26g
= 30.27/38.26 * 100% = 79.12%
Ana made a poster about the different kinds of volcanoes.
Under each picture, she listed the characteristics of each kind of volcano. Read each description and drag it to the correct kind of volcano.
The description of each volcano is
loose and ashy: cinder cone volcanoalso called stratovolcano: composite volcanobuilds up over a broad area: shield volcanoerodes quickly: cinder cone volcanoslow, steady eruptions: shield volcanoalternating layers of hard lava and ash: composite volcanoWhat damages volcanoes?
Volcanoes erupt with a highly destructive mixture of ash, lava, hot, dangerous gases, and rock. Explosions from volcanoes have claimed lives.
Volcanic eruptions can bring about additional health risks like wildfires, floods, mudslides, power disruptions, and contaminated drinking water.
What places do volcanoes exist?The tectonic plate borders are home to 60% of all active volcanoes. The majority of volcanoes are situated along the Pacific Ocean's "Ring of Fire," which is a band of volcanic activity.
Some volcanoes, such as those that make up the Hawaiian Islands, develop at locations known as "hot spots" inside of plates.
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Remember to balance the equations first
1. Calculate the number of moles for each product produced (carbon dioxide, nitrogen,
oxygen and water) from the detonation of 3.2 mol of nitroglycerin by the reaction.
C,H,O,N, → CO, + N2 + O2 + H2O
mol CO₂ = 9.6
mol N₂ = 4.8
mol O₂ = 0.8
mol H₂O = 8
Further explanationReaction
4C₃H₅O₉N₃ → 12CO₂ + 6N₂ + O₂ + 10H₂O
mol CO₂
\(\tt \dfrac{12}{4}\times 3.2=9.6\)
mol N₂
\(\tt \dfrac{6}{4}\times 3.2=4.8\)
mol O₂
\(\tt \dfrac{1}{4}\times 3.2=0.8\)
mol H₂O
\(\tt \dfrac{10}{4}\times 3.2=8\)
8 words of environmental problems
Co2gazı ile ilgili;
I. Bileşiktir.
II. Saf maddedir.
III. Aynı tür tanecik içerir.
yargılarından hangileri doğrudur?
A) Yalnız 1
B) Yalnız 11
C) I ve II
D) II ve III
E) I, II ve III
Answer:
another day, what can I say, moonsheka did your hair today
Q4. A grasshopper jumps at an angle of
30° to the horizontal with a take off
speed of 3m/s
1.
What is the height of its jump? (2)
II.
How long is it above the ground?
(2)
III.
What is the range of its jump? (2)
Answer:
i. The height of its jump is approximately 0.115 m
ii. The time of flight of its jump is approximately 0.306 seconds
iii. The range of its jump is approximately 0.795 m
Explanation:
The angle at which the grasshopper jumps, θ = 30°
The speed with which the grasshopper takes off, u = 3 m/s
i. The height of its jump 'h', is given by the following relation;
\(h = \dfrac{u^2 \times sin^2 \theta}{2 \times g}\)
Where;
g = The acceleration due to gravity ≈ 9.81 m/s²
Therefore;
\(h \approx \dfrac{3^2 \times sin^2 (30^{\circ})}{2 \times 9.81} = \dfrac{25}{218} \approx 0.115\)
The height of its jump, h ≈ 0.115 m
ii. The time of flight of its jump, 't', is given as follows;
\(The \ time \ of \ flight, \, t = \dfrac{2 \times u \times sin \theta}{ g}\)
Therefore;
\(t \approx \dfrac{2 \times 3 \times sin (30 ^ {\circ})}{ 9.81} = \dfrac{100}{327} \approx 0.306\)
The time of flight of its jump, t ≈ 0.306 seconds
iii. The range of the jump is given by the following projectile motion equation for the range as follows;
\(R = \dfrac{u^2 \times sin (2 \times \theta)}{ g}\)
Therefore;
\(R \approx \dfrac{3^2 \times sin (2 \times 30^ {\circ})}{ 9.81} = \dfrac{41659} {52433} \approx 0.795\)
The range of the jump, R ≈ 0.795 m.
Al + AgNO3 -> Al(NO3)3 + Ag. As a balanced equation
Answer:
Al + 4AgNO3 >>Al(NO3)3+ 3Ag
Explanation:
the number of moles of No3 of the products is 3 therefore we have to balance the reactants by adding 3 before the "AgNO3" which also leades us to adding 3 mols to Ag on the products side
why is the melting peak for ibuprofen observed with dsc not a sharp peak and under what conditions would the peak be sharp
The melting peak for ibuprofen observed with Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is not a sharp peak due to its polymorphic nature and the presence of impurities.
Ibuprofen can exist in different crystal forms or polymorphs, each with a distinct melting point. These polymorphic transitions can result in a broadening of the melting peak in the Differential Scanning Calorimetry DSC curve. Additionally, impurities or solvents present in the sample can also affect the sharpness of the peak, as they can interfere with the melting process.
Under ideal conditions, the melting peak for ibuprofen in DSC would be sharp if the sample is pure and consists of a single polymorph. The absence of impurities and the use of well-controlled experimental conditions, such as a slow heating rate and accurate temperature calibration, can contribute to a sharper melting peak.
However, it is important to note that some compounds, including ibuprofen, may inherently exhibit broader melting peaks even under optimal conditions due to their structural characteristics or thermal behavior.
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HELP PLEASE WILL GIVE 45 points
Answer:
high melting points.
good conductors of electricity.
good conductors of heat.
high density.
malleable.
ductile.
Explanation:
Here is ur paragraph:
Metals have many interesting properties. Metals have high melting points, for example, Gold's melting point is 1948 degrees Fahrenheit. They are also good conductors of heat and electricity. They have high density and are malleable. They are also ductile. Platinum and Gold are very widely used for these reasons.
Fe³⁺ (aq) +KSCN(s)->FeSCN²⁺(aq)+K⁺(aq) To determine the moles of Fe3+(aq) in a 100mL sample of an unknown solution, excess KSCN(s) is added to convert all the Fe3+(aq) into the dark red species, FeSCN2+(aq), as represented by the equation above. The absorbance of FeSCN2+(aq) a different concentration is shown in the graph to the right. a) If the absorbance of the mixture is 0.20 at 453 nm, how many moles of Fe3+(aq) were present in the 100 mL sample? (Assume that any volume change due to adding the KSCN(s) is negligible. b) If the absorbance of the mixture is 0.40 at 453 nm, how many moles of Fe3+(aq) were present in the 100 mL sample? (Assume that any volume change due to adding the KSCN(s) is negligible.
Using lambert beer law, we can calculate as follow: i) number of moles = 4×10^-6 moles.
ii) number of moles =8×10^-6 moles
ii) Absorbance at 453mm = 0.40
Eb= 5 x 10 dm mol im A = Ebc n = 8X10-6 moles
C= 0.40 5x10 = 8×10-5 M Eb
no of moles (n) = CXV = 8x10 x 0.1
What is Lambert's rule?
The Beer–Lambert rule, additionally recognized as Beer's regulation, the Lambert–Beer rule, or the Beer–Lambert–Bouguer rule relates the attenuation of mild to the residences of the fabric thru which the mild is travelling. The regulation is normally carried out to chemical analysis measurements and utilized in expertise attenuation in bodily optics, for photons, neutrons, or rarefied gases. In mathematical physics, this law arises as an answer of the BGK equation.
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correct way for calculating atomic mass
Answer:
mass number = protons + neutrons.
Explanation:
Together, the number of protons and the number of neutrons determine an element's mass number: mass number = protons + neutrons. If you want to calculate how many neutrons an atom has, you can simply subtract the number of protons, or atomic number, from the mass number.
Calculate the volume percentage of phase present in an alloy of
16% by weight silicon and 84% by weight aluminium. Given density of
Si = 2.35 gm/cc and density of aluminium = 2.7 gm/cc
The volume percentage of silicon in the alloy is approximately 38.2%.
To calculate the volume percentage of silicon in the alloy, we need to consider the weight percentage and the densities of silicon and aluminium.
First, we calculate the volume of each component in the alloy based on their weight percentages. Since the density is defined as mass per unit volume, we can use the weight percentage to determine the mass of each component. For example, in 100 grams of the alloy, we have 16 grams of silicon and 84 grams of aluminium.
Next, we calculate the volume of silicon and aluminium by dividing their respective masses by their densities. Using the density of silicon (2.35 gm/cc), we find that the volume of silicon is approximately 6.81 cc. Similarly, using the density of aluminium (2.7 gm/cc), we find that the volume of aluminium is approximately 31.11 cc.
Finally, we calculate the volume percentage of silicon in the alloy by dividing the volume of silicon by the total volume of the alloy (sum of the volumes of silicon and aluminium) and multiplying by 100. In this case, the volume percentage of silicon in the alloy is approximately 38.2%.
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A(n)_____ is a structure that consists of dna and protein molecules coiled into a definite shape
Answer:
Double helix
Explanation:
Its like two starcaises intertwined.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
D is the answer had to find out the harder way
Use what you know about phase changes, mixtures, and chemical reactions to answer the following questions.
Which of these is a chemical reaction?
Answer:
D- beaking bread
Explanation:
The trapped carbon dioxide makes the dough rise, and the alcohol evaporates during the baking process this is an irreversible chemical change.
if one mole of each of these substances was added to an equal amount of water, which substance would decrease the vapor pressure the most? kcl, nacl, na3po4, or pbso4
Among the given substances, \(Na_{3} PO_{4}\) would decrease the vapor pressure the most because it produces the greatest number of solute particles (four ions) per mole dissolved in water. \(PbSO_{4}\) would have the least effect on the vapor pressure because it only dissociates to a very small extent in water.
The substance that would decrease the vapor pressure the most when one mole is added to an equal amount of water is \(PbSO4\) (lead(II) sulfate). This is because \(PbSO4\) is an insoluble substance, meaning that it will not dissociate into ions when added to water. As a result, it will not contribute to the total number of particles in the solution, leading to a decrease in vapor pressure. In contrast, the other substances listed are all soluble and will dissociate into ions when added to water, increasing the total number of particles in the solution and resulting in a smaller decrease in vapor pressure compared to \(PbSO4\).
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