How do you know if sanitizer is too strong or too weak?

To avoid making the reaction mix become an emulsion. - The reaction was stirred at a moderate, not rapid, pace.To deprotonate alcohols to become good alkoxide nucleophiles. - Solid sodium hydroxide was added to 2-naphthol.Keep the time for the reaction to go to completion under an hour. - Allyl bromide was used in excess.

Separate the non-polar ether product from the polar by-products. - The contents of the reaction flask were passed through a column of silica.Remove dissolved water from the reaction mixture. - Enough calcium chloride to cover half the bottom of the flask was added.An emulsion is a suspension of a liquid in another liquid. Because it is tough to separate these, stirring slowly in the course of the reaction prevents the reaction mix from becoming an emulsion.

A good nucleophile is an ion or a molecule that has an unbonded electron pair that may be employed to form a chemical bond to an electrophile. Alcohols may be deprotonated to form alkoxide nucleophiles by adding solid sodium hydroxide.The time for the reaction to be complete should be kept to a minimum. Allyl bromide was used in excess to achieve this.Silica gel is used in column chromatography to separate compounds based on their polarity.The polar by-products are eliminated by passing the contents of the reaction flask through a column of silica.The reaction mixture's water was removed by adding calcium chloride, which is hygroscopic.

learn more about alkoxide nucleophiles

https://brainly.com/question/31039154

#SPJ11

1. The Earth revolves around the Sun. Theory: This is a scientific theory, which is an explanation supported by a large body of evidence that explains how a natural phenomenon or phenomenon works.

A theory is an explanation or principle that is based on observations, experiments, and logical reasoning. It is an organized system of ideas, concepts, and principles intended to explain how something works or why something happens. Theories are used to explain and predict phenomena and can be used to develop hypotheses, which can then be tested to gain a better understanding of the natural or social world. Theories can be used to understand and explain a wide variety of phenomena in the natural and social sciences, including the behavior of particles, the functioning of the human body, and the social dynamics of large groups of people.

To learn more about theory
https://brainly.com/question/16805203
#SPJ1

The element that we can be able to use for the experiment in place of potassium is sodium.

We know that the elements that can be found in the same group does react in the same way. Now we know that we have to look about among the options so that we would be able to know element that is in the same group as potassium.

Given that both sodium and potassium are members of group 1, we have to look out for the element that element thus we have to select sodium.

Learn more about group of elements:https://brainly.com/question/5460947

#SPJ1

Answer:

Explanation:

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. This relationship is known as Henry's Law. According to Henry's Law, the solubility of the gas in the liquid is given by:

C = k * P

where C is the concentration of the gas in the liquid (in g/L), P is the partial pressure of the gas (in kPa), and k is a constant that depends on the gas and the temperature.

To find the solubility of water at a pressure of 150 kPa, we can use the following equation:

C2 = (P2/P1) * C1

where C1 is the solubility of water at a pressure of 90 kPa (0.13 g/L), P1 is the initial pressure (90 kPa), P2 is the final pressure (150 kPa), and C2 is the solubility of water at a pressure of 150 kPa (which we want to find).

Substituting the values into the equation, we get:

C2 = (150/90) * 0.13 g/L

C2 = 0.217 g/L

Therefore, the solubility of water is 0.217 g/L at a pressure of 150 kPa, assuming the temperature remains constant.

To learn more about solubility related with temperature :

https://brainly.in/question/26349340#:~:text=Answer&text=Answer%3A,held%20together%20by%20intermolecular%20attractions.

Answer:

When a solid turns directly to a gas this is called sublimation. From the graph it can be seen if the pressure is raised to ~5 atm as the CO2 warms up, it will pass through its triple point.

Explanation:

Answer:If the pressure is raised to ~5 atm as the CO2 warms up, it will pass through its triple point.

Explanation:

Answer:

I think nuetron stars

Explanation:

Answer:

i believe it is titanium.

Explanation:

Answer:

2. Chromium

Explanation:

Answer:

Ethanol

Explanation:

All four of these compounds are organic chemicals that occupy the capacity to withhold different intermolecular forces, commonly known as bonds. There are three main types of intermolecular forces, called London Dispersion, dipole dipole, and hydrogen bonding.

Hydrogen bonds are a different kind of dipole dipole bonding that is relatively strong and involves an electronegative atom (only Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Fluorine) causing a force of attraction with a Hydrogen.

Hydrogen bonds are created when there are partial positive charge on the Hydrogen atom, and a partial negative charge on the electronegative atom.

In other words, we are looking for a Hydrogen attached to a Nitrogen, Oxygen, or Fluorine.

◾ Ethanol's structure:                                                 \(\\~~~~~~~H~~~~H\\~~~~~~~~|~~~~~|\\H-C-C-O-H\\~~~~~~~~|~~~~~|\\~~~~~~~H~~~~H\\\)

      → A clear hydroxyl group (O-H) at the right hand side of the Lewis                     structure is shown, which means it possesses a hydrogen bond.

◾ Ethane's structure:                                                         \(\\~~~~~~~H~~~~H\\~~~~~~~~|~~~~~|\\H-C-C-H\\~~~~~~~~|~~~~~|\\~~~~~~~H~~~~H\\\)

      → Does not have any hydrogens attached to the electronegative atoms listed above. Therefore, this does not possess a hydrogen bond.

◾ Dimethyl ether's structure:                                    \(\\~~~~~~~H~~~~~~~~~~H\\~~~~~~~~|~~~~~~~~~~~~|\\H-C-O-C-H\\~~~~~~~~|~~~~~~~~~~~~|\\~~~~~~~H~~~~~~~~~~H\\\)

      → Has the necessary electronegative atom, which is the oxygen, inside the structure. However, it does not obtain any bonding through hydrogens and instead attaches to the carbons, concluding that dimethyl ether does not contain any hydrogen bonding.

◾ Ethylene's structure:                                                                    \(H~~~~H\\~~|~~~~~|\\~C=C\\~~|~~~~~|\\~H~~~H\\\)
      → Clearly not possessing an electronegative atom bonding with a hydrogen, therefore, does not have any hydrogen bonding.  

In summary, the only organic compound that contains a hydrogen bond is ethanol.

Learn more about hydrogen bonding at https://brainly.com/question/30885458

Answer:

The volume occupied by the solid water is 271 cubic centimeters or mililiters.

Explanation:

The water experiment a contraction, that is, a reduction in its occupied volume due to the change in temperature. But the mass remains constant according to Principle of Mass Conservation. Hence, we can predict the volume of water at -10.0 ºC by the following relationship:

\(\rho_{A}\cdot V_{A} = \rho_{B}\cdot V_{B}\) (1)

\(\rho_{A}\), \(\rho_{B}\) - Densities of water at 25 ºC and - 10 ºC, measured in grams per cubic centimeter.

\(V_{A}\), \(V_{B}\) - Volume occupied by the water at 25 ºC and - 10 ºC, measured in cubic centimeters.

If \(V_{A} = 250\,cm^{3}\), \(\rho_{A} = 0.997\,\frac{g}{cm^{3}}\) and \(\rho_{B} = 0.917\,\frac{g}{cm^{3}}\), then the volume occupied by the water at - 10 ºC is:

\(V_{B} = \frac{\rho_{A}\times V_{A}}{\rho_{B}}\)

\(V_{B} = \frac{\left(0.997\,\frac{g}{cm^{3}} \right)\cdot (250\,cm^{3})}{0.917\,\frac{g}{cm^{3}} }\)

\(V_{B} = 271\,cm^{3}\)

The volume occupied by the solid water is 271 cubic centimeters or mililiters.

When iron-rich materials cool below their Curie temperature, they may preserve the orientation of the magnetic field.

The Curie temperature is the temperature at which a ferromagnetic material loses its magnetic properties. When a ferromagnetic material is heated to its Curie temperature, the thermal energy causes the magnetic moments of the atoms in the material to become disordered, which causes the material to lose its magnetic field. When the material cools below its Curie temperature, the magnetic moments of the atoms become ordered again, but the orientation of the magnetic field may not be preserved. However, in iron-rich materials, if the cooling process is slow enough, the orientation of the magnetic field can be preserved, creating a record of the Earth's magnetic field at the time the material cooled. This property has been used to study the Earth's magnetic field history by analyzing the magnetic properties of rocks and sediments.

To learn more about ferromagnetic material click here : brainly.com/question/13399259

#SPJ11

Answer:

\(1.7137\ \text{mg/L}\)

Explanation:

Chlorine gas available = 27 lbs = \(27\times 453.59237=12247\ \text{g}\)

Amount of water used each day = 750000 gal = \(750000\times3.785411784=2839058.84\ \text{L}\)

Rate at which chlorine gas used = 2.6 mg/L

Chlorine gas used

\(2839058.84\times 2.6\times 10^{-3}=7381.55\ \text{g}\)

Residual content of chlorine = \(12247-7381.55=4865.45\ \text{g}\)

Concentration of the residual chlorine is given by

\(\dfrac{4865.45}{2839058.84}=0.0017137\ \text{g/L}=1.7137\ \text{mg/L}\)

Concentration of the residual chlorine is \(1.7137\ \text{mg/L}\).

Answer:

2,400 seconds

Explanation:

I multiplied the time value by 60 to get my answer

Hope this helped!

Answer: C, 36,450.06 moles

Explanation:

Molar mass=478.41

17.19gx478.41moles=36,450.06

Answer:Covalently bonded materials are less dense than metallic or ionically bonded ones because covalent bonds are directional in nature whereas metallic and ionic are not; when bonds are directional, the atoms cannot pack together in a dense manner, yielding a lower mass density then solids with non-directional bonds.

Explanation:

Answer:

60

Explanation:

0.125m x0.05=0.225

0.225÷100=56.0

56 rounded to the nearest ten is 60

Answer:

a number n decreased by 5

Explanation:

Answer:

О

because it has the fewest number of electrons

4P(s)+5O2(g)-->2P2O5(s)

4 moles of P=2moles of P2O5

0.97 moles of P=(2*0.97)/4

=0.485 moles

Answer:

70°C,130.9 ................,...

The data can show us that X ,Y and Z are all esters

The law of definite proportions, also known as Proust's Law, states that a given chemical compound always contains the same elements in the same proportion by mass.

This means that no matter how a compound is obtained or prepared, its elemental composition will always be the same. For example, water is always composed of hydrogen and oxygen in a ratio of 2:1, regardless of its source or method of preparation.

The law of definite proportions is a fundamental principle of chemistry and provides evidence for the atomic theory of matter.

Learn more about esters:https://brainly.com/question/10840252

#SPJ1

Answer:

24 hours of thawing it out in the fridge for every 5 pounds

Explanation:

For outside treatment:

The cost is a fixed $15,000 per year for the entire 9-year period.

Therefore, the EUAC for outside treatment is simply $15,000.

Comparing the EUAC values, we find that the EUAC for in-house treatment is approximately $6,329, while the EUAC for outside treatment is $15,000.

To calculate the equivalent uniform annual cost (EUAC) of each alternative and determine the most economical option, we need to analyze the costs over the 9-year period.

For in-house treatment:

The cost in the first year is $30,000, and the cost declines by $3,000 each year. We can use the arithmetic gradient formula to calculate the equivalent uniform annual cost.

Using the formula for an arithmetic gradient, the EUAC for in-house treatment can be calculated as follows:

EUAC = C - (G/A) * (1 - (1 + i)^(-n))

Where:

C = Initial cost = $30,000

G = Gradient (decrease per year) = -$3,000

A = Annuity factor (obtained from the interest and annuity table for discrete compounding) for 9 years at 8% MARR = 6.71008 (rounded)

i = Interest rate = 8% = 0.08

n = Number of years = 9

Substituting the values into the formula:

EUAC = $30,000 - (-$3,000/6.71008) * (1 - (1 + 0.08)^(-9))

EUAC ≈ $6,329 (rounded)

For outside treatment:

The cost is a fixed $15,000 per year for the entire 9-year period.

Therefore, the EUAC for outside treatment is simply $15,000.

Comparing the EUAC values, we find that the EUAC for in-house treatment is approximately $6,329, while the EUAC for outside treatment is $15,000.

Since the EUAC for in-house treatment is lower, it is the more economical alternative for processing waste liquids.

To know more about equivalent uniform annual cost (EUAC) , click here, https://brainly.com/question/32459736

#SPJ11

Please give brainlist if you find it helpful

Gibbs free energy (G°) is a thermodynamic quantity that can be used to predict the spontaneity of a reaction. It is defined as G° = -RTlnK, where R is the gas constant, T is the temperature in kelvins, and K is the equilibrium constant.

For part (a) of your question, at 25°C (which is equivalent to 298.15 K), the value of G° for the autoionization of water can be calculated as follows:

G° = -RTlnKw

= -(8.314 J/mol·K)(298.15 K)ln(1.00×10^-14)

= 79.9 kJ/mol

For part (b) of your question, at 40°C (which is equivalent to 313.15 K), the value of G° for the autoionization of water can be calculated as follows:

G° = -RTlnKw

= -(8.314 J/mol·K)(313.15 K)ln(2.92×10^-14)

= 83.6 kJ/mol

(a) Autoionization of Water:In the autoionization of water, two water molecules react to produce a hydroxide ion (OH-) and a hydronium ion (H3O+), as shown:H2O(l) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)At 25°C, the equilibrium constant Kw is 1.0 × 10-14. Therefore, the standard Gibbs free energy change for the autoionization of water at 25°C is 74.2 kJ/mol.

Gibbs free energy change for the reaction can be calculated using the following equation:ΔG° = - RT ln KwWhere, ΔG° = standard Gibbs free energy changeR = universal gas constant = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1T = temperature in KelvinKw = ion-product constant = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 × 10-14Thus,ΔG° = - (8.314 J K-1 mol-1) × (298 K) × ln (1.0 × 10-14) = 74.2 kJ/molTherefore, the standard Gibbs free energy change for the autoionization of water at 25°C is 74.2 kJ/mol.

(b) At 40°C, the ion-product constant Kw is 2.9 × 10-14.ΔG° at 40°C can be calculated using the same formula. Thus,ΔG° = - (8.314 J K-1 mol-1) × (313 K) × ln (2.9 × 10-14) = 72.6 kJ/molTherefore, the standard Gibbs free energy change for the autoionization of water at 40°C is 72.6 kJ/mol.

To know more about Gibbs free energy visit :

brainly.com/question/29753420

#SPJ11

The ocean's salinity is raised by both sea ice production and ocean water evaporation. Ongoing inflow of fresh water from the rivers, fall of rain and snow, and the melting of ice constantly balance.

It makes a significant contribution to conductance and influences many elements of the biochemistry in groundwaters as well as the biological activities that take place there. Temperature, pressure, and salinity all influence the physical properties of water, including its density its heat capacity.

Seawater salinity is impacted by rains, ice development, melting, and drainage. Seawater evaporate, leaving behind salts, which enhances their concentration and raises the salt of the water.

To know more about Salinity of water visit:

https://brainly.com/question/9795840

#SPJ4

Changing the graph's overall width is the simplest way to alter any object's width or the distance between items. The width and spacing of the bars will alter proportionally as the graph axis is stretched or released to create broader bars.

Scales should be used such that data are simple to plot and understand. Every fifth and/or tenth line on coordinate paper is significantly thicker than the other lines; a major division-line of this nature should always represent a decimal multiple of 1, 2, or 5. (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 0.05, 20, 500, etc.). Other options (like 0.3) make it exceedingly challenging to plot and comprehend the data. Scales shouldn't be set any finer than the measurement device's lowest increment for obtaining data. For instance, it is recommended to plot data from meter sticks, which have graduations of 1 mm, on a scale no finer than 1 division = 1 mm. The data would not allow for any additional plotting precision at scales smaller than 1 div/mm.

So 0.3 spaced graphs can be obtained by proportionally spacing the overall width by narrowing the 0.5 spaced graph.

To know more about graph, please refer:

https://brainly.com/question/25184007

#SPJ1

Answer:

chemical change in step one and a physical change in step two.

Explanation:

The physical change is a reversible one whereas the chemical change is a irreversible one. Here  a chemical change in step 1 and a physical change in step 2 had been taken place. The correct option is A.

When a substance is subjected to a physical change, its composition remains the same despite its molecules being rearranged. In a chemical change, the molecular composition of a substance is changed entirely and involves the formation of new substances.

A physical change affects only physical properties like size, shape, etc. whereas a chemical change affects both physical and chemical properties.

Thus for the experiment option A is correct.

To know more about physical change, visit;

https://brainly.com/question/28742279

#SPJ7

Answer:

who do I submit my questions to there is no submit or done sign I download this app for help not to waste my money and time. I need help with math please don't let us start off on the wrong foot

Answer:

Carbon Trioxide

Explanation:

Its a Carbonite Ion which is also known as a polyatomic ion